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The role of indocyanine green fluorescence angiography in ventral hernia repair. Hernia 2024:10.1007/s10029-024-03014-y. [PMID: 38493410 DOI: 10.1007/s10029-024-03014-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
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Universal Digital High Resolution Melt for the detection of pulmonary mold infections. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.09.566457. [PMID: 37986859 PMCID: PMC10659414 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.09.566457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Background Invasive mold infections (IMIs) such as aspergillosis, mucormycosis, fusariosis, and lomentosporiosis are associated with high morbidity and mortality, particularly in immunocompromised patients, with mortality rates as high as 40% to 80%. Outcomes could be substantially improved with early initiation of appropriate antifungal therapy, yet early diagnosis remains difficult to establish and often requires multidisciplinary teams evaluating clinical and radiological findings plus supportive mycological findings. Universal digital high resolution melting analysis (U-dHRM) may enable rapid and robust diagnosis of IMI. This technology aims to accomplish timely pathogen detection at the single genome level by conducting broad-based amplification of microbial barcoding genes in a digital polymerase chain reaction (dPCR) format, followed by high-resolution melting of the DNA amplicons in each digital reaction to generate organism-specific melt curve signatures that are identified by machine learning. Methods A universal fungal assay was developed for U-dHRM and used to generate a database of melt curve signatures for 19 clinically relevant fungal pathogens. A machine learning algorithm (ML) was trained to automatically classify these 19 fungal melt curves and detect novel melt curves. Performance was assessed on 73 clinical bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) samples from patients suspected of IMI. Novel curves were identified by micropipetting U-dHRM reactions and Sanger sequencing amplicons. Results U-dHRM achieved an average of 97% fungal organism identification accuracy and a turn-around-time of 4hrs. Pathogenic molds (Aspergillus, Mucorales, Lomentospora and Fusarium) were detected by U-dHRM in 73% of BALF samples suspected of IMI. Mixtures of pathogenic molds were detected in 19%. U-dHRM demonstrated good sensitivity for IMI, as defined by current diagnostic criteria, when clinical findings were also considered. Conclusions U-dHRM showed promising performance as a separate or combination diagnostic approach to standard mycological tests. The speed of U-dHRM and its ability to simultaneously identify and quantify clinically relevant mold pathogens in polymicrobial samples as well as detect emerging opportunistic pathogens may provide information that could aid in treatment decisions and improve patient outcomes.
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Electrochemical Properties of Nickel(II) Ions in the Presence of Few-Layer Black Phosphorus. RUSS J ELECTROCHEM+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1023193522080080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Multimodal regulation of myosin VI ensemble transport by cargo adaptor protein GIPC. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:101688. [PMID: 35143838 PMCID: PMC8908270 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.101688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A range of cargo adaptor proteins are known to recruit cytoskeletal motors to distinct subcellular compartments. However, the structural impact of cargo recruitment on motor function is poorly understood. Here, we dissect the multimodal regulation of myosin VI activity through the cargo adaptor GAIP-interacting protein, C terminus (GIPC), whose overexpression with this motor in cancer enhances cell migration. Using a range of biophysical techniques, including motility assays, FRET-based conformational sensors, optical trapping, and DNA origami-based cargo scaffolds to probe the individual and ensemble properties of GIPC-myosin VI motility, we report that the GIPC myosin-interacting region (MIR) releases an autoinhibitory interaction within myosin VI. We show that the resulting conformational changes in the myosin lever arm, including the proximal tail domain, increase the flexibility of the adaptor-motor linkage, and that increased flexibility correlates with faster actomyosin association and dissociation rates. Taken together, the GIPC MIR-myosin VI interaction stimulates a twofold to threefold increase in ensemble cargo speed. Furthermore, the GIPC MIR-myosin VI ensembles yield similar cargo run lengths as forced processive myosin VI dimers. We conclude that the emergent behavior from these individual aspects of myosin regulation is the fast, processive, and smooth cargo transport on cellular actin networks. Our study delineates the multimodal regulation of myosin VI by the cargo adaptor GIPC, while highlighting linkage flexibility as a novel biophysical mechanism for modulating cellular cargo motility.
