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Lagmay AMF, Balangue-Tarriela MIR, Aurelio M, Ybanez R, Bonus-Ybanez A, Sulapas J, Baldago C, Sarmiento DM, Cabria H, Rodolfo R, Rafael DJ, Trinidad JR, Obille E, Rosell N. Hazardous base surges of Taal's 2020 eruption. Sci Rep 2021; 11:15703. [PMID: 34344908 PMCID: PMC8333357 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-94866-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
After 43 years of repose, Taal Volcano erupted on 12 January 2020 forming hazardous base surges. Using field, remote sensing (i.e. UAV and LiDAR), and numerical methods, we gathered primary data to generate well-constrained observed information on dune bedform characteristics, impact dynamic pressures and velocities of base surges. This is to advance our knowledge on this type of hazard to understand and evaluate its consequences and risks. The dilute and wet surges traveled at 50-60 ms-1 near the crater rim and decelerated before making impact on coastal communities with dynamic pressures of at least 1.7 kPa. The base surges killed more than a thousand livestock in the southeast of Taal Volcano Island, and then traveled another ~ 600 m offshore. This work is a rare document of a complete, fresh, and practically undisturbed base surge deposit, important in the study of dune deposits formed by volcanic and other processes on Earth and other planets.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M F Lagmay
- UP National Insitute of Geological Sciences, College of Science, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines.
- UP Resilience Institute and NOAH Center, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City, Metro Manila, Philippines.
| | - M I R Balangue-Tarriela
- UP National Insitute of Geological Sciences, College of Science, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines
| | - M Aurelio
- UP National Insitute of Geological Sciences, College of Science, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines
| | - R Ybanez
- UP National Insitute of Geological Sciences, College of Science, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines
| | - A Bonus-Ybanez
- UP Resilience Institute and NOAH Center, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City, Metro Manila, Philippines
| | - J Sulapas
- UP National Insitute of Geological Sciences, College of Science, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines
- UP Resilience Institute and NOAH Center, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City, Metro Manila, Philippines
| | - C Baldago
- UP National Insitute of Geological Sciences, College of Science, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines
| | - D M Sarmiento
- UP National Insitute of Geological Sciences, College of Science, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines
| | - H Cabria
- Agriculture Sustainability Initiatives for Nature, Inc., Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines
| | - R Rodolfo
- Agriculture Sustainability Initiatives for Nature, Inc., Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines
- Department of Environmental Science, Ateneo De Manila University, Loyola heights, Quezon City, Metro Manila, Philippines
| | - D J Rafael
- UP National Insitute of Geological Sciences, College of Science, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines
| | - J R Trinidad
- UP National Insitute of Geological Sciences, College of Science, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines
| | - E Obille
- National Institute for Science and Mathematics Education Development, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines
| | - N Rosell
- Agriculture Sustainability Initiatives for Nature, Inc., Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines
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Cox V, McKenna L, Acquah R, Reuter A, Wasserman S, Vambe D, Ustero P, Udwadia Z, Triviño-Duran L, Tommasi M, Skrahina A, Seddon JA, Rodolfo R, Rich M, Padanilam X, Oyewusi L, Ohler L, Lungu P, Loveday M, Khan U, Khan P, Hughes J, Hewison C, Guglielmetti L, Furin J. Clinical perspectives on treatment of rifampicin-resistant/multidrug-resistant TB. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2021; 24:1134-1144. [PMID: 33172520 DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.20.0330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapid diagnostics, newer drugs, repurposed medications, and shorter regimens have radically altered the landscape for treating rifampicin-resistant TB (RR-TB) and multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB). There are multiple ongoing clinical trials aiming to build a robust evidence base to guide RR/MDR-TB treatment, and both observational studies and programmatic data have contributed to advancing the treatment field. In December 2019, the WHO issued their second 'Rapid Communication´ related to RR-TB management. This reiterated their prior recommendation that a majority of people with RR/MDR-TB receive all-oral treatment regimens, and now allow for specific shorter duration regimens to be used programmatically as well. Many TB programs need clinical advice as they seek to roll out such regimens in their specific setting. In this Perspective, we highlight our early experiences and lessons learned from working with National TB Programs, adult and pediatric clinicians and civil society, in optimizing treatment of RR/MDR-TB, using shorter, highly-effective, oral regimens for the majority of people with RR/MDR-TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Cox
- Center for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Research, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Soauth Africa
| | - L McKenna
- Treatment Action Group, New York, NY, USA
| | - R Acquah
- Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF), Khayelitsha, South Africa
| | - A Reuter
- Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF), Khayelitsha, South Africa
| | - S Wasserman
- Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, and Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - D Vambe
- Eswatini National TB Control Programme, Manzini, Eswatini
| | - P Ustero
- Global TB Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Z Udwadia
- Hinduja Hospital & Research Centre, Mumbai, India
| | | | - M Tommasi
- Independent Consultant, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - A Skrahina
- Republican Scientific and Practical Centre for Pulmonology and TB, Minsk, Belarus
| | - J A Seddon
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Imperial College London, UK, and Desmond Tutu TB Centre, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Stellenbosch, Tygerberg, South Africa
| | - R Rodolfo
- National Department of Health, Mahikeng, North West Province, South Africa
| | - M Rich
- Partners In Health (PIH), Boston, MA, USA
| | - X Padanilam
- National Department of Health, Johannesburg, Gauteng Province, South Africa
| | | | | | - P Lungu
- National Tuberculosis and Leprosy Programme, Ministry of Health, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - M Loveday
- Health Systems Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Durban, South Africa
| | - U Khan
- Interactive Research and Development, Karachi
| | - P Khan
- Interactive Research and Development, Karachi, Pakistan, and Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - J Hughes
- Desmond Tutu TB Centre, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | | | | | - J Furin
- Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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