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Inamdar SZ, Lakshmi GS, Pradeepthi K, Kulkarni RV, Kotnal RB. Development and Evaluation of Medication Reconciliation Checklist Tool to Improve Patient Safety. BLDE Univ J Health Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.4103/2468-838x.303818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Viswanathaswamy AHM, Koti BC, Gore A, Thippeswamy AHM, Kulkarni RV. Antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic activity of plectranthus amboinicus on normal and alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Indian J Pharm Sci 2012; 73:139-45. [PMID: 22303055 PMCID: PMC3267296 DOI: 10.4103/0250-474x.91572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2010] [Revised: 03/15/2011] [Accepted: 03/20/2011] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study was undertaken to investigate the antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic effects of ethanol extract of Plectranthus amboinicus in normal and alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced in Wistar rats by single intraperitoneal administration of alloxan monohydrate (150 mg/kg). Normal as well as diabetic rats were divided into groups (n=6) receiving different treatments. Graded doses (200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg) of ethanol extract of Plectranthus amboinicus were studied in both normal and alloxan-induced diabetic rats for a period of 15 days. Glibenclamide (600 μg/kg) was used as a reference drug. Oral administration with graded doses of ethanol extract of Plectranthus amboinicus exhibited hypoglycemic effect in normal rats and significantly reduced the peak glucose levels after 120 min of glucose loading. In alloxan-induced diabetic rats, the daily oral treatment with ethanol extract of Plectranthus amboinicus showed a significant reduction in blood glucose. Besides, administration of ethanol extract of Plectranthus amboinicus for 15 days significantly decreased serum contents of total cholesterol, triglycerides whereas HDL-cholesterol, total proteins and calcium were effectively increased. Furthermore, effect of ethanol extract of Plectranthus amboinicus showed profound elevation of serum amylase and reduction of serum lipase. Histology examination showed ethanol extract of Plectranthus amboinicus exhibited almost normalization of damaged pancreatic architecture in rats with diabetes mellitus. Studies clearly demonstrated that ethanol extract of Plectranthus amboinicus leaves possesses hypoglycemic and antihyperlipidemic effects mediated through the restoration of the functions of pancreatic tissues and insulinotropic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- A H M Viswanathaswamy
- Department of Pharmacology, KLE University College of Pharmacy, Vidyanagar, Hubli-580 031, India
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Heinrichs S, Kulkarni RV, Bueso-Ramos CE, Levine RL, Loh ML, Li C, Neuberg D, Kornblau SM, Issa JP, Gilliland DG, Garcia-Manero G, Kantarjian HM, Estey EH, Look AT. Accurate detection of uniparental disomy and microdeletions by SNP array analysis in myelodysplastic syndromes with normal cytogenetics. Leukemia 2009; 23:1605-13. [PMID: 19387468 PMCID: PMC2950785 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2009.82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Progress in the management of patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) has been hampered by the inability to detect cytogenetic abnormalities in 40-60% of cases. We prospectively analyzed matched pairs of bone marrow and buccal cell (normal) DNA samples from 51 MDS patients by single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) arrays, and identified somatically acquired clonal genomic abnormalities in 21 patients (41%). Among the 33 patients with normal bone marrow cell karyotypes, five (15%) had clonal, somatically acquired aberrations by SNP array analysis, including four with segmental uniparental disomies (UPD) and one with three separate microdeletions. Each abnormality was detected more readily in CD34+ cells then in unselected bone marrow cells. Paired analysis of bone marrow and buccal cell DNA from each patient was necessary to distinguish true clonal genomic abnormalities from inherited copy number variations and regions with apparent LOH. UPDs affecting chromosome 7q were identified in two patients who had a rapidly deteriorating clinical course despite a low-risk International Prognostic Scoring System score (IPSS). Further studies of larger numbers of patients will be needed to determine whether 7q UPD detected by SNP array analysis will identify higher-risk MDS patients at diagnosis, analogous to those with 7q cytogenetic abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Heinrichs
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Abstract
Recent research has highlighted several examples wherein bacterial cell fate is determined by precise subcellular localisation of proteins. A prominent example is the polar localisation and oscillation of the Min proteins which is necessary for accurate cell division in Escherichia coli. Several computational models have been proposed which reproduce the oscillatory behaviour and observed phenotypes. However, these models use varying assumptions to do so leading to different mechanisms for precise polar localisation of MinD zones. To gain further insight, the authors extend a simplified model which focused on some key processes to explain the observed length scale for MinD zone formation. Using analytical approaches and numerical simulations, the authors explore cellular MinD distributions produced by these processes and propose a mechanism for precise polar localisation of MinD.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Xu
- Virginia Polytechnic and State University, Department of Physics, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
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Kulkarni RV, Biswanath S. Electrically responsive smart hydrogels in drug delivery: a review. J Appl Biomater Biomech 2007; 5:125-139. [PMID: 20799182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Recently, much of the research activity has been focused on the development of stimuli-responsive hydrogels. Such hydrogels can show a response to the external or internal stimuli in the form of rapid changes in the physical nature of the polymeric network. This hydrogel property can be utilized for drug delivery applications. A literature search suggests that current research related to stimuli responsive drug delivery systems deals with temperature sensitive, pH sensitive, glucose sensitive and bio-molecule sensitive hydrogels. Electrically responsive hydrogels have also been recently developed in the form of gel matrices, implants and membranes for drug delivery. Control over the release of drugs such as quantity and timing, is essential to optimize drug therapy. Reports say that the electrically controlled in vitro and in vivo drug release studies have been carried out on polyelectrolyte hydrogels. A pulsatile pattern of drug release was achieved with the alternative application and removal of the electrical stimulus. This article gives an overview of the latest developments in the formulation of drug delivery systems using electrically responsive hydrogels.