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Cargo-motor interaction kinetics regulate myosin VI based transport. Biophys J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2021.11.756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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Multicentric Hospital-Based Surveillance of Pertussis Amongst Infants Admitted in Tertiary Care Facilities in India. Indian Pediatr 2021; 58:709-717. [PMID: 34465657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To estimate the disease and economic burden of pertussis amongst hospitalised infants in India. DESIGN Multicentric hospital-based surveillance study. PARTICIPANTS Hospitalised infants with clinical suspicion of pertussis based on predefined criteria. OUTCOME MEASURES Proportion of infants with laboratory-confirmed pertussis, economic burden of pertussis amongst hospitalised infants. RESULTS 693 clinically suspected infants were recruited of which 32 (4.62%) infants had laboratory-confirmed pertussis. Progressive cough with post-tussive emesis (50%) and pneumonia (34%) were the common clinical presentations; apnea in young infants was significantly associated with pertussis. Infants with pertussis were more likely to be younger (median age 102.5 days vs.157 days) and born preterm (42.9% vs 24.5%). Almost 30% infants with pertussis had not received vaccine for pertussis with 50% of these infants aged less than 2 months. Pertussis was associated with higher costs of hospitalisation, pharmacy and loss of working days by caregivers as compared to non-pertussis cases. CONCLUSIONS Younger infants, those born preterm and those inadequately immunised against pertussis are at higher risk of pertussis infection. Timely childhood immunisation and introduction of maternal immunisation for pertussis can help in reducing the disease burden.
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Multicentric Hospital-Based Surveillance of Pertussis Amongst Infants Admitted in Tertiary Care Facilities in India. Indian Pediatr 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13312-021-2276-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Tumor infiltrating lymphocytes in brain metastases from gynecological malignancies. Gynecol Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2020.05.439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Abstract
We examine the effect of cargo-motor linkage stiffness on the mechanobiological properties of the molecular motor myosin VI. We use the programmability of DNA nanostructures to modulate cargo-motor linkage stiffness and combine it with high-precision optical trapping measurements to measure the effect of linkage stiffness on the motile properties of myosin VI. Our results reveal that a stiff cargo-motor linkage leads to shorter step sizes and load-induced anchoring of myosin VI, while a flexible linkage results in longer steps with frequent detachments from the actin filament under load. Our findings suggest a novel regulatory mechanism for tuning the dual cellular roles of the anchor and transporter ascribed to myosin VI.
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Audit: Quality of Clinical Letters sent by Orthopaedic Surgeons. Int J Surg 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2017.08.439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Estimation of scavenging coefficients for 131 I and 137 Cs over the Pacific Ocean following the Fukushima accident. PROGRESS IN NUCLEAR ENERGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pnucene.2017.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Audit: Is there a benefit to arthroscopy for patients destined for knee replacement? Int J Surg 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2015.07.387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Challenges in reporting surgical site infections to the national surgical site infection surveillance and suggestions for improvement. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 2015; 97:460-5. [PMID: 26320763 PMCID: PMC5126250 DOI: 10.1308/rcsann.2015.0027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mandatory orthopaedic surgical site infection (SSI) data in England are used as a benchmark to compare infection rates between participating hospitals. According to the national guidelines, trusts are required to submit their data for at least one quarter of the year but they are free to report for all quarters. Owing to this ambiguity, there is a concern about robust reporting across trusts and therefore the accuracy of these data. There is also concern about the accuracy of collection methods. The aim of this five-year retrospective study was to assess the accuracy of SSI reporting at two hospitals in South East England under the same trust. METHODS A retrospective review was carried out of five years of electronic medical records, microbiology data and readmission data of all patients who underwent hip and knee replacement surgery at these hospitals. These data were validated with the data submitted to Public Health England (PHE) and any discrepancy between the two was noted. RESULTS A significant difference was found in the SSI rates reported by the surveillance staff and our retrospective method. CONCLUSIONS Our study confirms the findings of a national survey, which raised concerns about the quality of SSI reporting and the usefulness of PHE SSI data for benchmarking purposes. To our knowledge, there are no previously published studies that have looked at the accuracy of the English orthopaedic SSI surveillance. In the light of our findings, there is an urgent need for external validation studies to identify the extent of the problem in the surveillance scheme. The governing bodies should also issue clear guidelines for reporting SSIs to maintain homogeneity and to present the true incidence of SSI. We suggest some measures that we have instituted to address these inadequacies that have led to significant improvements in reporting at our trust.
