Peptide receptor radionuclide therapy induced carcinoid crisis: A case report

Peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) is a therapeutic option in inoperable or metastatic neuroendocrine tumours (NETs). PRRT proved to be promising in prolonging survival and delaying disease progression in patients with advanced bronchopulmonary carcinoid. However, it may lead to worsening of carcinoid symptoms or even precipitate carcinoid crises. The incidence of PRRT induced carcinoid crisis would be between 1-10%. This usually takes place during the first PRRT cycle, either during the tracer infusion or 12-48 hours' post-administration. We report a 62-year-old man with underlying metastatic lung carcinoid tumour who developed carcinoid crisis at 10 hours after receiving PRRT. The carcinoid crisis was successfully treated with intravenous octreotide infusion, corticosteroid, a selective 5-HT3 receptor antagonist, parenteral ranitidine and chlorpheniramine for H1 and H2 antagonism respectively.

Synthesis, structural elucidation, antioxidant, CT-DNA binding and molecular docking studies of novel chloroquinoline derivatives: Promising antioxidant and anti-diabetic agents

The synthesized novel chloroquinoline derivatives 1-(2-chloro-4-phenylquinolin-3-yl)ethanone (CPQE), 1-(2,6-dichloro-4-phenylquinolin-3-yl)ethanone (DCPQE), methyl 2,6-dichloro-4-phenylquinoline-3-carboxylate (MDCPQC),methyl 2-chloro-4-methylquinoline-3-carboxylate (MCMQC) were subjected to the elementary analysis like FT-IR, NMR and Mass spectra using GCMS. Also, single crystal X-ray diffraction study was executed for the compound MDCPQC. The crystal packing is stabilized by C-H…π and π-π interactions and also Chlorine-Chlorine short intermolecular contacts generating a three-dimensional supramolecular network. The antioxidant activity reduces high glucose level in the human body and hence the synthesized compounds were subjected for the estimation of antioxidant activity using DPPH method which exhibited good percentage of inhibition in comparison with ascorbic acid, a well-known anti-oxidant. The binding interaction of the chloroquinoline derivatives with calf thymus DNA (CT-DNA) has been explored by fluorescence quenching studies and molecular docking analysis has been employed to confirm the nature of binding. The prediction of pharmacological properties such as drug-likeness, molecular properties like absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity (ADMET) was carried out by computational studies to compare chloroquinoline derivatives with standard drug. Owing to the various potential biological activities of the quinoline compounds, molecular docking studies were also further carried out for the chloroquinoline derivatives, showing that they may act as effective anti-diabetic agents by inhibiting Glycogen Phosphorylase a protein.

In-vitro anti-inflammatory and mosquito larvicidal efficacy of nickel nanoparticles phytofabricated from aqueous leaf extracts of Aegle marmelos Correa

In recent years there is a tremendous growth in the interdisciplinary world of nanotechnology across the globe and emergence of its potential applications remains as a big revolution to the industry. Fusion of green nanotechnology and medicine represents one of the major breakthroughs of modern science with the aim of developing nanomaterials for diagnosis, treatment, prevention of various diseases and overall improving health for the beneficial of mankind. In the present study phytofabrication of nickel nanoparticles (nickel NPs) was carried out by using indigenous Aegle marmelos Correa aqueous leaf extracts as a reducing, stabilizing and capping agents. Nickel NPs were characterized by UV-spectroscopy, FTIR, XRD, SEM, AFM and TGA studies. Phytosynthesis of nickel NPs was monitored both at room temperature (25°C) and at 60°C for 5h. The green synthesis of triangular shape nickel NPs phytofabricated from A. marmelos Correa aqueous leaf extracts having face centered cubic structure showing an average particle size of 80-100nm which is in consistent with the particle size calculated by XRD Scherer equation. We further explored and compared nickel NPs of A. marmelos Correa with crude leaf extracts of A. marmelos Correa for its in-vitro anti-inflammatory and mosquito larvicidal efficacy against three blood feeding parasites. The results obtained clearly gives an idea that nickel NPs of A. marmelos Correa (NiNPs of AmC) possess an enhanced anti-inflammatory and larvicidal activity when compared to crude leaf extracts of A. marmelos Correa.

