Highly efficient and selective aqueous phase hydrogenation of aryl ketones, aldehydes, furfural and levulinic acid and its ethyl ester catalyzed by phosphine oxide-decorated polymer immobilized ionic liquid-stabilized ruthenium nanoparticles

Phosphine oxide-decorated polymer immobilized ionic liquid stabilized RuNPs catalyse the hydrogenation of aryl ketones with remarkable selectivity for the CO bond, complete hydrogenation to the cyclohexylalcohol and hydrogenation of levulinic acid to γ-valerolactone.

Inherited pulmonary cylindromas: extending the phenotype of CYLD mutation carriers

Background

Germline mutations in the tumour suppressor gene CYLD are recognized to be associated with the development of multiple cutaneous cylindromas. We encountered such a patient who presented with breathlessness because of multiple pulmonary cylindromas.

Objectives

To search for clinical and radiological features of multiple pulmonary cylindromas in a cohort of 16 patients with CYLD mutations.

Methods

A retrospective case‐note review was carried out in a tertiary dermatogenetics clinic where CYLD mutation carriers are reviewed on an annual basis. In‐depth investigation was carried out for patients with pulmonary tumours.

Results

Four patients had radiological imaging of their lungs, of which two had multiple pulmonary cylindromas that were confirmed histologically. Serial computed tomography monitoring allowed for pre‐emptive endobronchial laser ablation, preventing major airway obstruction and pulmonary collapse.

Conclusions

Pulmonary cylindromas are an unrecognized, but infrequently symptomatic, aspect of the phenotype in these patients that can have implications for patient care. They should be considered in patients with a high tumour burden that present with respiratory symptoms, and where appropriate, monitored with serial imaging.

What's already known about this topic?

Germline mutations in the tumour suppressor gene CYLD are recognized to be associated with the development of multiple cutaneous cylindromas, spiradenomas and trichoepitheliomas.

Beyond the skin, salivary gland tumours are seen in less than approximately 5% of patients, but otherwise the tropism of this disease is recognized as exclusively cutaneous.

What does this study add?

We report multiple pulmonary cylindromas in two patients out of a series of 16 patients, a previously unreported aspect of this genetic disease.

Deep phenotyping with radiological, histological and genetic approaches provides evidence that supports that these tumours are similar to cutaneous cylindromas and share a cytokeratin signature seen in cutaneous cylindroma.

What is the translational message?

Patients with this rare disease should be investigated if they present with new symptoms of respiratory disease.

These data inform the clinical surveillance and management of patients with this rare condition and also inform the longstanding debate on benign metastases.

https://doi.org/10.1111/bjd.17046 available online

https://goo.gl/Uqv3dl

Highly efficient aqueous phase reduction of nitroarenes catalyzed by phosphine-decorated polymer immobilized ionic liquid stabilized PdNPs

Phosphino-decorated polymer immobilised ionic liquid-stabilised PdNPs are highly efficient catalysts for the aqueous phase hydrogenation and transfer hydrogenation of aromatic nitro compounds in batch and continuous flow.

Transmural variations in gene expression of stretch-modulated proteins in the rat left ventricle

The properties of left ventricular cardiac myocytes vary transmurally. This may be related to the gradients of stress and strain experienced in vivo across the ventricular wall. We tested the hypothesis that within the rat left ventricle there are transmural differences in the expression of genes for proteins that are involved in mechanosensitive pathways and in associated physiological responses. Real time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was used to measure messenger RNA (mRNA) levels of selected targets in sub-epicardial (EPI) and sub-endocardial (ENDO) myocardium. Carbon fibres were attached to single myocytes to stretch them and to record contractility. We observed that the slow positive inotropic response to stretch was not different between EPI and ENDO myocytes and consistent with this, that the mRNA expression of two proteins implicated in the slow response, non-specific cationic mechanosensitive channels (TRPC-1) and Na/H exchanger, were not different. However, mRNA levels of other targets, e.g. the mechanosensitive K⁺ channel TREK-1, Brain Natriuretic Peptide and Endothelin-1 receptor B, were significantly greater in ENDO than EPI. No targets had significantly greater mRNA levels in EPI than ENDO. On the basis of these findings, we suggest that the response of the ventricle to stretch will depend upon both the regional differences in stimuli and the relative expression of the mechanosensitive targets and that generally, stretch sensitivity is predicted to be greater in ENDO.