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Murray J, Pratt G, Jacob A, Clark F, Blundred R, Fox S, Bishop R, Wheatley K, Khanim F, Bunce C, Drayson M. Single arm phase II trial assessing the safety, compliance with and activity of Bezafibrate and medroxyProgesterone acetate (BaP) therapy against myeloid and lymphoid cancers. Contemp Clin Trials Commun 2019; 14:100361. [PMID: 31011660 PMCID: PMC6463739 DOI: 10.1016/j.conctc.2019.100361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously reported the safety and efficacy of low dose BaP [Bezafibrate (Bez) and Medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA)] in 20 acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) patients for whom chemotherapy was not an option. This study provided evidence that BaP had anti-AML activity and improved haemopoiesis; absence of haematological toxicity allowed continuous daily administration. Similarly a previous trial in endemic Burkitt lymphoma demonstrated anti-B cell lymphoma activity of low and high dose BaP again in the absence of toxicity. We conducted a study to further evaluate the safety and activity of high dose BaP therapy in adults with AML (and high risk Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS)), chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) or B-cell Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (BHNL). Eighteen patients were recruited to the study over 20 months, 16 AML/MDS, 1 CLL, and 1 BNHL. Although MPA was well tolerated throughout the study, only 2 patients were able to tolerate Bez treatment for their whole trial duration, indicating that Bez escalation is not feasible in the setting of adult AML/MDS. Thus there has been no obvious benefit in improved haemopoiesis or overt anti-leukaemia activity from the attempts to escalate BaP dose over previous published studies. Since current therapeutic options in MDS are restricted it may be now of value to continue to evaluate low dose BaP based approaches in low risk MDS rather than AML/high risk MDS. Furthermore, screening of low dose BaP against libraries of other already available dugs may identify an addition to BaP that augments the anti-neoplastic efficacy without significant toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jim Murray
- Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, University Hospital Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - Guy Pratt
- Heartlands Hospital, University Hospital Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - Abe Jacob
- New Cross Hospital, The Royal Wolverhampton Hospitals Trust, UK
| | - Fiona Clark
- Worcestershire Royal Hospital, Worcestershire Acute Hospitals NHS Trust, UK
| | | | - Sonia Fox
- Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit, Birmingham, UK
| | | | | | | | - Chris Bunce
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, UK
| | - Mark Drayson
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, UK
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Blundred R, Yap C, Corner C, Lawton P, Cassell O, McGarr C, Zealley I, Pirrie S, Bowden S, Babrah J, Rodwell S, Harwood C, Steven N. Designing a practice-changing trial for a rare cancer population: The Rational MCC trial of first definitive treatment for Merkel cell carcinoma. Eur J Surg Oncol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2016.07.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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Polo SE, Blackford AN, Chapman JR, Baskcomb L, Gravel S, Rusch A, Thomas A, Blundred R, Smith P, Kzhyshkowska J, Dobner T, Taylor AMR, Turnell AS, Stewart GS, Grand RJ, Jackson SP. Regulation of DNA-end resection by hnRNPU-like proteins promotes DNA double-strand break signaling and repair. Mol Cell 2012; 45:505-16. [PMID: 22365830 PMCID: PMC3550743 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2011.12.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2011] [Revised: 08/26/2011] [Accepted: 12/13/2011] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
DNA double-strand break (DSB) signaling and repair are critical for cell viability, and rely on highly coordinated pathways whose molecular organization is still incompletely understood. Here, we show that heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein U-like (hnRNPUL) proteins 1 and 2 play key roles in cellular responses to DSBs. We identify human hnRNPUL1 and -2 as binding partners for the DSB sensor complex MRE11-RAD50-NBS1 (MRN) and demonstrate that hnRNPUL1 and -2 are recruited to DNA damage in an interdependent manner that requires MRN. Moreover, we show that hnRNPUL1 and -2 stimulate DNA-end resection and promote ATR-dependent signaling and DSB repair by homologous recombination, thereby contributing to cell survival upon exposure to DSB-inducing agents. Finally, we establish that hnRNPUL1 and -2 function downstream of MRN and CtBP-interacting protein (CtIP) to promote recruitment of the BLM helicase to DNA breaks. Collectively, these results provide insights into how mammalian cells respond to DSBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie E. Polo
- The Gurdon Institute, Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK
| | - Andrew N. Blackford
- Cancer Research UK School of Cancer Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - J. Ross Chapman
- The Gurdon Institute, Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK
| | - Linda Baskcomb
- The Gurdon Institute, Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK
| | - Serge Gravel
- The Gurdon Institute, Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK
| | - Andre Rusch
- Heinrich Pette Institute for Experimental Virology and Immunology, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anoushka Thomas
- Cancer Research UK School of Cancer Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Rachel Blundred
- Cancer Research UK School of Cancer Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Philippa Smith
- The Gurdon Institute, Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK
| | - Julia Kzhyshkowska
- Medical Faculty Mannheim, Ruprecht-Karls University of Heidelberg, 68167 Mannheim, Germany, and Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, 125 315 Moscow, Russia
| | - Thomas Dobner
- Heinrich Pette Institute for Experimental Virology and Immunology, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - A. Malcolm R. Taylor
- Cancer Research UK School of Cancer Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Andrew S. Turnell
- Cancer Research UK School of Cancer Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Grant S. Stewart
- Cancer Research UK School of Cancer Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Roger J. Grand
- Cancer Research UK School of Cancer Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Stephen P. Jackson
- The Gurdon Institute, Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK
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Blundred R, Myers K, Helleday T, Goldman ASH, Bryant HE. Human RECQL5 overcomes thymidine-induced replication stress. DNA Repair (Amst) 2010; 9:964-75. [PMID: 20643585 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2010.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2010] [Revised: 06/14/2010] [Accepted: 06/22/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Accurate DNA replication is essential to genome integrity and is controlled by five human RecQ helicases, of which at least three prevent cancer and ageing. Here, we have studied the role of RECQL5, which is the least characterised of the five human RecQ helicases. We demonstrate that overexpressed RECQL5 promotes survival during thymidine-induced slowing of replication forks in human cells. The RECQL5 protein relocates specifically to stalled replication forks and suppresses thymidine-induced RPA foci, CHK1 signalling, homologous recombination and gammaH2AX activation. It is unlikely that RECQL5 promotes survival through translesion synthesis as PCNA ubiquitylation is also reduced. Interestingly, we also found that overexpressing RECQL5 relieves cells of the cell cycle arrest normally imposed by thymidine, but without causing mutations. In conclusion, we propose that RECQL5 stabilises the replication fork allowing replication to overcome the effects of thymidine and complete the cell cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Blundred
- The Institute for Cancer Studies, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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