Knowledge and awareness of diabetes in urban and rural India: The Indian Council of Medical Research India Diabetes Study (Phase I): Indian Council of Medical Research India Diabetes 4

BACKGROUND

Representative data on knowledge and awareness about diabetes is scarce in India and is extremely important to plan public health policies aimed at preventing and controlling diabetes.

AIM

The aim of the following study is to assess awareness and knowledge about diabetes in the general population, as well as in individuals with diabetes in four selected regions of India.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

The study subjects were drawn from a representative sample of four geographical regions of India, Chandigarh, Tamil Nadu, Jharkhand and Maharashtra representing North, South, East and West and covering a population of 213 million. A total of 16,607 individuals (5112 urban and 11,495 rural) aged ≥20 years were selected from 188 urban and 175 rural areas. Awareness of diabetes and knowledge of causative factors and complications of diabetes were assessed using an interviewer administered structured questionnaire in 14,274 individuals (response rate, 86.0%), which included 480 self-reported diabetic subjects.

RESULTS

Only 43.2% (6160/14,274) of the overall study population had heard about a condition called diabetes. Overall urban residents had higher awareness rates (58.4%) compared to rural residents (36.8%) (P < 0.001). About 46.7% of males and 39.6% of females reported that they knew about a condition called diabetes (P < 0.001). Of the general population, 41.5% (5726/13,794) knew about a condition called diabetes. Among them, 80.7% (4620/5726) knew that the prevalence of diabetes was increasing, whereas among diabetic subjects, it was 93.0% (448/480). Among the general and diabetic population, 56.3% and 63.4% respectively, were aware that diabetes could be prevented. Regarding complications, 51.5% of the general population and 72.7% diabetic population knew that diabetes could affect other organs. Based on a composite knowledge score to assess knowledge among the general population, Tamil Nadu had the highest (31.7) and Jharkhand the lowest score (16.3). However among self-reported diabetic subjects, Maharashtra had the highest (70.1) and Tamil Nadu, the lowest score (56.5).

CONCLUSION

Knowledge and awareness about diabetes in India, particularly in rural areas, is poor. This underscores the need for conducting large scale diabetes awareness and education programs.

Potential anti-bacterial agents: montmorillonite clay-catalyzed synthesis of novel 2-(3,5-substituted-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-3-substituted quinolines and their in silico molecular docking studies

A series of 2-(3,5-substituted-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-3-substituted quinolines 5a–g, were obtained utilizing Montmorillonite clay K-10 as a catalyst in an eco-friendly methodology.

One-step biofabrication of copper nanoparticles from Aegle marmelos correa aqueous leaf extract and evaluation of its anti-inflammatory and mosquito larvicidal efficacy

Biofabrication of CuNps from AmC aqueous leaf extract of various sizes with good anti-inflammatory and mosquito larvicidal efficacy.

Synthesis, spectral characterization and larvicidal activity of acridin-1(2H)-one analogues

Acridin-1(2H)-one analogue of 7-chloro-3,4-dihydro-9-phenyl-2-[(pyridine-2yl) methylene] acridin-1(2H)-one, 5 was prepared by using 7-chloro-3,4-dihydro-9-phenylacridin-1(2H)-one, 3 and picolinaldehyde, 4 in the presence of KOH at room temperature. These compounds were characterized by analytical and spectral analyses. The purpose of the present study was to assess the efficacy of larvicidal and repellent activity of synthesized 7-chloro-3,4-dihydro-9-phenyl-acridin-1(2H)-one analogues such as compounds 3 and 5 against the early fourth instar larvae of filariasis vector, Culex quinquefasciatus and Japanese encephalitis vector, Culex gelidus (Diptera: Culicidae). The compound exhibited high larvicidal effects at 50mg/L against both the mosquitoes with LC(50) values of 25.02 mg/L (r(2)=0.998) and 26.40 mg/L (r(2)=0.988) against C. quinquefasciatus and C. gelidus, respectively. The 7-chloro-3,4-dihydro-9-phenyl-acridin-1(2H)-one analogues that are reported for the first time to our best of knowledge can be better explored for the control of mosquito population. This is an ideal ecofriendly approach for the control of Japanese encephalitis vectors, C. quinquefasciatus and C. gelidus.

Prevalence of diabetes and prediabetes (impaired fasting glucose and/or impaired glucose tolerance) in urban and rural India: phase I results of the Indian Council of Medical Research-INdia DIABetes (ICMR-INDIAB) study

AIMS/HYPOTHESIS

This study reports the results of the first phase of a national study to determine the prevalence of diabetes and prediabetes (impaired fasting glucose and/or impaired glucose tolerance) in India.

