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1
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Patel D, Knauer JP, Cao D, Betti R, Nora R, Shvydky A, Gopalaswamy V, Lees A, Sampat S, Donaldson WR, Regan SP, Stoeckl C, Forrest CJ, Glebov VY, Harding DR, Bonino MJ, Janezic RT, Wasilewski D, Fella C, Shuldberg C, Murray J, Guzman D, Serrato B. Effects of Laser Bandwidth in Direct-Drive High-Performance DT-Layered Implosions on the OMEGA Laser. Phys Rev Lett 2023; 131:105101. [PMID: 37739360 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.105101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
In direct-drive inertial confinement fusion, the laser bandwidth reduces the laser imprinting seed of hydrodynamic instabilities. The impact of varying bandwidth on the performance of direct-drive DT-layered implosions was studied in targets with different hydrodynamic stability properties. The stability was controlled by changing the shell adiabat from (α_{F}≃5) (more stable) to (α_{F}≃3.5) (less stable). These experiments show that the performance of lower adiabat implosions improves considerably as the bandwidth is raised indicating that further bandwidth increases, beyond the current capabilities of OMEGA, would be greatly beneficial. These results suggest that the future generation of ultra-broadband lasers could enable achieving high convergence and possibly high gains in direct drive ICF.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Patel
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, New York 14623, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - J P Knauer
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - D Cao
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - R Betti
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, New York 14623, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Rochester, New York 14623, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - R Nora
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - A Shvydky
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - V Gopalaswamy
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - A Lees
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - S Sampat
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - W R Donaldson
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - S P Regan
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - C Stoeckl
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - C J Forrest
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - V Yu Glebov
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - D R Harding
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - M J Bonino
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - R T Janezic
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - D Wasilewski
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - C Fella
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - C Shuldberg
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - J Murray
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - D Guzman
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - B Serrato
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
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2
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Shah RC, Cao D, Aghaian L, Bachmann B, Betti R, Campbell EM, Epstein R, Forrest CJ, Forsman A, Glebov VY, Goncharov VN, Gopalaswamy V, Harding DR, Hu SX, Igumenshchev IV, Janezic RT, Keaty L, Knauer JP, Kobs D, Lees A, Mannion OM, Mohamed ZL, Patel D, Rosenberg MJ, Shmayda WT, Stoeckl C, Theobald W, Thomas CA, Volegov P, Woo KM, Regan SP. Bound on hot-spot mix in high-velocity, high-adiabat direct-drive cryogenic implosions based on comparison of absolute x-ray and neutron yields. Phys Rev E 2022; 106:L013201. [PMID: 35974626 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.106.l013201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In laser-driven implosions for laboratory fusion, the comparison of hot-spot x-ray yield to neutron production can serve to infer hot-spot mix. For high-performance direct-drive implosions, this ratio depends sensitively on the degree of equilibration between the ion and electron fluids. A scaling for x-ray yield as a function of neutron yield and characteristic ion and electron hot-spot temperatures is developed on the basis of simulations with varying degrees of equilibration. We apply this model to hot-spot x-ray measurements of direct-drive cryogenic implosions typical of the direct-drive designs with best ignition metrics. The comparison of the measured x-ray and neutron yields indicates that hot-spot mix, if present, is below a sensitivity estimated as ∼2% by-atom mix of ablator plastic into the hot spot.