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Mechanoluminescence of Ba2MgSi2O7doped with Eu2+and Dy3+phosphor by impulsive deformation. LUMINESCENCE 2015; 30:1207-11. [DOI: 10.1002/bio.2882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Revised: 10/11/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Validation of the TRMM Multi Satellite Rainfall Product 3B42 and estimation of scavenging coefficients for (131)I and (137)Cs using TRMM 3B42 rainfall data. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2014; 138:132-136. [PMID: 25222937 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2014.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Revised: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 08/24/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The TRMM rainfall product 3B42 is compared with rain gauge observations for Kaiga, India on monthly and seasonal time scales. This comparison is carried out for the years 2004-2007 spanning four monsoon seasons. A good correlation is obtained between the two data sets however; magnitude wise, the cumulative precipitation of the satellite product on monthly and seasonal time scales is deficient by almost 33-40% as compared to the rain gauge data. The satellite product is also compared with APHRODITE's Monsoon Asia data set on the same time scales. This comparison indicates a much better agreement since both these data sets represent an average precipitation over the same area. The scavenging coefficients for (131)I and (137)Cs are estimated using TRMM 3B42, rain gauge and APHRODITE data. The values obtained using TRMM 3B42 rainfall data compare very well with those obtained using rain gauge and APHRODITE data.
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Cyclooxygenase-2 inhibition attenuates hypoxic cancer cells induced m2-polarization of macrophages. Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand) 2014; 60:10-15. [PMID: 25210855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2014] [Accepted: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), represent a major subpopulation of tumor infiltrating immune cells. These alternatively activated M2-polarized macrophages are well known for their pro-tumor functions. Owing to their established role in potentiating tumor-neovasculogenesis and metastasis, TAMs have emerged as promising target for anti-cancer immunotherapy. One of the key TAMs related phenomenon that is amenable to therapeutic intervention is their phenotype switching into alternatively activated M2-polarized macrophages. Hindering macrophage polarization towards a pro-tumor M2 phenotype, or better still reprogramming the M2 like TAMs towards M1 subtype is being considered a beneficial anti-cancer strategy. Hypoxic tumor milieu has been proposed as one of the most plausible factor governing M2-polarization of macrophages. We recently demonstrated that hypoxic tumor cells imparted a pro—angiogenic M2 skewed phenotype to macrophages. Furthermore, sizeable body of data indicates for participation of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in macrophage polarization. Concordantly, inhibition of COX-2 is associated with impaired macrophage polarization. Prompted by this in the current study we decided to explore if inhibition of COX-2 activity via chemical inhibitors may prevent hypoxic cancer cell induced M2-polarization of macrophages. We observed that treatment with Flunixin meglumine, an established preferential inhibitor of COX-2 activity markedly inhibited hypoxic cancer cell induced of M2-polarization of macrophages thereby indicating for usage of COX-2 inhibition as possible anti-cancer treatment modality.
