1
|
Roubalová R, Procházková P, Kovářová T, Ježková J, Hrnčíř T, Tlaskalová-Hogenová H, Papežová H. Influence of the gut microbiome on appetite-regulating neuropeptides in the hypothalamus: Insight from conventional, antibiotic-treated, and germ-free mouse models of anorexia nervosa. Neurobiol Dis 2024; 193:106460. [PMID: 38432539 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2024.106460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent research highlights the profound impact of the gut microbiome on neuropsychiatric disorders, shedding light on its potential role in shaping human behavior. In this study, we investigate the role of the gut microbiome in appetite regulation using activity-based anorexia (ABA) mouse model of anorexia nervosa (AN) - a severe eating disorder with significant health consequences. ABA was induced in conventional, antibiotic-treated, and germ-free mice. Our results show the clear influence of the gut microbiome on the expression of four orexigenic (neuropeptide Y, agouti-related peptide, melanin-concentrating hormone, and orexin) and four anorexigenic peptides (cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript, corticotropin-releasing hormone, thyrotropin-releasing hormone, and pro-opiomelanocortin) in the hypothalamus. Additionally, we assessed alterations in gut barrier permeability. While variations were noted in germ-free mice based on feeding and activity, they were not directly attributable to the gut microbiome. This research emphasizes that the gut microbiome is a pivotal factor in AN's appetite regulation beyond just dietary habits or physical activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Radka Roubalová
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Petra Procházková
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tereza Kovářová
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Janet Ježková
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Hrnčíř
- Laboratory of Gnotobiology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Novy Hradek, Czech Republic
| | - Helena Tlaskalová-Hogenová
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Papežová
- Department of Psychiatry, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Langmajerová M, Roubalová R, Šebela A, Vevera J. The effect of microbiome composition on impulsive and violent behavior: A systematic review. Behav Brain Res 2023; 440:114266. [PMID: 36549572 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2022.114266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The impact of the microbiome on brain function and behavior has recently become an important research topic. We searched for a link between the gut microbiome and impulsive and violent behavior. We focused on critical factors influencing the microbiome establishment that may affect human health later in life, i.e., delivery mode, early-life feeding, and early antibiotic exposure. We searched PubMed, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library. We included original human studies examining adults and children with impulsive and/or violent behavior that assessed the gut microbiota composition of participants, delivery mode, infant feeding mode, or early antibiotic exposure. Bibliographic searches yielded 429 articles, and 21 met the eligibility criteria. Two studies reported data on patients with schizophrenia with violent behavior, while 19 studies reported data on patients with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The results showed several bacterial taxa associated with ADHD symptomatology and with violent behavior in patients with schizophrenia. No association was found between delivery mode and impulsive behavior, nor did any articles relate infant feeding mode to violent human behavior. Those studies investigating early antibiotic exposure yielded ambiguous results. The heterogeneity of the data and the different methodologies of the included studies limited the external validity of the results. We found few studies that addressed the possible microbiome involvement in the pathophysiology of impulsive and violent behavior in humans. Our review revealed a gap in knowledge regarding links between the gut microbiome and these extreme behavioral patterns.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Langmajerová
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, alej Svobody 1655/76, 323 00 Pilsen, Czech Republic.
| | - Radka Roubalová
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic.
