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Kokebu DM, Ahmed S, Moodliar R, Chiang CY, Torrea G, Van Deun A, Goodall RL, Rusen ID, Meredith SK, Nunn AJ. Failure or relapse predictors for the STREAM Stage 1 short regimen for RR-TB. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2022; 26:753-759. [PMID: 35898125 PMCID: PMC9341498 DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.22.0073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: STREAM (Standardised Treatment Regimens of Anti-tuberculosis drugs for Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis) Stage 1 demonstrated non-inferior efficacy of a short regimen for rifampicin-resistant TB (RR-TB) compared to a long regimen as recommended by the WHO. The present paper analyses factors associated with a definite or probable failure or relapse (FoR) event in participants receiving the Short regimen.METHODS: This analysis is restricted to 253 participants allocated to the Short regimen and is based on the protocol-defined modified intention to treat (mITT) population. Multivariable Cox regression models were built using backwards elimination with an exit probability of P = 0.157, equivalent to the Akaike Information Criterion, to identify factors independently associated with a definite or probable FoR event.RESULTS: Four baseline factors were identified as being significantly associated with the risk of definite or probable FoR (male sex, a heavily positive baseline smear grade, HIV co-infection and the presence of costophrenic obliteration). There was evidence of association of culture positivity at Week 8 and FoR in a second model and Week 16 smear positivity, presence of diabetes and of smoking in a third model.CONCLUSION: The factors associated with FoR outcomes identified in this analysis should be considered when determining the optimal shortened treatment regimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. M. Kokebu
- St Peter’s Tuberculosis Specialised Hospital/Global Health Committee, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - S. Ahmed
- MRC Clinical Trials Unit at UCL, Institute of Clinical Trials and Methodology, University College London, London, UK
| | - R. Moodliar
- Tuberculosis & HIV Investigative Network (THINK), Doris Goodwin Hospital, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
| | - C-Y. Chiang
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wanfang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
, Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
, International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, Paris, France
| | - G. Torrea
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - A. Van Deun
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - R. L. Goodall
- MRC Clinical Trials Unit at UCL, Institute of Clinical Trials and Methodology, University College London, London, UK
| | - I. D. Rusen
- Research Division, Vital Strategies, New York, USA
| | - S. K. Meredith
- MRC Clinical Trials Unit at UCL, Institute of Clinical Trials and Methodology, University College London, London, UK
| | - A. J. Nunn
- MRC Clinical Trials Unit at UCL, Institute of Clinical Trials and Methodology, University College London, London, UK
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Ejo M, Van Deun A, Nunn A, Meredith S, Ahmed S, Dalai D, Tumenbayar O, Tsogt B, Dat PT, Ha DTM, Hang PT, Kokebu D, Teferi M, Mebrahtu T, Ngubane N, Moodliar R, Duckworth L, Conradie F, Enduwamahoro E, Keysers J, De Rijk P, Mulders W, Diro E, Rigouts L, de Jong BC, Torrea G. Effectiveness of GenoType MTBDR sl in excluding TB drug resistance in a clinical trial. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2021; 25:839-845. [PMID: 34615581 DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.21.0212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: To assess the performance of the GenoType MTBDRsl v1, a line-probe assay (LPA), to exclude baseline resistance to fluoroquinolones (FQs) and second-line injectables (SLIs) in the Standard Treatment Regimen of Anti-tuberculosis Drugs for Patients With MDR-TB 1 (STREAM 1) trial.METHODS: Direct sputum MTBDRsl results in the site laboratories were compared to indirect phenotypic drug susceptibility testing (pDST) results in the central laboratory, with DNA sequencing as a reference standard.RESULTS: Of 413 multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) patients tested using MTBDRsl and pDST, 389 (94.2%) were FQ-susceptible and 7 (1.7%) FQ-resistant, while 17 (4.1%) had an inconclusive MTBDRsl result. For SLI, 372 (90.1%) were susceptible, 5 (1.2%) resistant and 36 (8.7%) inconclusive. There were 9 (2.3%) FQ discordant pDST/MTBDRsl results, of which 3 revealed a mutation and 5 (1.3%) SLI discordant pDST/MTBDRsl results, none of which were mutants on sequencing. Among the 17 FQ- and SLI MTBDRsl-inconclusive samples, sequencing showed 1 FQ- and zero SLI-resistant results, similar to frequencies among the conclusive MTBDRsl. The majority of inconclusive MTBDRsl results were associated with low bacillary load samples (acid-fast bacilli smear-negative or scantily positive) compared to conclusive results (P < 0.001).CONCLUSION: MTBDRsl can facilitate the rapid exclusion of FQ and SLI resistances for enrolment in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ejo