METHODS

A total of 363 primary sampling units (188 urban, 175 rural), in three states (Tamilnadu, Maharashtra and Jharkhand) and one union territory (Chandigarh) of India were sampled using a stratified multistage sampling design to survey individuals aged ≥ 20 years. The prevalence rates of diabetes and prediabetes were assessed by measurement of fasting and 2 h post glucose load capillary blood glucose.

RESULTS

Of the 16,607 individuals selected for the study, 14,277 (86%) participated, of whom 13,055 gave blood samples. The weighted prevalence of diabetes (both known and newly diagnosed) was 10.4% in Tamilnadu, 8.4% in Maharashtra, 5.3% in Jharkhand, and 13.6% in Chandigarh. The prevalences of prediabetes (impaired fasting glucose and/or impaired glucose tolerance) were 8.3%, 12.8%, 8.1% and 14.6% respectively. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that age, male sex, family history of diabetes, urban residence, abdominal obesity, generalised obesity, hypertension and income status were significantly associated with diabetes. Significant risk factors for prediabetes were age, family history of diabetes, abdominal obesity, hypertension and income status.

CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATIONS

We estimate that, in 2011, Maharashtra will have 6 million individuals with diabetes and 9.2 million with prediabetes, Tamilnadu will have 4.8 million with diabetes and 3.9 million with prediabetes, Jharkhand will have 0.96 million with diabetes and 1.5 million with prediabetes, and Chandigarh will have 0.12 million with diabetes and 0.13 million with prediabetes. Projections for the whole of India would be 62.4 million people with diabetes and 77.2 million people with prediabetes.

2-Chloro-8-methoxyquinoline-3-carbaldehyde

In the title compound, C₁₁H₈ClNO₂, the quinoline fused-ring system is almost planar (r.m.s. deviation = 0.020 Å). The formyl group is slightly bent out of the quinoline plane [deviation of the O atom = 0.371 (2) Å].

2-Chloro-7,8-dimethylquinoline-3-carbaldehyde

All the non-H atoms of the title compound, C₁₂H₁₀ClNO, lie on a crystallographic mirror plane orientated perpendicular to the crystallographic b axis.

2-Chloro-8-methylquinoline-3-carbaldehyde

The quinoline fused-ring system of the title compound, C₁₁H₈ClNO, is planar (r.m.s. deviation = 0.005 Å); the formyl group is slightly bent out of the plane [C—C—C–O1 torsion angles = 8.8 (7) and −172.8 (4)°].

2-Chloro-6-methoxyquinoline-3-carbaldehyde

The quinoline fused-ring system of the title compound, C₁₁H₈ClNO₂, is planar (r.m.s. deviation = 0.0095 Å); the formyl group is slightly bent out of this plane [C—C—C—O torsion angles = −2.4 (3) and 175.9 (2)°].

Ethyl 6-chloro-2-methyl-4-phenyl-quinoline-3-carboxyl-ate

In the title compound, C₁₉H₁₆ClNO₂, the quinoline ring system is planar (r.m.s. deviation = 0.008 Å). The phenyl group and the –CO₂ fragment of the ester unit form dihedral angles of 60.0 (1) and 60.5 (1)°, respectively, with the quinoline ring system.

2-Chloro-quinoline-3-carbaldehyde

The quinolinyl fused ring system of the title compound, C₁₀H₆ClNO, is planar (r.m.s. deviation = 0.018 Å); the formyl group is slightly bent out of the plane of the fused ring system [C—C—C—O torsion angle = 8.2 (3)°].

2-Chloro-benzo[h]quinoline-3-carbaldehyde

The benzo[h]quinolinyl fused-ring of the title compound, C₁₄H₈ClNO, is planar (r.m.s. deviation = 0.016 Å); the formyl group is slightly bent out of the plane [the C—C—C—O torsion angle is 10.7 (4)°].

2-Chloro-6-methyl-quinoline-3-carbaldehyde

The quinolinyl fused-ring of the title compound, C(11)H(8)ClNO, is almost planar (r.m.s. deviation = 0.013 Å); the formyl group is slightly bent out of the plane of the fused ring system [C-C-C-O torsion angle = 13.5 (4)°].