| | - Antonín Šebela
- National Institute of Mental Health, Topolova 748, 250 67 Klecany, Czech Republic; Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Ruska 87, 100 00 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Jan Vevera
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, alej Svobody 1655/76, 323 00 Pilsen, Czech Republic; Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Pilsen, alej Svobody 80, 304 60 Pilsen, Czech Republic.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Súkeníková L, Černý V, Thon T, Roubalová R, Jirásková Zákostelská Z, Novotná O, Petrásková P, Boráková K, Kocourková I, Lodinová-Žádníková R, Musil Z, Kolářová L, Prokešová L, Valenta Z, Hrdý J. Effect of early postnatal supplementation of newborns with probiotic strain E. coli O83:K24:H31 on allergy incidence, dendritic cells, and microbiota. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1038328. [PMID: 36703968 PMCID: PMC9872645 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1038328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Probiotic administration seems to be a rational approach to promote maturation of the neonatal immune system. Mutual interaction of the microbiota with the host immune system is critical for the setting of appropriate immune responses including a tolerogenic one and thevmaintenance of homeostasis. On the other hand, our knowledge on the modes of actions of probiotics is still scarce. Methods In our study, probiotic strain Escherichia coli O83:K24:H31 (EcO83) was administered to neonates of allergic mothers (AMs; neonates with increased risk for allergy development) within 48 h after the delivery, and the impact of this early postnatal supplementation on allergy incidence and selected immune markers has been analyzed 10 years after the primary EcO83 administration. Results We have observed decreased allergy incidence in 10-year-old children supplemented with EcO83 (13 of 52 children were allergic) in comparison with non-supplemented children of AMs (16 of 42 children were allergic). The early postnatal EcO83 supplementation appeared to limit the allergy in the high-risk group (children of AMs) compared to that in the low-risk group (children of healthy mothers). Dendritic cells (DCs) in the peripheral blood of EcO83-supplemented children do not differ significantly in cell surface presence of CD83. The immunomodulatory capacity of EcO83 on DCs was tested in vitro as well. Both directly isolated myeloid and in vitro monocyte-derived DCs from cord blood increased CD83 expression together with interleukin (IL)-10 secretion after EcO83 stimulation. The effect of early postnatal EcO83 supplementation on the microbiota composition of 10-year-old children was characterized by next-generation sequencing, and we have not observed significant changes in the microbiota composition of EcO83-supplemented and non-supplemented children at the age of 10 years. Conclusions Early postnatal EcO83 supplementation appears to lower allergy incidence in children of AMs. It seems that the beneficial effect of EcO83 is mediated via modulation of DC functional capacities without impacting the microbiota composition. Larger-scale studies will be necessary to confirm these preliminary findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lenka Súkeníková
- Institute of Immunology and Microbiology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Viktor Černý
- Institute of Immunology and Microbiology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Tomáš Thon
- Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Radka Roubalová
- Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | | | - Olga Novotná
- Institute of Immunology and Microbiology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Petra Petrásková
- Institute of Immunology and Microbiology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Kristýna Boráková
- Department of Neonatology, Institute for the Care of Mother and Child, Prague, Czechia
| | - Ingrid Kocourková
- Department of Neonatology, Institute for the Care of Mother and Child, Prague, Czechia
| | | | - Zdeněk Musil
- Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Libuše Kolářová
- Institute of Immunology and Microbiology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Ludmila Prokešová
- Institute of Immunology and Microbiology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Zdeněk Valenta
- Department of Statistical Modelling, Institute of Computer Science of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Jiří Hrdý
- Institute of Immunology and Microbiology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia,*Correspondence: Jiří Hrdý,
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Tomášová P, Procházková P, Roubalová R, Dvořák J, Tlaskalová-Hogenová H, Čermáková M, Pelantová H, Šedivá B, Vecka M, Papežová H, Kuzma M. NMR- and MS-Based Untargeted Metabolomic Study of Stool and Serum Samples from Patients with Anorexia Nervosa. J Proteome Res 2021; 21:778-787. [PMID: 34606283 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.1c00537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Anorexia nervosa (AN), a pathological restriction of food intake, leads to metabolic dysregulation. We conducted a metabolomics study to reveal changes caused by AN and the effect of hospital realimentation on metabolism. Both stool and serum from patients with AN and healthy controls were analyzed by NMR and MS. Statistical analysis revealed several altered biochemical and anthropometric parameters and 50 changed metabolites, including phospholipids, acylcarnitines, amino acids, derivatives of nicotinic acid, nucleotides, and energy metabolism intermediates. Biochemical and anthropometric parameters were correlated with metabolomic data. Metabolic changes in patients with AN described in our study imply serious system disruption defects, such as the development of inflammation and oxidative stress, changed free thyroxine (fT4) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels, a deficit of vitamins, muscle mass breakdown, and a decrease in ketone bodies as an important source of energy for the brain and heart. Furthermore, our data indicate only a very slight improvement after treatment. However, correlations of metabolomic results with body weight, interleukin 6, tumor necrosis factor α, fT4, and TSH might entail better prognoses and treatment effectiveness in patients with better system parameter status. Data sets are deposited in MassIVE: MSV000087713, DOI: 10.25345/C57R7X.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Petra Tomášová