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PRIMARY AND SECONDARY GLOMERULONEPHRITIDES 2. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfu170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Placental Plasmodiumvivax infection and congenital malaria in central India. ANNALS OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND PARASITOLOGY 2013; 97:875-8. [PMID: 14754501 DOI: 10.1179/000349803225002688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Spatial distribution of fallout 137Cs in the coastal marine environment of India. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2012; 113:71-76. [PMID: 22652195 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2012.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2012] [Revised: 04/10/2012] [Accepted: 04/16/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The data on the fallout (137)Cs in the coastal marine environment assume significance in view of massive expansion of nuclear power plants in the Asia-Pacific region and to fulfill the benchmark study required to evaluate the possible impact of the Fukushima radioactive releases in the Asia-Pacific region. Measurements of (137)Cs in sea water, along with salinity and temperature, were carried out at 30 locations covering the coastal area of the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal. For the present study the Indian coastal area is divided in three different regions. The (137)Cs concentration in sea water of the entire Indian coastal region varies from 0.30 to 1.25 Bq m(-3). The data obtained in the present study was compared with the North Indian Ocean data and it was observed that there is a 33% decrease in the Arabian Sea (region I), 50% in the high rainfall coastal area (region II) and 24% in the Bay of Bengal (region III).
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Estimation of atmospheric dilution factors for trombay site using the air pollution model. RADIATION PROTECTION AND ENVIRONMENT 2011. [DOI: 10.4103/0972-0464.106096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Abstract
Rickets is the failure of mineralization of osteoid and newly formed bones in a child skeleton. It is commonly associated with vitamin D deficiency; however, it can be because of a decrease in the serum phosphate levels leading to inadequate mineralization of cartilage and bone, consequent skeletal deformities, and growth retardation. The hypophosphatemic conditions that interfere in bone mineralization comprise many hereditary or acquired diseases. One of the hereditary types of hypophosphatemic rickets is the familial hypophosphatemic rickets. This rare variety was diagnosed in a 9-year-old patient who had come with a chief complaint of a missing tooth. In the present case, radiographic aspects of oral and systemic manifestations of familial hypophosphatemic rickets are highlighted.
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A Comparative Study on Rat Intestinal Epithelial Cells and Resident Gut Bacteria: (I) Effect of Hexavalent Chromium. Toxicol Mech Methods 2008; 15:331-8. [DOI: 10.1080/153765291009804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Abstract
Radiotherapy mainly involves treatment of patients with malignant tumors. Even with recognition of the risks of late skin injury, carcinogenesis, leukemogenesis, and genetic damage from all ionizing radiation; radiation therapy also continues to be accepted treatment for benign diseases. Before initiation, the quality of irradiation, total dose, overall time, underlying organs at risk, and shielding factors should be considered. Children should be treated with ionizing radiation only in very exceptional cases and after weighing the pros and cons of the therapy. Direct irradiation of skin areas overlying organs that are particularly prone to late effects (e.g. thyroid, eye, gonads, bone marrow and breast) should be avoided. Radiation protection techniques should be used in all instances. The depth of penetration of the x-ray beam should be chosen according to the depth of the pathologic process. Choice of beam energy usually depends on the depth of the target volume; every effort is made to spare normal underlying tissue in superficial lesions. There are a number of other benign conditions that can be treated with radiotherapy; we present a brief overview of some of the commonly encountered conditions.JNMA J Nepal Med Assoc. 2008 Jul-Sep;47(171):151-155.