3-Acetyl-6-chloro-1-ethyl-4-phenyl-quinolin-2(1H)-one

In the title compound, C₁₉H₁₆ClNO₂, the dihedral angle between the plane of the phenyl substituent and 3-acetyl­quinoline unit is 75.44 (5)°. The crystal structure is stabilized by inter­molecular C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds

3-(1,3-Dioxolan-2-yl)-2-hydrazino-7-methylquinoline

In the title mol­ecule, C₁₃H₁₅N₃O₂, the dihedral angle between the mean plane of the 1,3-dioxolane group and the 2-hydrazino-7-methyl­isoquinoline unit is 85.21 (5)°. The conformation of the mol­ecule is influenced by bifurcated N—H⋯(O,O) and N—H⋯N intra­molecular hydrogen bonds. In the crystal structure, mol­ecules are linked via inter­molecular N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming extended chains along [001].

1-(4-Chlorophenyl)-2-[(3-phenylisoquinolin-1-yl)sulfanyl]ethanone

The title compound, C₂₃H₁₆ClNOS, exhibits dihedral angles of 11.73 (1) and 66.07 (1)°, respectively, between the mean plane of the isoquinoline system and the attached phenyl ring, and between the isoquinoline system and the chloro­phenyl ring. The dihedral angle between the phenyl and chlorophenyl rings is 54.66 (1)°.

2,4-Dichloro-6-methoxy-quinoline

The title compound, C(10)H(7)Cl(2)NO, features a planar mol-ecule, excluding the methyl H atoms [maximum deviation = 0.0385 (1) Å]. The crystal packing is stabilized by π-π stacking inter-actions across inversion centres [centroid-to-centroid distance = 3.736 (3) Å].

3-Phenyl-isoquinolin-1(2H)-one

The title compound, C₁₅H₁₁NO, consists of a planar isoquinolinone group to which a phenyl ring is attached in a twisted fashion [dihedral angle = 39.44 (4)°]. The crystal packing is dominated by inter­molecular N—H⋯O and C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds which define centrosymmetric dimeric entitities.

3-Phenyl-1-[2-(3-phenyl-isoquinolin-1-yl)-diselan-yl]isoquinoline

The complete molecule of the title compound, C(30)H(20)N(2)Se(2), is generated by a crystallographic inversion centre at the mid-point of the Se-Se bond. The dihedral angle between the isoquinoline-1-selenol group and the phenyl ring is 14.92 (2)°. The herringbone-like packing of the structure is supported by inter-molecular π-π stacking inter-actions with a shortest perpendicular distance between isoquinoline groups of 3.514 Å; the slippage between these ring systems is 0.972 Å, and the distance between the centroids of the six-membered carbon rings is 3.645 (3) Å.

Biochemical study on the protective potential of Nardostachys jatamansi extract on lipid profile and lipid metabolizing enzymes in doxorubicin intoxicated rats

Nardostachys jatamansi is a medicinally important herb of Indian origin used for centuries in Ayurvedic and Unani systems of medicine for the treatment of various ailments. The aim of the present work is to evaluate the effect of ethanolic extract of Nardostachys jatamansi rhizomes on doxorubicin induced myocardial injury with respect to lipid metabolism in serum and heart of Wistar albino rats. Altered lipid metabolism alters the cardiac function which is mainly due to changes in the property of the cardiac cell membrane. Doxorubicin exhibits cardiotoxicity by inhibition of fatty acid oxidation in the heart. The rats treated with a single dose of doxorubicin (15 mg/kg) intraperitoneally showed an increase in serum and cardiac lipids (cholesterol, triglycerides, free fatty acids and phospholipids), along with a significant rise in serum low density lipoproteins (LDL), very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) and drop in high density lipoproteins (HDL) levels, resulting in alteration of serum and cardiac lipid metabolizing enzymes. Pretreatment with a extract of Nardostachys jatamansi (500 mg/kg) orally for seven days to doxorubicin induced rats showed a significant prevention in the lipid status with the activities of the lipid metabolizing enzymes. Histopathological observations were also in correlation with the biochemical parameters. These findings suggest that the protective and hypolipidemic effect of Nardostachys jatamansi against doxorubicin induced myocardial injury in rats could possibly be mediated through its anti lipid peroxidative properties.