- Laboratory of Molecular Structure Characterization, Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic.,Fourth Medical Department, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General Faculty Hospital in Prague, U Nemocnice 2, 121 08 Praha 2, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Procházková
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Radka Roubalová
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Dvořák
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Helena Tlaskalová-Hogenová
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Čermáková
- Laboratory of Molecular Structure Characterization, Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Helena Pelantová
- Laboratory of Molecular Structure Characterization, Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Blanka Šedivá
- Laboratory of Molecular Structure Characterization, Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of West Bohemia, Univerzitní 8, 306 14 Plzeň, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Vecka
- Fourth Medical Department, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General Faculty Hospital in Prague, U Nemocnice 2, 121 08 Praha 2, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Papežová
- Department of Psychiatry, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Ke Karlovu 11, 121 08 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Kuzma
- Laboratory of Molecular Structure Characterization, Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Roubalová R, Procházková P, Hanč A, Dvořák J, Bilej M. Mutual interactions of E. andrei earthworm and pathogens during the process of vermicomposting. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2020; 27:33429-33437. [PMID: 30840250 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-04329-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Vermicomposting is a process by which earthworms together with microorganisms degrade organic wastes into a humus-like material called vermicompost. This process does not include a thermophilic stage, and therefore, the possible presence of pathogens represents a potential health hazard. To elucidate the effect of earthworms in the selective reduction of pathogens, grape marc substrate was artificially inoculated with Escherichia coli, Enterococcus spp., thermotolerant coliform bacteria (TCB), and Salmonella spp., and their reduction during vermicomposting was monitored. Various defense mechanisms eliminating microorganisms in the earthworm gut were assumed to be involved in the process of pathogen reduction. Therefore, we followed the expression of three pattern recognition receptors (coelomic cytolytic factor (CCF), lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP), and Toll-like receptor (v-TLR)), two antimicrobial molecules (fetidin/lysenins and lysozyme), and heat shock protein HSP70. We detected the significant decrease of some defense molecules (fetidin/lysenins and LBP) in all pathogen-inoculated substrates, and the increase of CCF and LBP in the Salmonella spp.-inoculated substrate. At the same time, the reduction of pathogens during vermicomposting was assessed. We observed the accelerated reduction of E. coli, Enterococcus spp., and TCB in pathogen-inoculated substrates with earthworms compared to that without earthworms. Moreover, the differences between the microbiome of grape marc substrate and earthworm intestines were determined by high throughput sequencing. This analysis revealed that the bacterial composition of grape marc substrate differed from the composition of the content of earthworm intestines, suggesting the elimination of specific bacterial species during food passage through the gut.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Radka Roubalová
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-142 20, Prague 4, Czech Republic.
| | - Petra Procházková
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-142 20, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Aleš Hanč
- Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, CZ-165 00, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Dvořák
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-142 20, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Bilej
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-142 20, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Roubalová R, Procházková P, Papežová H, Smitka K, Bilej M, Tlaskalová-Hogenová H. Anorexia nervosa: Gut microbiota-immune-brain interactions. Clin Nutr 2019; 39:676-684. [PMID: 30952533 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2019.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Anorexia nervosa is a psychiatric disorder defined by an extremely low body weight, a devastating fear of weight gain, and body image disturbance, however the etiopathogenesis remains unclear. The objective of the article is to provide a comprehensive review on the potential role of gut microbiota in pathogenesis of anorexia nervosa. Recent advances in sequencing techniques used for microbial detection revealed that this disease is associated with disruption of the composition of normal gut microbiota (dysbiosis), manifested by low microbial diversity and taxonomic differences as compared to healthy individuals. Microorganisms present in the gut represent a part of the so called "microbiota-gut-brain" axis that affect the central nervous system and thus human behavior via the production of various neuroactive compounds. In addition, cells of the immune system are equipped with receptors for these neuroactive substances. Microbiota of the intestinal system also represent a very important antigenic source. These antigens can mimic some host neuropeptides and neurohormones and thus trigger the production of autoantibodies which cross-react with these compounds. The levels and affinities of these antibodies are thought to be associated with neuropsychiatric conditions including anxiety, depression, and eating and sleep disorders. The study of microbiota function in diseases could bring new insights to the pathogenetic mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Radka Roubalová
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, Prague 4, Czech Republic.
