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Pessina S, Palmieri L, Bianco L, Gassmann J, van de Weg E, Visser RGF, Magnago P, Schouten HJ, Bai Y, Riccardo Velasco R, Malnoy M. Frequency of a natural truncated allele of MdMLO19 in the germplasm of Malus domestica. Mol Breed 2017; 37:7. [PMID: 28127253 PMCID: PMC5214879 DOI: 10.1007/s11032-016-0610-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Podosphaera leucotricha is the causal agent of powdery mildew (PM) in apple. To reduce the amount of fungicides required to control this pathogen, the development of resistant apple cultivars should become a priority. Resistance to PM was achieved in various crops by knocking out specific members of the MLO gene family that are responsible for PM susceptibility (S-genes). In apple, the knockdown of MdMLO19 resulted in PM resistance. However, since gene silencing technologies such as RNAi are perceived unfavorably in Europe, a different approach that exploits this type of resistance is needed. This work evaluates the presence of non-functional naturally occurring alleles of MdMLO19 in apple germplasm. The screening of the re-sequencing data of 63 apple individuals led to the identification of 627 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in five MLO genes (MdMLO5, MdMLO7, MdMLO11, MdMLO18, and MdMLO19), 127 of which were located in exons. The T-1201 insertion of a single nucleotide in MdMLO19 caused the formation of an early stop codon, resulting in a truncated protein lacking 185 amino acids, including the calmodulin-binding domain. The presence of the insertion was evaluated in 115 individuals. It was heterozygous in 64 and homozygous in 25. Twelve of the 25 individuals carrying the insertion in homozygosity were susceptible to PM. After barley, pea, cucumber, and tomato, apple would be the fifth species for which a natural non-functional mlo allele has been found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Pessina
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via Edmund Mach 1, 38010 San Michele all’Adige, Italy
- Wageningen UR Plant Breeding, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 386, 6700 AJ Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Luisa Palmieri
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via Edmund Mach 1, 38010 San Michele all’Adige, Italy
| | - Luca Bianco
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via Edmund Mach 1, 38010 San Michele all’Adige, Italy
| | - Jennifer Gassmann
- Agroscope, Institute for Plant Production Sciences IPS, Schloss 1, 8820 Wädenswil, Switzerland
| | - Eric van de Weg
- Wageningen UR Plant Breeding, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 386, 6700 AJ Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Richard G. F. Visser
- Wageningen UR Plant Breeding, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 386, 6700 AJ Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Pierluigi Magnago
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via Edmund Mach 1, 38010 San Michele all’Adige, Italy
| | - Henk J. Schouten
- Wageningen UR Plant Breeding, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 386, 6700 AJ Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Yuling Bai
- Wageningen UR Plant Breeding, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 386, 6700 AJ Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - R. Riccardo Velasco
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via Edmund Mach 1, 38010 San Michele all’Adige, Italy
| | - Mickael Malnoy
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via Edmund Mach 1, 38010 San Michele all’Adige, Italy
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