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Curative interstitial brachytherapy for early stage carcinoma of lip—A case report. J Clin Oncol 2006. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2006.24.18_suppl.15547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
15547 Background: Brachytherapy is potentially useful in the treatment of carcinoma lip. Small cancers of the lip (less than 2 cm) are treated equally well with surgery or radiation therapy with excellent cosmetic and functional results seen in radiation therapy. Methods: We treated an 18-year old male diagnosed as stage 1 carcinoma lip with curative interstitial brachytherapy. Under anaesthesia, three catheters were inserted at 0.5 cm separation through the lesion. Patient was simulated, planned, treated in VARISOURCE (Varian, USA). He received dose of 3 Gy per fraction, two fractions per day at a minimum interval of 6 hours between the two fractions for 6 days. He therefore received a total dose of 36 Gy with High Dose Rate (HDR) Brachytherapy. During treatment, he received hyperalimentaion via naso-gastric tube with intravenous antibiotic prophylaxis. Results: Upper lip swelling occurred in first 12 hours of treatment and remained for 6 days that subsided subsequently. Catheters were removed on 6th day of treatment. Scar formation occurred over the lesion in 1 month’s follow up. In next one month’s follow up, there was no clinical evidence of disease. Cosmetic result was satisfactory. At two months follow, the patient is clinically disease free and has no complaints. Conclusions: Interstiatial brachytherapy is a excellent method for treating early stage carcinoma lips with excellent cosmetic outcome. This kind of treatment is now available in my country at our institution. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Tanacetum parthenium (feverfew) has been used traditionally to treat migraine, and although its mechanism of action is not fully understood, serotonin 5-HT receptor blocking effects have been suggested. T. parthenium and Salix alba (white willow) either alone or in combination (Mig-RL) were recently shown to inhibit binding to 5-HT(2A/2C) receptors; T. parthenium failed to recognise 5-HT(1D) receptors, whereas S. alba or the combination did. It was hypothesised that S. alba in combination with T. parthenium may provide superior migraine prophylactic activity compared with T. parthenium alone. METHODS A prospective, open-label study was performed in 12 patients diagnosed with migraine without aura. Twelve weeks' treatment with T. parthenium 300 mg plus S. alba 300 mg (Mig-RL) twice daily was administered to determine the effects of therapy on migraine attack frequency (primary efficacy criterion), intensity and duration (secondary efficacy criteria), and quality of life, together with tolerability for patients. RESULTS Attack frequency was reduced by 57.2% at 6 weeks (p < 0.029) and by 61.7% at 12 weeks (p < 0.025) in nine of ten patients, with 70% patients having a reduction of at least 50%. Attack intensity was reduced by 38.7% at 6 weeks (p < 0.005) and by 62.6% at 12 weeks (p < 0.004) in ten of ten patients, with 70% of patients having a reduction of at least 50%. Attack duration decreased by 67.2% at 6 weeks (p < 0.001) and by 76.2% at 12 weeks (p < 0.001) in ten of ten patients. Two patients were excluded for reasons unrelated to treatment. Self-assessed general health, physical performance, memory and anxiety also improved by the end of the study. Mig-RL treatment was well tolerated and no adverse events occurred. CONCLUSION The remarkable efficacy of Mig-RL in not only reducing the frequency of migraine attacks but also their pain intensity and duration in this trial warrants further investigation of this therapy in a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled investigation involving a larger patient population.
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Degradation of xenobiotic compounds by lignin-degrading white-rot fungi: enzymology and mechanisms involved. INDIAN JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY 2005; 43:301-12. [PMID: 15875713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
White-rot fungi (WRF) are ubiquitous in nature with their natural ability to compete and survive. WRF are the only organisms known to have the ability to degrade and mineralize recalcitrant plant polymer lignin. Their potential to degrade second most abundant carbon reserve material lignin on the earth make them important link in global carbon cycle. WRF degrade lignin by its unique ligninolytic enzymatic machinery including lignin peroxidase, manganese peroxidase, laccase, cellobiose dehydrogenase, H2O2-generating enzymes, etc. The ligninolytic enzymes system is non-specific, extracellular and free radical based that allows them to degrade structurally diverse range of xenobiotic compounds. Lignin peroxidase and manganese peroxidase carry out direct and indirect oxidation as well as reduction of xenobiotic compounds. Indirect reactions involved redox mediators such as veratryl alcohol and Mn2+. Reduction reactions are carried out by carboxyl, superoxide and semiquinone radicals, etc. Methylation is used as detoxification mechanism by WRF. Highly oxidized chemicals are reduced by transmembrane redox potential. Degradation of a number of environmental pollutants by ligninolytic system of white rot fungi is described in the present review.