| | - Petra Procházková
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Papežová
- Department of Psychiatry, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Ke Karlovu 11, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Kvido Smitka
- The Institute of Physiology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Albertov 5, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Bilej
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Roubalová R, Dvořák J, Procházková P, Škanta F, Navarro Pacheco NI, Semerád J, Cajthaml T, Bilej M. The role of CuZn- and Mn-superoxide dismutases in earthworm Eisenia andrei kept in two distinct field-contaminated soils. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2018; 159:363-371. [PMID: 29778984 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.04.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs), together with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), represent highly toxic and persistent organic environmental pollutants, especially due to their capability for bioaccumulation in fatty tissues. To observe the environmentally relevant effect of these compounds on earthworms, two soils naturally contaminated with PCDD/Fs and PAHs were used in our experiments. We focused on the role of CuZn- and Mn-superoxide dismutases. We assembled a full-length sequences of these molecules from Eisenia andrei earthworm and confirmed their activity. We demonstrated the significant reduction of CuZn-SOD on both mRNA and enzyme activity levels and increased levels of reactive oxygen species in earthworms kept in PCDD/F-polluted soil, which corresponds to the observed histopathologies of the earthworm intestinal wall and adjacent chloragogenous tissue. The results show an important role of CuZn-SOD in earthworm tissue damage caused by PCDD/Fs present in soil. We did not detect any significant changes in the mRNA expression or activity of Mn-SOD in these earthworms. In earthworms maintained in PAH-polluted soil the activity of both CuZn-SOD and Mn-SOD significantly increased. No histopathological changes were detected in these worms, however significant decrease of coelomocyte viability was observed. This reduced viability was most likely independent of oxidative stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Radka Roubalová
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic.
| | - Jiří Dvořák
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic.
| | - Petra Procházková
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic.
| | - František Škanta
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic.
| | | | - Jaroslav Semerád
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic; Institute for Environmental Studies, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Benátská 2, CZ-128 01 Prague 2, Czech Republic.
| | - Tomáš Cajthaml
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic.
| | - Martin Bilej
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Procházková P, Hanč A, Dvořák J, Roubalová R, Drešlová M, Částková T, Šustr V, Škanta F, Pacheco NIN, Bilej M. Contribution of Eisenia andrei earthworms in pathogen reduction during vermicomposting. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2018; 25:26267-26278. [PMID: 29978314 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-2662-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Vermicomposting is a process of degradation of biowaste which involves complex interactions between earthworms and microorganisms. This process lacks a thermophilic stage and thus, the possible presence of pathogens poses a potential health hazard. To assess the contribution of earthworms during the selective reduction of various pathogens, apple pomace substrate was artificially inoculated with Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., thermotolerant coliform bacteria, and Enterococci. The artificial bacterial load did not influence the weight, reproduction, or intestinal enzymatic activity of the earthworms, but it caused reversible histological changes to the epithelial layer and chloragogen tissue of their intestines. The reduction of pathogenic Enterococci and E. coli from the substrate was accelerated by earthworms (63-fold, 77-fold, and 840-fold for Enterococci and 6-fold, 36-fold, and 7-fold for E. coli inoculated substrates after 2, 4, and 6 weeks, respectively). Moreover, the rapid elimination of Salmonella spp. was supported by the upregulated expression of two pattern recognition receptors which bind lipopolysaccharide, coelomic cytolytic factor, and lipopolysaccharide-binding protein. Further, the microbiomes of the intestine and the composting substrate differed significantly. Graphical abstract.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Petra Procházková
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20, Prague 4, Czech Republic.