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Affiliation(s)
- R C Shah
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - D Cao
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - L Aghaian
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92121, USA
| | - B Bachmann
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - R Betti
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - E M Campbell
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - R Epstein
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - C J Forrest
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - A Forsman
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92121, USA
| | - V Yu Glebov
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - V N Goncharov
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - V Gopalaswamy
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - D R Harding
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - S X Hu
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - I V Igumenshchev
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - R T Janezic
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - L Keaty
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92121, USA
| | - J P Knauer
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - D Kobs
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92121, USA
| | - A Lees
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - O M Mannion
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - Z L Mohamed
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - D Patel
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - M J Rosenberg
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - W T Shmayda
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - C Stoeckl
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - W Theobald
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - C A Thomas
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - P Volegov
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - K M Woo
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - S P Regan
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
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3
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Lees A, Betti R, Knauer JP, Gopalaswamy V, Patel D, Woo KM, Anderson KS, Campbell EM, Cao D, Carroll-Nellenback J, Epstein R, Forrest C, Goncharov VN, Harding DR, Hu SX, Igumenshchev IV, Janezic RT, Mannion OM, Radha PB, Regan SP, Shvydky A, Shah RC, Shmayda WT, Stoeckl C, Theobald W, Thomas C. Experimentally Inferred Fusion Yield Dependencies of OMEGA Inertial Confinement Fusion Implosions. Phys Rev Lett 2021; 127:105001. [PMID: 34533333 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.105001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Statistical modeling of experimental and simulation databases has enabled the development of an accurate predictive capability for deuterium-tritium layered cryogenic implosions at the OMEGA laser [V. Gopalaswamy et al.,Nature 565, 581 (2019)10.1038/s41586-019-0877-0]. In this letter, a physics-based statistical mapping framework is described and used to uncover the dependencies of the fusion yield. This model is used to identify and quantify the degradation mechanisms of the fusion yield in direct-drive implosions on OMEGA. The yield is found to be reduced by the ratio of laser beam to target radius, the asymmetry in inferred ion temperatures from the ℓ=1 mode, the time span over which tritium fuel has decayed, and parameters related to the implosion hydrodynamic stability. When adjusted for tritium decay and ℓ=1 mode, the highest yield in OMEGA cryogenic implosions is predicted to exceed 2×10^{14} fusion reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Lees
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - R Betti
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - J P Knauer
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - V Gopalaswamy
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - D Patel
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - K M Woo
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - K S Anderson
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - E M Campbell
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - D Cao
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - J Carroll-Nellenback
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - R Epstein
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - C Forrest
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - V N Goncharov
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - D R Harding
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - S X Hu
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - I V Igumenshchev
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - R T Janezic
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - O M Mannion
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - P B Radha
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - S P Regan
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - A Shvydky
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - R C Shah
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - W T Shmayda
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - C Stoeckl
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - W Theobald
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - C Thomas
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
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4
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Gopalaswamy V, Betti R, Knauer JP, Luciani N, Patel D, Woo KM, Bose A, Igumenshchev IV, Campbell EM, Anderson KS, Bauer KA, Bonino MJ, Cao D, Christopherson AR, Collins GW, Collins TJB, Davies JR, Delettrez JA, Edgell DH, Epstein R, Forrest CJ, Froula DH, Glebov VY, Goncharov VN, Harding DR, Hu SX, Jacobs-Perkins DW, Janezic RT, Kelly JH, Mannion OM, Maximov A, Marshall FJ, Michel DT, Miller S, Morse SFB, Palastro J, Peebles J, Radha PB, Regan SP, Sampat S, Sangster TC, Sefkow AB, Seka W, Shah RC, Shmyada WT, Shvydky A, Stoeckl C, Solodov AA, Theobald W, Zuegel JD, Johnson MG, Petrasso RD, Li CK, Frenje JA. Tripled yield in direct-drive laser fusion through statistical modelling. Nature 2019; 565:581-586. [PMID: 30700868 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-0877-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Focusing laser light onto a very small target can produce the conditions for laboratory-scale nuclear fusion of hydrogen isotopes. The lack of accurate predictive models, which are essential for the design of high-performance laser-fusion experiments, is a major obstacle to achieving thermonuclear ignition. Here we report a statistical approach that was used to design and quantitatively predict the results of implosions of solid deuterium-tritium targets carried out with the 30-kilojoule OMEGA laser system, leading to tripling of the fusion yield to its highest value so far for direct-drive laser fusion. When scaled to the laser energies of the National Ignition Facility (1.9 megajoules), these targets are predicted to produce a fusion energy output of about 500 kilojoules-several times larger than the fusion yields currently achieved at that facility. This approach could guide the exploration of the vast parameter space of thermonuclear ignition conditions and enhance our understanding of laser-fusion physics.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Gopalaswamy
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA. .,Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA.