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Enzymes of Phanerochaete chrysosporium Burds. and Irpex lacteus (Fr.)Fr.: Decolorization of Dyes and Effluents. Int J Med Mushrooms 2005. [DOI: 10.1615/intjmedmushr.v7.i3.410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Enzymes of Phanerochaete chrysosporium Burds. and Irpex lacteus (Fr.)Fr.: Decolorization of Dyes and Effluents. Int J Med Mushrooms 2005. [DOI: 10.1615/intjmedmushrooms.v7.i3.410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular disease accounts for more than half the number of deaths among dialysis patients. The role of HMG CoA reductase inhibitors (statins) in the treatment of hyperlipidemia in dialysis patients is unclear and their safety has not been established. OBJECTIVES To assess the benefits and harms of statins in peritoneal dialysis (PD) and hemodialysis patients (HD). SEARCH STRATEGY We searched MEDLINE (1966-July 2003), EMBASE (1980-July 2003), the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled trials (CENTRAL, in The Cochrane Library - issue 2, 2004), the Cochrane Renal Group's specialized register (April 2004) and handsearched reference lists of textbooks, articles and scientific proceedings. SELECTION CRITERIA Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and quasi-RCTs comparing statins with placebo, no treatment or other statins in dialysis patients. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two reviewers independently assessed trial quality and extracted data. Statistical analyses were performed using the random effects model after testing for heterogeneity. The results were expressed as weighted mean difference (WMD) for continuous outcomes and relative risk (RR) for dichotomous outcomes with 95% confidence intervals (CI). MAIN RESULTS Six studies involving 357 participants were identified - three studies had both continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) and HD participants, two included only HD participants and one study only included CAPD participants. Studies were all of short duration and morbidity and mortality were not assessed. Average total cholesterol decreased significantly with statins compared to placebo in all dialysis patients (WMD -53.70 mg/dL (1.40 mmol/L), 95% CI -66.95 to -40.54). Similarly, average LDL cholesterol decreased significantly with statins in comparison to placebo in all patients (WMD -55.40 mg/dL (1.44 mmol/L), 95% CI -69.90 to -40.90) as did average triglycerides (-33.72 mg/dL (0.37 mmol/L), 95% CI -54.16 to -13.28). There was a significant increase in average HDL cholesterol levels (WMD 4.84 mg/dL (0.13 mmol/L), 95% CI 0.28 to 9.40) with statins compared to placebo in HD but not in CAPD patients. One trial compared statins to the hypolidemic agent probucol and found no significant differences between the two treatment groups. REVIEWERS' CONCLUSIONS Statins used for 12 weeks decreased cholesterol levels in dialysis patients similar to the general population. Included studies were of short duration and therefore the efficacy of statins in decreasing the cardiovascular, cerebrovascular events and mortality rates is still unclear. The safety of statins needs to be addressed in the current ongoing clinical trials.
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200 PREVALENCE OF SMOKING IN COLLEGE SORORITY WOMEN. J Investig Med 2004. [DOI: 10.1136/jim-52-suppl1-200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Complication of Canal Wall Down Mastoidectomy. JNMA J Nepal Med Assoc 2004. [DOI: 10.31729/jnma.604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
This study reviewed 299 patients who underwent canal wall down mastoidectomy between April 1997 toApril 2000 in the Department of Ear, Nose & Throat (ENT), Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital,Maharajgunj, Kathmandu. Sixty four patients had complications of chronic suppurative otitis mediaatticoantral type and five patients did not come for follow up. Out of remaining 230 patients, modifiedradical mastoidectomy was the commonest type of mastoid surgery which was done in 202 (87.83%)patients. Two hundred twenty four (96.39%) patients had a dry cavity. Nine (3.91%) patients developedwound infection, the commonest postoperative complication seen. Although 6 (2.61%) patients developedfacial nerve paresis/paralysis, 5 (2.18%) patients had total recovery of the facial nerve function and onlyone patient had persistent facial nerve palsy. Intracranial complications were seen in 3 (1.30% ) patientsand recurrence of disease in 2 (0.87%) patients. One patient died of septicemia. Proper aseptic precautionduring and after surgery and adequate knowledge of surgical landmarks is necessary to reducecomplications of surgery.