| | - Aleš Hanč
- Department of Agro-Environmental Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Dvořák
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Radka Roubalová
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Markéta Drešlová
- Department of Agro-Environmental Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Tereza Částková
- Department of Agro-Environmental Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Šustr
- Institute of Soil Biology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy, Na Sádkách 7, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - František Škanta
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Natividad Isabel Navarro Pacheco
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Bilej
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Dvořák J, Roubalová R, Procházková P, Rossmann P, Škanta F, Bilej M. Sensing microorganisms in the gut triggers the immune response in Eisenia andrei earthworms. Dev Comp Immunol 2016; 57:67-74. [PMID: 26684064 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2015.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Revised: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The tube-within-tube body plan of earthworms is appropriate for studying the interactions of microorganisms with the immune system of body cavities such as the digestive tract and coelom. This study aims to describe the immune response on the molecular and cellular level in the coelomic cavity and the gut of the earthworm Eisenia andrei after experimental microbial challenge by administering two bacterial strains (Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis) or yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae to the environment. The changes in mRNA levels of defense molecules (pattern recognition receptor CCF, lysozyme, fetidin/lysenins) in the coelomocytes and gut tissue were determined by quantitative PCR. The immune response at a cellular level was captured in histological sections, and the expression of CCF was localized using in situ hybridization. Coelomocytes respond to the presence of bacteria in the coelomic cavity by increasing the mRNA levels of defense molecules, especially CCF. The immune response in gut tissue is less affected by microbial stimulation because the epithelial cells of gut exhibit basically strong mRNA synthesis of ccf as a defense against the continuous microbial load in the gut lumen. The cellular immune response is mediated by coelomocytes released from the mesenchymal lining of the coelomic cavity. These combined immune mechanisms are necessary for the survival of earthworms in the microbially rich environment of soil.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiří Dvořák
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Microbiology of the CAS, v. v. i., Vídeňská 1083, 142 20, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Radka Roubalová
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Microbiology of the CAS, v. v. i., Vídeňská 1083, 142 20, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Procházková
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Microbiology of the CAS, v. v. i., Vídeňská 1083, 142 20, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Rossmann
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Microbiology of the CAS, v. v. i., Vídeňská 1083, 142 20, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - František Škanta
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Microbiology of the CAS, v. v. i., Vídeňská 1083, 142 20, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Bilej
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Microbiology of the CAS, v. v. i., Vídeňská 1083, 142 20, Prague 4, Czech Republic.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Škanta F, Procházková P, Roubalová R, Dvořák J, Bilej M. LBP/BPI homologue in Eisenia andrei earthworms. Dev Comp Immunol 2016; 54:1-6. [PMID: 26297397 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2015.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Revised: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 08/15/2015] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
LBP/BPIs are pattern recognition receptors that are often present in vertebrates and in invertebrates, and they play a defense role against pathogens. We have identified 1698 bp cDNA sequence from the Eisenia andrei earthworm with predicted amino acid sequence that shares homology with the LBP/BPI family (EaLBP/BPI). Sequence analysis of EaLBP/BPI proved the existence of two conserved domains with the potential ability to bind LPS. The predicted molecular mass of the EaLBP/BPI protein is 53.5 kDa, and its high basicity (pI 9.8) is caused by its high arginine content. Constitutive transcription of the Ealbp/bpi gene was shown in all tested tissues, with the highest level in coelomocytes and seminal vesicles; the lowest level was detected in the intestine. On the contrary, another earthworm LPS-binding molecule CCF (coelomic cytolytic factor) was expressed only in the intestine and coelomocytes. In E. andrei coelomocytes, the transcription of Ealbp/bpi gene was up-regulated in response to bacterial stimulation, reaching a maximum at 8 and 16 h post stimulation with Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- František Škanta
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i., Vídeňská 1083, Prague 4, 142 20, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Procházková
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i., Vídeňská 1083, Prague 4, 142 20, Czech Republic.
