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Louvado A, Coelho FJRC, Palma M, Magnoni LJ, Silva-Brito F, Ozório ROA, Cleary DFR, Viegas I, Gomes NCM. Study of the influence of tributyrin-supplemented diets on the gut bacterial communities of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Sci Rep 2024; 14:5645. [PMID: 38454011 PMCID: PMC10920674 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55660-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Dietary supplementation with triglyceride tributyrin (TBT), a butyrate precursor, has been associated with beneficial effects on fish health and improvements in the ability of carnivorous fish to tolerate higher levels of plant-based protein. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of a plant-based diet supplemented with TBT on the structural diversity and putative function of the digesta-associated bacterial communities of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). In addition to this, we also assessed the response of fish gut digestive enzyme activities and chyme metabolic profile in response to TBT supplementation. Our results indicated that TBT had no significant effects on the overall fish gut bacterial communities, digestive enzyme activities or metabolic profile when compared with non-supplemented controls. However, a more in-depth analysis into the most abundant taxa showed that diets at the highest TBT concentrations (0.2% and 0.4%) selectively inhibited members of the Enterobacterales order and reduced the relative abundance of a bacterial population related to Klebsiella pneumoniae, a potential fish pathogen. Furthermore, the predicted functional analysis of the bacterial communities indicated that increased levels of TBT were associated with depleted KEGG pathways related to pathogenesis. The specific effects of TBT on gut bacterial communities observed here are intriguing and encourage further studies to investigate the potential of this triglyceride to promote pathogen suppression in the fish gut environment, namely in the context of aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Louvado
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM) & Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - F J R C Coelho
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM) & Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - M Palma
- Centre for Functional Ecology, Associate Laboratory TERRA, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3000-456, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - L J Magnoni
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Universidade do Porto, Matosinhos, Portugal
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Nelson, New Zealand
| | - F Silva-Brito
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Universidade do Porto, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - R O A Ozório
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Universidade do Porto, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - D F R Cleary
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM) & Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - I Viegas
- Centre for Functional Ecology, Associate Laboratory TERRA, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3000-456, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - N C M Gomes
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM) & Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
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Peixoto MJ, Domingues A, Batista S, Gonçalves JFM, Gomes AM, Cunha S, Valente LMP, Costas B, Ozório ROA. Physiopathological responses of sole (Solea senegalensis) subjected to bacterial infection and handling stress after probiotic treatment with autochthonous bacteria. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2018; 83:348-358. [PMID: 30227256 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.09.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the protective effects of four autochthonous bacteria isolated from juvenile sole (Solea senegalensis) intestine as dietary probiotic supplement against bacterial pathogen infection and handling/transport stressors. Growth performance and immune responses were evaluated after 85 days of feeding trial. Sole (IBW = 16.07 ± 0.11 g) were fed six experimental diets, a control diet (CTRL, without the dietary probiotic supplementation), and five diets supplemented with probiotic bacteria: PB1 (Shewanella hafniensis), PB2 (Enterococcus raffinosus), PB3 (Shewanella hafniensis + Arthrobacter soli), PB4 (Pseudomonas protegens + Arthrobacter soli) and PB5 (Shewanella hafniensis + Arthrobacter soli + Enterococcus raffinosus). All bacteria were selected based on their in vitro antimicrobial activity. After the growth trial, fish were submitted to a stress factor (transport) and then each dietary group was divided in two additional groups: non-infected (placebo) and infected with Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida. Immune and antioxidant responses were evaluated at day 10 post-infection. In infection trial A, fish were infected on the same day of transport, whereas in trial B fish were infected after a 7-day recovery from the transport stress. At the end of the feeding trial, fish fed with PB2 and PB4 showed lower final body weight when compared with the other dietary groups. Respiratory burst activity and nitric oxide production were not affected by probiotic supplementation. Fish fed with PB5 presented lower peroxidase activity compared to CTRL. Lysozyme and alternative complement pathway activity (ACH50) showed no significant differences between treatments. The innate immune responses were significantly affected after handling stress and bacterial infection. In trial A, the ACH50 levels of infected fish were significantly lower than the placebo groups. On the other hand, in trial B fish infected with Pdp demonstrated higher ACH50 levels when compared to placebos. Peroxidase levels were strongly modulated by bacterial infection and handling stress. In trials A and B, infection had a clear downgrade effect in peroxidase levels. Lipid peroxidation, catalase, glutathione S-transferase and glutathione reductase were altered by both bacterial infection and transport. Overall, dietary probiotic supplementation did not influence growth performance of sole. The immune and oxidative defenses of sole responded differently to infection depending on the probiotic and the synergy between pathogen infection and transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Peixoto
- CIIMAR, Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Universidade do Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos, S/N, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - A Domingues
- CIIMAR, Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Universidade do Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos, S/N, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal; ESTM - Escola Superior de Turismo e Tecnologia do Mar, Instituto Politécnico de Leiria, Santuário Nossa Senhora dos Remédios, 2520-641, Peniche, Portugal
| | - S Batista
- CIIMAR, Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Universidade do Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos, S/N, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal; ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar, Universidade de Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira n.º 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - J F M Gonçalves
- CIIMAR, Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Universidade do Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos, S/N, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal; ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar, Universidade de Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira n.º 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - A M Gomes
- CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina, Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa/Porto, Rua Arquitecto Lobão Vital, 4200-072, Porto, Portugal
| | - S Cunha
- Escola Superior de Saúde, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino Almeida, 400, 4200-072, Porto, Portugal; Departamento de Biología Funcional y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Vigo, Ciudad Universitaria de Vigo, Campus Universitario Lagoas-Marcosende, s/n, 36310, Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain
| | - L M P Valente
- CIIMAR, Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Universidade do Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos, S/N, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal; ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar, Universidade de Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira n.º 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - B Costas
- CIIMAR, Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Universidade do Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos, S/N, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal; ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar, Universidade de Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira n.º 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - R O A Ozório
- CIIMAR, Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Universidade do Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos, S/N, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal.