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Affiliation(s)
- R V Kulkarni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Center for Advanced Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jadavpur University, Kolkata - India
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Almaas E, Kulkarni RV, Stroud D. Scaling properties of random walks on small-world networks. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 2003; 68:056105. [PMID: 14682844 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.68.056105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2003] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Using both numerical simulations and scaling arguments, we study the behavior of a random walker on a one-dimensional small-world network. For the properties we study, we find that the random walk obeys a characteristic scaling form. These properties include the average number of distinct sites visited by the random walker, the mean-square displacement of the walker, and the distribution of first-return times. The scaling form has three characteristic time regimes. At short times, the walker does not see the small-world shortcuts and effectively probes an ordinary Euclidean network in d dimensions. At intermediate times, the properties of the walker shows scaling behavior characteristic of an infinite small-world network. Finally, at long times, the finite size of the network becomes important, and many of the properties of the walker saturate. We propose general analytical forms for the scaling properties in all three regimes, and show that these analytical forms are consistent with our numerical simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Almaas
- Department of Physics, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA.
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Abstract
We apply a theoretical aggregation model to laboratory and epidemiological prion disease incubation time data. In our model, slow growth of misfolded protein aggregates from small initial seeds controls the latent or lag phase; aggregate fissioning and subsequent spreading leads to an exponential growth phase. Our model accounts for the striking reproducibility of incubation times for high dose inoculation of lab animals. In particular, low dose yields broad incubation time distributions, and increasing dose narrows distributions and yields sharply defined onset times. We also explore how incubation time statistics depend upon aggregate morphology. We apply our model to fit the experimental dose-incubation curves for distinct strains of scrapie, and explain logarithmic variation at high dose and deviations from logarithmic behavior at low dose. We use this to make testable predictions for infectivity time-course experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- R V Kulkarni
- Department of Physics, University of California, Davis, California, USA.
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Nadgir DB, Ramdas R, Kulkarni RV, Oak PJ, Shah AB. Cavernous sinus syndrome due to syphilitic pachymeningitis. Neurol India 2003; 51:289-90. [PMID: 14571041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
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Abstract
We give exact relations for small-world networks (SWN's) which are independent of the "degree distribution," i.e., the distribution of nearest-neighbor connections. For the original SWN model, we illustrate how these exact relations can be used to obtain approximations for the corresponding basic probability distribution. In the limit of large system sizes and small disorder, we use numerical studies to obtain a functional fit for this distribution. Finally, we obtain the scaling properties for the mean-square displacement of a random walker, which are determined by the scaling behavior of the underlying SWN.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Almaas
- Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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Abstract
We present a two-dimensional, lattice based, protein-level statistical mechanical model for prion diseases (e.g., mad cow disease) with concomitant prion protein misfolding and aggregation. Our studies lead us to the hypothesis that the observed broad incubation time distribution in epidemiological data reflect fluctuation dominated growth seeded by a few nanometer scale aggregates, while much narrower incubation time distributions for innoculated lab animals arise from statistical self-averaging. We model "species barriers" to prion infection and assess a related treatment protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Slepoy
- Department of Physics, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA
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Kulkarni RV, Almaas E, Stroud D. Exact results and scaling properties of small-world networks. Phys Rev E Stat Phys Plasmas Fluids Relat Interdiscip Topics 2000; 61:4268-4271. [PMID: 11088222 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.61.4268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/1999] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We study the distribution function for minimal paths in small-world networks. We derive its general form, which we verify numerically, and also discuss its scaling properties. Using the general form of this distribution function, we derive exact expressions for the average minimal distance &lmacr; and its variance sigma(2). Finally, we study the limit of large system sizes and obtain some approximate results.
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Affiliation(s)
- RV Kulkarni
- Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
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Ghosh B, Reddy LH, Kulkarni RV, Khanam J. Comparison of skin permeability of drugs in mice and human cadaver skin. Indian J Exp Biol 2000; 38:42-5. [PMID: 11233083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
In vitro percutaneous absorption of four antihypertensive drugs were carried out across the mice and human cavader skin in order to compare their skin permeability. An interesting trend was noticed in these experiments. Poorly water soluble drug prazosin hydrochloride showed 13 times enhanced flux in the mice skin whereas the steady-state flux of the water soluble drug propranolol hydrochloride was almost same in both human cadaver and mice skin. The permeation rate of prazosin hydrochloride and propranolol hydrochloride through the human cadaver skin fluctuated widely over time, but in mice skin, distinct trends were noticed. The study indicates that the overall permeation rate in mice skin is higher than that in the cadaver skin and the meeting of the target-flux in mice skin does not guarantee its good permeability in human skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Ghosh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, V.L. College of Pharmacy, Raichur 584 101, India
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