| | - R Betti
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA.,Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - J P Knauer
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - N Luciani
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA.,Dipartimento di Energetica, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - D Patel
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - K M Woo
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA.,Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - A Bose
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA.,Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - I V Igumenshchev
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - E M Campbell
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - K S Anderson
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - K A Bauer
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - M J Bonino
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - D Cao
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - A R Christopherson
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - G W Collins
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - T J B Collins
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - J R Davies
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - J A Delettrez
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - D H Edgell
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - R Epstein
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - C J Forrest
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - D H Froula
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - V Y Glebov
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - V N Goncharov
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - D R Harding
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - S X Hu
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - D W Jacobs-Perkins
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - R T Janezic
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - J H Kelly
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - O M Mannion
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA.,Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - A Maximov
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - F J Marshall
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - D T Michel
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - S Miller
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - S F B Morse
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - J Palastro
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - J Peebles
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - P B Radha
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - S P Regan
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - S Sampat
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - T C Sangster
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - A B Sefkow
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - W Seka
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - R C Shah
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - W T Shmyada
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - A Shvydky
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - C Stoeckl
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - A A Solodov
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - W Theobald
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - J D Zuegel
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - M Gatu Johnson
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - R D Petrasso
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - C K Li
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - J A Frenje
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
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5
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Regan SP, Goncharov VN, Sangster TC, Campbell EM, Betti R, Anderson KS, Bernat T, Bose A, Boehly TR, Bonino MJ, Cao D, Chapman R, Collins TJB, Craxton RS, Davis AK, Delettrez JA, Edgell DH, Epstein R, Farrell M, Forrest CJ, Frenje JA, Froula DH, Johnson MG, Gibson C, Glebov VY, Greenwood A, Harding DR, Hohenberger M, Hu SX, Huang H, Hund J, Igumenshchev IV, Jacobs-Perkins DW, Janezic RT, Karasik M, Keck RL, Kelly JH, Kessler TJ, Knauer JP, Kosc TZ, Loucks SJ, Marozas JA, Marshall FJ, McCrory RL, McKenty PW, Meyerhofer DD, Michel DT, Myatt JF, Obenschain SP, Petrasso RD, Petta N, Radha PB, Rosenberg MJ, Schmitt AJ, Schmitt MJ, Schoff M, Seka W, Shmayda WT, Shoup MJ, Shvydky A, Solodov AA, Stoeckl C, Sweet W, Taylor C, Taylor R, Theobald W, Ulreich J, Wittman MD, Woo KM, Zuegel JD. The National Direct-Drive Program: OMEGA to the National Ignition Facility. Fusion Science and Technology 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/15361055.2017.1397487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. P. Regan
- University of Rochester, Laboratory for Laser Energetics, Rochester, New York
| | - V. N. Goncharov
- University of Rochester, Laboratory for Laser Energetics, Rochester, New York
| | - T. C. Sangster
- University of Rochester, Laboratory for Laser Energetics, Rochester, New York
| | - E. M. Campbell
- University of Rochester, Laboratory for Laser Energetics, Rochester, New York
| | - R. Betti
- University of Rochester, Laboratory for Laser Energetics, Rochester, New York
| | - K. S. Anderson