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Dengue haemorrhagic fever: a global challenge. Indian J Med Microbiol 2004; 22:5-6. [PMID: 17642678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
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Decolorization of sulfonphthalein dyes by manganese peroxidase activity of the white-rot fungusPhanerochaete chrysosporium. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2003; 48:771-4. [PMID: 15058190 DOI: 10.1007/bf02931512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Manganese peroxidase (MnP) was produced by shallow stationary cultures of Phanerochaete chrysosporium growing on N-limited medium. Decolorization of sulfonphthalein (SP) dyes by MnP was investigated. The MnP activity profile and decolorization of SP dyes was correlated and almost all dyes were decolorized at pH 4.0. The influence of various inhibitors on Bromocresol Purple decolorization suggested an oxidative nature of the MnP-catalyzed decolorization of SP dyes.
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E.s.r., magnetic, optical and biological (SOD and antimicrobial) studies of imidazolate bridged Cu(II)-Zn(II) and Cu(II)-Ni(II) complexes with tris(2-amino ethyl)amine as capping ligand: a plausible model for superoxide dismutase. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2003; 59:3111-3122. [PMID: 14583286 DOI: 10.1016/s1386-1425(03)00113-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
X-band e.s.r. and optical absorption spectra of the imidazolate bridged heterobimetallic complexes [(tren)Cu-E-Im-Zn-(tren)](ClO(4))(3) and [(tren)Cu-E-Im-Ni-(tren)](ClO(4))(3), where trentris(2-aminoethyl)amine, E-Im=2-ethylimidazolate ion and the related mononuclear complexes [Cu(tren)](ClO(4))(2) and [(tren)Cu-E-ImH)](ClO(4))(2) have been described. Biological activities (superoxide dismutase and antimicrobial) have also been measured and compared with reported complexes.
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HGM CoA reductase inhibitors (statins) for lowering cholesterol in dialysis patients. THE COCHRANE DATABASE OF SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS 2003. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd004289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Action of an algicide from a cyanobacterium, Oscillatoria laetevirens, on photosystem II. INDIAN JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY 2001; 39:1268-73. [PMID: 12018523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Oscillatoria laetevirens produces an algicide, named oscillatorin (OS), which inhibits growth of higher plants. Effect of purified oscillatorin and some 'urea-triazine type' herbicides was studied on photosystem II activity and composition of pigment protein complex in spinach thylakoid membrane. For oscillatorin the I50 at 10 microg chlorophyll concentration, inhibitor constant (Ki), specific binding sites and Hill coefficient were calculated to be 1.45, 0.15, 2.3 and 0.2 microM respectively. Metribuzin and oscillatorin affected towards the donor side and brought about identical changes in polypeptide composition of PSII complex. Further, metribuzin and atrazine exerted antagonistic and synergistic responses on oscillatorin action. Some of these parameters were also studied on weed plants to assess upon the weedicidal potential of oscillatorin.
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Abstract
The localization of substance P in brain regions that coordinate stress responses and receive convergent monoaminergic innervation suggested that substance P antagonists might have psychotherapeutic properties. Like clinically used antidepressant and anxiolytic drugs, substance P antagonists suppressed isolation-induced vocalizations in guinea pigs. In a placebo-controlled trial in patients with moderate to severe major depression, robust antidepressant effects of the substance P antagonist MK-869 were consistently observed. In preclinical studies, substance P antagonists did not interact with monoamine systems in the manner seen with established antidepressant drugs. These findings suggest that substance P may play an important role in psychiatric disorders.
