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Boehling P, Toschkoff G, Dreu R, Just S, Kleinebudde P, Funke A, Rehbaum H, Khinast JG. Comparison of video analysis and simulations of a drum coating process. Eur J Pharm Sci 2017; 104:72-81. [PMID: 28365300 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2017.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Revised: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Tablet coating is a common unit operation in the pharmaceutical industry. To improve currently established processes, it is important to understand the influence of the process parameters on the coating quality. One of the critical parameters is the tablet velocity. In this work, numerical results are compared to results obtained experimentally. Tablet movement in the drums was simulated using the Discrete Element Method (DEM). The simulation parameters were adapted to fit the simulation to the experimental data. A comparison of the experimental and simulation results showed that the simulation correctly represents the real tablet velocity. A change in the velocity over time and its dependence on the rotation rates and the baffle position in the simulation were similar to the experimental results. In summary, simulations can improve the understanding of tablet coating processes and will thus provide insights into the underlying process mechanics, which cannot be obtained via ordinary experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Boehling
- Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH, Graz, Austria.
| | - G Toschkoff
- Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH, Graz, Austria
| | - R Dreu
- Institute of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - S Just
- Institute of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - P Kleinebudde
- Institute of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - A Funke
- Chemical and Pharmaceutical Development, Bayer Pharma AG, Berlin, Germany
| | - H Rehbaum
- L.B. Bohle Maschinen + Verfahren GmbH, Ennigerloh, Germany
| | - J G Khinast
- Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH, Graz, Austria; Institute for Process and Particle Engineering, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
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Stranzinger S, Faulhammer E, Calzolari V, Biserni S, Dreu R, Šibanc R, Paudel A, Khinast JG. The effect of material attributes and process parameters on the powder bed uniformity during a low-dose dosator capsule filling process. Int J Pharm 2017; 516:9-20. [PMID: 27826028 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2016.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Revised: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this work was to assess the effect of process parameters of a dosator nozzle machine on the powder bed uniformity of inhalation powders with various characteristics during a low-dose dosator capsule filling process. Three grades of lactose excipients were extensively characterized and filled into size 3 capsules using different dosing chamber lengths (2.5, 5mm), nozzle diameters (1.9, 3.4mm), powder bed heights (5, 10mm) and filling speeds (500, 3000capsules/h). The fill weight and the weight variability of Lactohale 100 (large particles, good flowability, low cohesion) remained almost the same, regardless of the process parameters throughout the capsule filling run time. Moreover, for this powder an increase in the fill weight at a higher filling speed was observed in all cases. Fill weight variability was significantly higher for lower dosing chamber volumes at a filling speed of 3000 capsules per hour. Lactohale 220 (small particles, poor flowability, high cohesion) delivered entirely different results. After a certain run time, depending on instrumental settings, a 'steady-state' with constant fill weights and low weight variability was achieved. For this highly cohesive powder, a high dosing chamber volume requires a low filling speed in order for the powder to completely fill the dosator nozzle. Moreover, it was established that a dosing chamber length of 2.5mm and a powder bed height of 10mm were required due to the powder's high fill weight variability over time, while the dosator size had no effect on it. In summary, the layer uniformity, the fill weight and the weight variability strongly depend on the powder characteristics and the instrumental settings. The results indicate that Lactohale 220 requires special attention during low-dose capsule filling. The study presents excellent insights into the effect of material attributes and process parameters on the layer uniformity and the quality of end product.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Stranzinger
- Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering (RCPE) GmbH, Inffeldgasse 13, 8010 Graz, Austria; Graz University of Technology, Institute for Process and Particle Engineering, Inffeldgasse 13, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - E Faulhammer
- Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering (RCPE) GmbH, Inffeldgasse 13, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - V Calzolari
- MG2, Via del Savena 18, 40065 Pian di Macina di Pianoro, Bologna, Italy
| | - S Biserni
- MG2, Via del Savena 18, 40065 Pian di Macina di Pianoro, Bologna, Italy
| | - R Dreu
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aškerčeva 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - R Šibanc
- Institute of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - A Paudel
- Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering (RCPE) GmbH, Inffeldgasse 13, 8010 Graz, Austria; Graz University of Technology, Institute for Process and Particle Engineering, Inffeldgasse 13, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - J G Khinast
- Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering (RCPE) GmbH, Inffeldgasse 13, 8010 Graz, Austria; Graz University of Technology, Institute for Process and Particle Engineering, Inffeldgasse 13, 8010 Graz, Austria.
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