| | - Radka Roubalová
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i., Vídeňská 1083, Prague 4, 142 20, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Dvořák
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i., Vídeňská 1083, Prague 4, 142 20, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Bilej
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i., Vídeňská 1083, Prague 4, 142 20, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Procházková P, Škanta F, Roubalová R, Šilerová M, Dvořák J, Bilej M. Involvement of the iron regulatory protein from Eisenia andrei earthworms in the regulation of cellular iron homeostasis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e109900. [PMID: 25279857 PMCID: PMC4184891 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0109900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Accepted: 09/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Iron homeostasis in cells is regulated by iron regulatory proteins (IRPs) that exist in different organisms. IRPs are cytosolic proteins that bind to iron-responsive elements (IREs) of the 5′- or 3′-untranslated regions (UTR) of mRNAs that encode many proteins involved in iron metabolism. In this study, we have cloned and described a new regulatory protein belonging to the family of IRPs from the earthworm Eisenia andrei (EaIRP). The earthworm IRE site in 5′-UTR of ferritin mRNA most likely folds into a secondary structure that differs from the conventional IRE structures of ferritin due to the absence of a typically unpaired cytosine that participates in protein binding. Prepared recombinant EaIRP and proteins from mammalian liver extracts are able to bind both mammalian and Eisenia IRE structures of ferritin mRNA, although the affinity of the rEaIRP/Eisenia IRE structure is rather low. This result suggests the possible contribution of a conventional IRE structure. When IRP is supplemented with a Fe-S cluster, it can function as a cytosolic aconitase. Cellular cytosolic and mitochondrial fractions, as well as recombinant EaIRP, exhibit aconitase activity that can be abolished by the action of oxygen radicals. The highest expression of EaIRP was detected in parts of the digestive tract. We can assume that earthworms may possess an IRE/IRP regulatory network as a potential mechanism for maintaining cellular iron homeostasis, although the aconitase function of EaIRP is most likely more relevant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Petra Procházková
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Microbiology of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v. v. i., Prague 4, Czech Republic
- * E-mail:
| | - František Škanta
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Microbiology of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v. v. i., Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Radka Roubalová
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Microbiology of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v. v. i., Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Marcela Šilerová
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Microbiology of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v. v. i., Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Dvořák
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Microbiology of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v. v. i., Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Bilej
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Microbiology of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v. v. i., Prague 4, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Roubalová R, Dvořák J, Procházková P, Elhottová D, Rossmann P, Škanta F, Bilej M. The effect of dibenzo-p-dioxin- and dibenzofuran-contaminated soil on the earthworm Eisenia andrei. Environ Pollut 2014; 193:22-28. [PMID: 24992343 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2014.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Revised: 05/26/2014] [Accepted: 05/29/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) belong to the group of persistent organic pollutants, highly toxic environmental pollutants that include hydrophobic compounds with the tendency to bioaccumulate. Earthworms (Eisenia andrei) were exposed to PCDD/Fs-contaminated soil, and changes in their lipophilic structures and the gene expression of their defense molecules were followed. Damage to the intestinal wall and adjacent chloragogenous tissue was observed. Further, the up-regulation of the expression of several genes was detected. On the basis of these results, the mechanism of the impact of PCDD/Fs on earthworms has been proposed. Dioxins that accumulate in the lipophilic structures cause an increase in reactive oxidative species that triggers oxidative stress followed by the gene expression of two molecules that play a role in protection against oxidant toxicity, calreticulin (CRT) and Hsp70. Moreover, the effect of microbial biomass on the expression of coelomic cytolytic factor (CCF), a pattern recognition receptor, was also observed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Radka Roubalová
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Microbiology of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v. v. i., Vídeňská 1083, 142 20, Praha 4, Czech Republic.
