|
1
|
Mangels R, Young B, Keeble S, Ardekani R, Meslin C, Ferreira Z, Clark NL, Good JM, Dean MD. Genetic and phenotypic influences on copulatory plug survival in mice. Heredity (Edinb) 2015; 115:496-502. [PMID: 26103947 PMCID: PMC4806896 DOI: 10.1038/hdy.2015.50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2015] [Revised: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Across a diversity of animals, male seminal fluid coagulates upon ejaculation to form a hardened structure known as a copulatory plug. Previous studies suggest that copulatory plugs evolved as a mechanism for males to impede remating by females, but detailed investigations into the time course over which plugs survive in the female's reproductive tract are lacking. Here, we cross males from eight inbred strains to females from two inbred strains of house mice (Mus musculus domesticus). Plug survival was significantly affected by male genotype. Against intuition, plug survival time was negatively correlated with plug size: long-lasting plugs were small and relatively more susceptible to proteolysis. Plug size was associated with divergence in major protein composition of seminal vesicle fluid, suggesting that changes in gene expression may play an important role in plug dynamics. In contrast, we found no correlation to genetic variation in the protein-coding regions of five genes thought to be important in copulatory plug formation (Tgm4, Svs1, Svs2, Svs4 and Svs5). Our study demonstrates a complex relationship between copulatory plug characteristics and survival. We discuss several models to explain unexpected variation in plug phenotypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Mangels
- Molecular and Computational Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - B Young
- Molecular and Computational Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - S Keeble
- Molecular and Computational Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA
| | - R Ardekani
- Translational Imaging Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - C Meslin
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Z Ferreira
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - N L Clark
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - J M Good
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA
| | - M D Dean
- Molecular and Computational Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
|
2
|
Serratto M, Miller RA, Tatooles C, Ardekani R. Hemodynamic evaluation of Fontan operation in tricuspid atresia. Circulation 1976; 54:III99-101. [PMID: 991431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Six patients underwent hemodynamic studies at 2 to 34 months (mean 15 months) following a modified Fontan operation. Only one patient had a valve at the inferior vena cava (IVC)-right atrium (RA) junction. Average age at surgery was 12 years (range 5-26 years). Three patients were catheterized twice. Postoperative studies showed four patients to be in sinus rhythm and two in junctional rhythm. Two patients had a RA-left pulmonary artery (LPA) gradient across the conduit of 1.5-10 mm Hg. The RA pressure was elevated an average of 17 mm Hg (10-34). All patients showed good atrial transport function regardless of their rhythm. The average arterial saturation was 92% (87%-97%), which was an improvement of 13% over preoperative values. Residual hypoxemia was due to pulmonary vein desaturation and to atrial right-to-left shunting early after surgery and to atrial right-to-left shunt alone, later. Death followed re-operation for removal of the porcine valves in the patient with two valves inserted. Macroscopically, both valves were found to have fibrous tissue ingrowth that had fixed them in a semi-open position.
Collapse
|
|
3
|
|