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Ramos MA, Gonçalves JFM, Batista S, Costas B, Pires MA, Rema P, Ozório ROA. Growth, immune responses and intestinal morphology of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) supplemented with commercial probiotics. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2015; 45:19-26. [PMID: 25865055 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2015.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Revised: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The influence of two commercial probiotics on the growth, innate immune parameters and intestinal morphology of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) juveniles (initial weight: 16.4 ± 0.4 g) was evaluated. Two probiotic types: A, multi-species (Bacillus sp., Pedicoccus sp., Enterococcus sp., Lactobacillus sp.) and B, mono-species (Pediococcus acidilactici) were tested at two levels each (A1: 1.5 g kg(-1), 8.6 × 10(5) CFU g(-1); A2: 3 g kg(-1), 1.6 × 10(6) CFU g(-1); B1: 0.1 g kg(-1), 2.6 × 10(4) CFU g(-1); B2: 0.2 g kg(-1), 7.2 × 10(4) CFU g(-1)) versus an unsupplemented diet (C). Diets were distributed to sextuplicate tanks, three times a day to visual satiation for 8 weeks. Growth performance and immune responses (plasma lysozyme, ACH50, peroxidase and head kidney respiratory burst) were determined at 4 and 8 weeks of feeding. Body composition and intestine morphology were determined at the end of the feeding trial. At 8 weeks, the lower dose of multi-species probiotic (A1) improved growth rate, while both probiotic types improved feed conversion rate compared to the control animals, at the lower dose of multi-species (A1) and at the higher dose of mono-species (B2) probiotics. Body composition did not vary between treatments. At 4 weeks, ACH50 activity was significantly higher in fish fed higher dose of B probiotic (B2, 123.7 ± 50.6 vs 44.1 ± 7.7 U.ml(-1) in control). At 8 weeks, lysozyme activity was higher in fish fed A1 (13.1 ± 5.2 μg ml(-1)) diet compared to fish fed control diet (7.8 ± 1 μg ml(-1)). Plasma peroxidase and head-kidney respiratory burst did not differ among the dietary treatments. Villi length and integrity and goblet cell counting of a cross section of the anterior intestine were not significantly different between groups. Results suggest benefits in zootechnical performance and immune humoral responses using both probiotic types, in a dose dependent manner, without apparent alterations in intestinal morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Ramos
- CIIMAR/CIMAR - Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Universidade do Porto, Rua dos Bragas, 289, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal; Instituto Politécnico de Coimbra, ESAC, Escola Superior Agrária de Coimbra, Bencanta, 3040-316 Coimbra, Portugal; CECAV-UTAD - Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal.
| | - J F M Gonçalves
- CIIMAR/CIMAR - Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Universidade do Porto, Rua dos Bragas, 289, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal; ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar, Universidade de Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira n.° 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - S Batista
- CIIMAR/CIMAR - Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Universidade do Porto, Rua dos Bragas, 289, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal; ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar, Universidade de Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira n.° 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - B Costas
- CIIMAR/CIMAR - Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Universidade do Porto, Rua dos Bragas, 289, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal
| | - M A Pires
- CECAV-UTAD - Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - P Rema
- CECAV-UTAD - Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - R O A Ozório
- CIIMAR/CIMAR - Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Universidade do Porto, Rua dos Bragas, 289, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal; ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar, Universidade de Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira n.° 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
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