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Nunes JPF, Ledbetter K, Lin M, Kozina M, DePonte DP, Biasin E, Centurion M, Crissman CJ, Dunning M, Guillet S, Jobe K, Liu Y, Mo M, Shen X, Sublett R, Weathersby S, Yoneda C, Wolf TJA, Yang J, Cordones AA, Wang XJ. Liquid-phase mega-electron-volt ultrafast electron diffraction. Struct Dyn 2020; 7:024301. [PMID: 32161776 PMCID: PMC7062553 DOI: 10.1063/1.5144518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The conversion of light into usable chemical and mechanical energy is pivotal to several biological and chemical processes, many of which occur in solution. To understand the structure-function relationships mediating these processes, a technique with high spatial and temporal resolutions is required. Here, we report on the design and commissioning of a liquid-phase mega-electron-volt (MeV) ultrafast electron diffraction instrument for the study of structural dynamics in solution. Limitations posed by the shallow penetration depth of electrons and the resulting information loss due to multiple scattering and the technical challenge of delivering liquids to vacuum were overcome through the use of MeV electrons and a gas-accelerated thin liquid sheet jet. To demonstrate the capabilities of this instrument, the structure of water and its network were resolved up to the 3 rd hydration shell with a spatial resolution of 0.6 Å; preliminary time-resolved experiments demonstrated a temporal resolution of 200 fs.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P F Nunes
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, USA
| | | | - M Lin
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - M Kozina
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - D P DePonte
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - E Biasin
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - M Centurion
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, USA
| | - C J Crissman
- Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - M Dunning
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - S Guillet
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - K Jobe
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Y Liu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
| | - M Mo
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - X Shen
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - R Sublett
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - S Weathersby
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - C Yoneda
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - T J A Wolf
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | | | - A A Cordones
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - X J Wang
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
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Forsthuber TG, Shive CL, Wienhold W, de Graaf K, Spack EG, Sublett R, Melms A, Kort J, Racke MK, Weissert R. T cell epitopes of human myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein identified in HLA-DR4 (DRB1*0401) transgenic mice are encephalitogenic and are presented by human B cells. J Immunol 2001; 167:7119-25. [PMID: 11739534 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.167.12.7119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) is an Ag present in the myelin sheath of the CNS thought to be targeted by the autoimmune T cell response in multiple sclerosis (MS). In this study, we have for the first time characterized the T cell epitopes of human MOG restricted by HLA-DR4 (DRB1*0401), an MHC class II allele associated with MS in a subpopulation of patients. Using MHC binding algorithms, we have predicted MOG peptide binding to HLA-DR4 (DRB1*0401) and subsequently defined the in vivo T cell reactivity to overlapping MOG peptides by testing HLA-DR4 (DRB1*0401) transgenic mice immunized with recombinant human (rh)MOG. The data indicated that MOG peptide 97-108 (core 99-107, FFRDHSYQE) was the immunodominant HLA-DR4-restricted T cell epitope in vivo. This peptide has a high in vitro binding affinity for HLA-DR4 (DRB1*0401) and upon immunization induced severe experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in the HLA-DR4 transgenic mice. Interestingly, the same peptide was presented by human B cells expressing HLA-DR4 (DRB1*0401), suggesting a role for the identified MOG epitopes in the pathogenesis of human MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- T G Forsthuber
- Institute of Pathology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
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Abstract
A sequence of deoxyribonucleic acid of 2.7 times 10-6 to 3.3 times 10-6 daltons which includes the TEM beta-lactamase gene is present on the small plasmid RSF 1030 (R-Amp). This same sequence is present on plasmid derivatives that have received a translocation of deoxyribonucleic acid specifying the TEM beta-lactamase and is also present on naturally occurring plasmids of the F1, F11, N, X, O, I, C, and W incompatibility groups that do not specify ampicillin resistance or specify O-type beta-lactamases.
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