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MEIC Evaluation of Acute Systemic Toxicity: Part VI. The Prediction of Human Toxicity by Rodent LD50 Values and Results From 61 In Vitro Methods. Altern Lab Anim 1998; 26 Suppl 2:617-658. [PMID: 26042663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
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Comparison of amitriptyline metabolism in hepatocytes from streptozocin-induced diabetic rats and from non-diabetic rats. Cell Biol Toxicol 1997; 13:131-7. [PMID: 9049103 DOI: 10.1023/b:cbto.0000010398.63757.4c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Biotransformation of amitriptyline (AMI) was studied at different intervals in freshly isolated hepatocytes from healthy or streptozocin-induced diabetic rats in order to investigate the influence of the diabetic state. Levels of free and conjugated AMI, demethylated and hydroxylated metabolites, were assessed by HPLC analysis. In hepatocytes isolated from diabetic rats, AMI was less completely metabolized and the demethylation reaction became more important than in non-diabetic rat hepatocytes. Although the proportions of hydroxylated metabolites decreased in diabetic rats, it always remained predominant. Furthermore, glucuronidation of metabolites was greater, especially for (Z)-10-hydroxynortriptyline in diabetic animals.
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Short communication: Protoplast formation from the thermophilic fungus Malbranchea sulfurea, using the thermostable chitinase and laminarinase of Paecilomyces varioti. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 1996; 12:99-100. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00327811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 08/01/1995] [Accepted: 08/01/1995] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Macrophage inflammatory protein 1-alpha mRNA expression in an immortalized microglial cell line and cortical astrocyte cultures. J Neurosci Res 1995; 40:755-63. [PMID: 7629889 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.490400607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Macrophage inflammatory protein 1 (MIP-1) is a recently characterized inflammatory and chemokinetic cytokine. Proinflammatory stimuli have been shown to induce expression of MIP-1 by macrophages. We hypothesized that microglia and astrocytes express MIP-1 alpha because of their many immunologic similarities to macrophages. MIP-1 alpha mRNA was examined with quantitative reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction in an immortalized mouse microglial cell line (BV-2) and in mouse cortical astrocyte cultures. We found that in both the BV-2 microglial cell line and in astrocyte cultures, MIP-1 alpha mRNA was strongly induced by lipopolysaccharide and the phorbol ester PMA. MIP-1 alpha mRNA was reduced by dBcAMP, interferon-gamma, and PGE1. Dexamethasone decreased MIP-1 alpha mRNA levels in astrocyte cultures, but not in BV-2 microglial cells. Interleukin-1 beta, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and MIP-1 alpha had no effect on MIP-1 alpha mRNA expression. These findings demonstrate that MIP-1 alpha mRNA is expressed by cultured glial cells and is regulated by proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory stimuli. MIP-1 alpha may be expressed by microglia and astrocytes in vivo, and may help modulate cerebral inflammation.
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Abstract
The functional role of cholecystokinin in the central nervous system is unknown. The tetra peptide CCK-4 was previously observed to induce panic attacks in a majority of normal volunteers and patients with panic disorder. Furthermore, it had been demonstrated that pretreatment with 10-50 mg of L-365,260, a selective CCKB antagonist, blocked CCK-4 induced panic in patients with panic disorder. Therefore, the present multicenter, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial was designed to investigate the efficacy of L-365,260, a CCKB antagonist, in patients with panic disorder with or without agoraphobia. Following a 1-week, single-blind placebo period, 88 patients were randomized to double-blind treatment in which they received either L-365,260, 30 mg qid, or placebo for 6 weeks. At the dose tested, there were no clinically significant differences between L-365,260 and placebo in global improvement ratings, Hamilton anxiety rating scale scores, panic attack frequency, panic attack intensity, or disability measures. The possible reasons for lack of effect with L-365,260 are discussed.
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