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - A Van Deun
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium, Independent Consultant, Leuven, Belgium
| | - A Nunn
- Medical Research Council Clinical Trials at UCL, Institute of Clinical Trials and Methodology, University College London, London, UK
| | - S Meredith
- Medical Research Council Clinical Trials at UCL, Institute of Clinical Trials and Methodology, University College London, London, UK
| | - S Ahmed
- Medical Research Council Clinical Trials at UCL, Institute of Clinical Trials and Methodology, University College London, London, UK
| | - D Dalai
- National Centre of Infectious Diseases, National Tuberculosis Reference Laboratory, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - O Tumenbayar
- National Centre of Infectious Diseases, National Tuberculosis Reference Laboratory, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - B Tsogt
- Mongolian TB Coalition, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - P T Dat
- Pham Ngoc Thach Hospital, Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam
| | - D T M Ha
- Pham Ngoc Thach Hospital, Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam
| | - P T Hang
- Pham Ngoc Thach Hospital, Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam
| | - D Kokebu
- Saint Peter´s TB Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - M Teferi
- Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - T Mebrahtu
- Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - N Ngubane
- Doris Goodwin Hospital, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
| | - R Moodliar
- King Dinuzulu Hospital, Durban, South Africa
| | - L Duckworth
- King Dinuzulu Hospital, Durban, South Africa
| | - F Conradie
- Sizwe Tropical Disease, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | | | - J Keysers
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - P De Rijk
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - W Mulders
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - E Diro
- University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - L Rigouts
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - B C de Jong
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - G Torrea
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
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Moodliar R, Aksenova V, Frias MVG, van de Logt J, Rossenu S, Birmingham E, Zhuo S, Mao G, Lounis N, Kambili C, Bakare N. Bedaquiline for multidrug-resistant TB in paediatric patients. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2021; 25:716-724. [PMID: 34802493 PMCID: PMC8412106 DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.21.0022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: TMC207-C211 (NCT02354014) is a Phase 2, open-label, multicentre, single-arm study to evaluate pharmacokinetics, safety/tolerability, antimycobacterial activity and dose selection of bedaquiline (BDQ) in children (birth to <18 years) with multidrug-resistant-TB (MDR-TB). METHODS: Patients received 24 weeks’ BDQ with an anti-MDR-TB background regimen (BR), followed by 96 weeks of safety follow-up. Results of the primary analysis are presented based on data up to 24 weeks for Cohort 1 (≥12–<18 years; approved adult tablet at the adult dosage) and Cohort 2 (≥5–<12 years; age-appropriate 20 mg tablet at half the adult dosage). RESULTS: Both cohorts had 15 patients, of whom respectively 53% and 40% of Cohort 1 and Cohort 2 children had confirmed/probable pulmonary MDR-TB. Most patients completed 24 weeks’ BDQ/BR treatment (Cohort 1: 93%; Cohort 2: 67%). Geometric mean BDQ area under the curve 168h values of 119,000 ng.h/mL (Cohort 1) and 118,000 ng.h/mL (Cohort 2) at Week 12 were within 60–140% (86,200–201,000 ng.h/mL) of adult target values. Few adverse event (AE) related discontinuations or serious AEs, andnoQTcF >460 ms during BDQ/BR treatment or deaths occurred. Of MGIT-evaluable patients, 6/8 (75%) Cohort 1 and 3/3 (100%) Cohort 2 culture converted. CONCLUSION: In children and adolescents aged ≥5–<18 years with MDR-TB, including pre-extensively drug-resistant-TB (pre-XDR-TB) or XDR-TB, 24 weeks of BDQ provided a comparable pharmacokinetic and safety profile to adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Moodliar
- Tuberculosis and HIV Investigative Network, King Dinuzulu Hospital, Sydenham, Durban, South Africa
| | - V Aksenova
- National Medical Research Center for Phthisiopulmonology and Infectious Diseases, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - M V G Frias
- De La Salle Health Sciences Institute, Dasmariñas City, Cavite, the Philippines
| | - J van de Logt
- Janssen Research & Development, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - S Rossenu
- Janssen Pharmaceutica, Beerse, Belgium
| | | | - S Zhuo
- Janssen Research & Development, Titusville, NJ, IQVIA, NC
| | - G Mao
- Janssen Research & Development, Titusville, NJ
| | - N Lounis
- Janssen Pharmaceutica, Beerse, Belgium
| | - C Kambili
- Johnson & Johnson Global Public Health, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - N Bakare
- Janssen Research & Development, Titusville, NJ
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