- University of Rochester, Laboratory for Laser Energetics, Rochester, New York
| | - T. Bernat
- Schafer Corporation, Livermore, California
| | - A. Bose
- University of Rochester, Laboratory for Laser Energetics, Rochester, New York
| | - T. R. Boehly
- University of Rochester, Laboratory for Laser Energetics, Rochester, New York
| | - M. J. Bonino
- University of Rochester, Laboratory for Laser Energetics, Rochester, New York
| | - D. Cao
- University of Rochester, Laboratory for Laser Energetics, Rochester, New York
| | - R. Chapman
- University of Rochester, Laboratory for Laser Energetics, Rochester, New York
| | - T. J. B. Collins
- University of Rochester, Laboratory for Laser Energetics, Rochester, New York
| | - R. S. Craxton
- University of Rochester, Laboratory for Laser Energetics, Rochester, New York
| | - A. K. Davis
- University of Rochester, Laboratory for Laser Energetics, Rochester, New York
| | - J. A. Delettrez
- University of Rochester, Laboratory for Laser Energetics, Rochester, New York
| | - D. H. Edgell
- University of Rochester, Laboratory for Laser Energetics, Rochester, New York
| | - R. Epstein
- University of Rochester, Laboratory for Laser Energetics, Rochester, New York
| | | | - C. J. Forrest
- University of Rochester, Laboratory for Laser Energetics, Rochester, New York
| | - J. A. Frenje
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - D. H. Froula
- University of Rochester, Laboratory for Laser Energetics, Rochester, New York
| | - M. Gatu Johnson
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - C. Gibson
- General Atomics, San Diego, California
| | - V. Yu. Glebov
- University of Rochester, Laboratory for Laser Energetics, Rochester, New York
| | | | - D. R. Harding
- University of Rochester, Laboratory for Laser Energetics, Rochester, New York
| | - M. Hohenberger
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California
| | - S. X. Hu
- University of Rochester, Laboratory for Laser Energetics, Rochester, New York
| | - H. Huang
- General Atomics, San Diego, California
| | - J. Hund
- Schafer Corporation, Livermore, California
| | - I. V. Igumenshchev
- University of Rochester, Laboratory for Laser Energetics, Rochester, New York
| | | | - R. T. Janezic
- University of Rochester, Laboratory for Laser Energetics, Rochester, New York
| | - M. Karasik
- Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - R. L. Keck
- University of Rochester, Laboratory for Laser Energetics, Rochester, New York
| | - J. H. Kelly
- University of Rochester, Laboratory for Laser Energetics, Rochester, New York
| | - T. J. Kessler
- University of Rochester, Laboratory for Laser Energetics, Rochester, New York
| | - J. P. Knauer
- University of Rochester, Laboratory for Laser Energetics, Rochester, New York
| | - T. Z. Kosc
- University of Rochester, Laboratory for Laser Energetics, Rochester, New York
| | - S. J. Loucks
- University of Rochester, Laboratory for Laser Energetics, Rochester, New York
| | - J. A. Marozas
- University of Rochester, Laboratory for Laser Energetics, Rochester, New York
| | - F. J. Marshall
- University of Rochester, Laboratory for Laser Energetics, Rochester, New York
| | - R. L. McCrory
- University of Rochester, Laboratory for Laser Energetics, Rochester, New York
| | - P. W. McKenty
- University of Rochester, Laboratory for Laser Energetics, Rochester, New York
| | | | - D. T. Michel
- University of Rochester, Laboratory for Laser Energetics, Rochester, New York
| | - J. F. Myatt
- University of Rochester, Laboratory for Laser Energetics, Rochester, New York
| | | | - R. D. Petrasso
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - N. Petta
- Schafer Corporation, Livermore, California
| | - P. B. Radha
- University of Rochester, Laboratory for Laser Energetics, Rochester, New York
| | - M. J. Rosenberg
- University of Rochester, Laboratory for Laser Energetics, Rochester, New York
| | - A. J. Schmitt
- Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - M. J. Schmitt
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico
| | - M. Schoff
- General Atomics, San Diego, California
| | - W. Seka
- University of Rochester, Laboratory for Laser Energetics, Rochester, New York
| | - W. T. Shmayda
- University of Rochester, Laboratory for Laser Energetics, Rochester, New York
| | - M. J. Shoup
- University of Rochester, Laboratory for Laser Energetics, Rochester, New York
| | - A. Shvydky
- University of Rochester, Laboratory for Laser Energetics, Rochester, New York
| | - A. A. Solodov
- University of Rochester, Laboratory for Laser Energetics, Rochester, New York
| | - C. Stoeckl
- University of Rochester, Laboratory for Laser Energetics, Rochester, New York
| | - W. Sweet
- General Atomics, San Diego, California
| | - C. Taylor
- University of Rochester, Laboratory for Laser Energetics, Rochester, New York
| | - R. Taylor
- University of Rochester, Laboratory for Laser Energetics, Rochester, New York
| | - W. Theobald
- University of Rochester, Laboratory for Laser Energetics, Rochester, New York
| | - J. Ulreich
- University of Rochester, Laboratory for Laser Energetics, Rochester, New York
| | - M. D. Wittman
- University of Rochester, Laboratory for Laser Energetics, Rochester, New York
| | - K. M. Woo
- University of Rochester, Laboratory for Laser Energetics, Rochester, New York
| | - J. D. Zuegel
- University of Rochester, Laboratory for Laser Energetics, Rochester, New York
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