| | - Jiří Dvořák
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Microbiology of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v. v. i., Vídeňská 1083, 142 20, Praha 4, Czech Republic.
| | - Petra Procházková
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Microbiology of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v. v. i., Vídeňská 1083, 142 20, Praha 4, Czech Republic.
| | - Dana Elhottová
- Biology Centre of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v. v. i., Institute of Soil Biology, Na Sádkách 7, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic.
| | - Pavel Rossmann
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Microbiology of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v. v. i., Vídeňská 1083, 142 20, Praha 4, Czech Republic.
| | - František Škanta
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Microbiology of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v. v. i., Vídeňská 1083, 142 20, Praha 4, Czech Republic.
| | - Martin Bilej
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Microbiology of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v. v. i., Vídeňská 1083, 142 20, Praha 4, Czech Republic.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Škanta F, Roubalová R, Dvořák J, Procházková P, Bilej M. Molecular cloning and expression of TLR in the Eisenia andrei earthworm. Dev Comp Immunol 2013; 41:694-702. [PMID: 23969138 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2013.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2013] [Revised: 08/12/2013] [Accepted: 08/12/2013] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play an important role in defense responses to pathogens in invertebrates. Here we characterize the first TLR isolated from an oligochaete annelid, namely, Eisenia andrei (EaTLR) and show its expression pattern. The full-length EaTLR cDNA consists of 2615 bp encoding a putative protein of 675 amino acids. The predicted amino acid sequence comprises of an extracellular domain containing 31 amino acid signal peptide and seven leucine-rich repeats (LRR), capped with cysteine-rich N- and C-terminal LRRs followed by a transmembrane domain and cytoplasmic Toll/IL-1R domain (TIR). TIR domains of twenty individual earthworms were sequenced and the variability suggesting the presence of a high number of TLR genes in the genome of E. andrei was observed. Phylogenetic analysis revealed the highest similarity of EaTLR with polychaete annelid, Capitella teleta and TLRs of mollusks and echinoderms. Finally, the highest constitutive expression of EaTLR was observed in the digestive tract. Gene expression was significantly increased in coelomocytes of E. andrei after the challenge with Gram-positive bacteria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- František Škanta
- Institute of Microbiology of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v. v. i., Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Procházková P, Šustr V, Dvořák J, Roubalová R, Škanta F, Pižl V, Bilej M. Correlation between the activity of digestive enzymes and nonself recognition in the gut of Eisenia andrei earthworms. J Invertebr Pathol 2013; 114:217-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2013.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2013] [Revised: 08/12/2013] [Accepted: 08/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
15
|
Procházková P, Dvořák J, Šilerová M, Roubalová R, Škanta F, Halada P, Bilej M. Molecular characterization of the iron binding protein ferritin in Eisenia andrei earthworms. Gene 2011; 485:73-80. [PMID: 21723382 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2011.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2011] [Revised: 06/02/2011] [Accepted: 06/07/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Ferritin is a storage protein that plays a key role in iron metabolism. In this study, we report on the sequence characterization of a ferritin-coding cDNA in Eisenia andrei earthworms isolated by RT-PCR using degenerated primers, and we suggest the presence of a putative IRE in the 5'-UTR of ferritin mRNA. The obtained ferritin sequence was compared with those of other animals showing sequence and structure homology in consensus sites, including the iron-responsive element (IRE) and ferroxidase centers. Despite the sequence homology in the E. andrei mRNA of ferritin with the sequences of other animals in consensus IRE sites, the presented cytosine in the IRE of E. andrei ferritin in the expected position does not form a conventional bulge. The presence of ferritin in the coelomic fluid of E. andrei was proven by iron staining assay. Moreover, aconitase activity in the coelomic fluid was assessed by aconitase assay, suggesting the presence of an iron regulatory protein. Quantitative analysis revealed changes in the gene expression levels of ferritin in coelomocytes in response to bacterial challenge, reaching the maximum level 8h after the stimulation with both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Petra Procházková
- Institute of Microbiology of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v. v. i., Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|