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Khan N, Sudhakar K, Mamat R. Macroalgae farming for sustainable future: Navigating opportunities and driving innovation. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28208. [PMID: 38560151 PMCID: PMC10981073 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Seaweed cultivation has garnered significant interest, driven by its wide range of biomass benefits. However, comprehensive assessments from various perspectives are imperative to ensure the sustainable cultivation of seaweed. Biotic and Abiotic factors can significantly impact seaweed yield in complex commercial farming. Biotic factors include bacteria, fungi, viruses, and other algae, while abiotic factors include environmental conditions such as temperature, salinity, light intensity, and nutrient availability. Additionally, the susceptibility of seaweeds to pests and diseases further compounds the issue, leading to potential crop losses. This study endeavours to shed light on the immense potential of macroalgae cultivation and underscores the pressing need for scientific advancements in this field. The comprehensive review clearly explains the latest developments in seaweed cultivation and highlights significant advances from diverse seaweed research. Moreover, it provides insightful glimpses into possible future developments that could shape the trajectory of this promising industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nida Khan
- Faculty of Civil Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah, 26300, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
- Centre of Research in Advanced Fluid and Processes (Fluid Centre), Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah, 26300, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - K. Sudhakar
- Centre for Automotive Engineering Centre, Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah, Pekan, 26600, Malaysia
- Faculty of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah, Pekan, 26600, Pahang, Malaysia
- Energy Centre, Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology, Bhopal, 462003, India
| | - R. Mamat
- Centre for Automotive Engineering Centre, Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah, Pekan, 26600, Malaysia
- Faculty of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah, Pekan, 26600, Pahang, Malaysia
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Nugroho A, Mamat R, Xiaoxia J, Bo Z, Jamlos M, Ghazali M. Performance enhancement and optimization of residential air conditioning system in response to the novel FAl 2O 3-POE nanolubricant adoption. Heliyon 2023; 9:e20333. [PMID: 37822631 PMCID: PMC10562754 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper aims to evaluate residential air conditioning systems' performance enhancement and optimization by adopting a novel functionalized Al2O3 (FAl2O3)-Polyolester (POE) nanolubricant. Comprehensive discussions were conducted on key performance parameters, including heat absorption, compressor work, cooling capacity, coefficient of performance (COP), and power consumption. Novel FAl2O3 nanoparticles were dispersed into the POE lubricant using a two-step method. The findings reveal that FAl2O3-POE nanolubricant exhibits superior heat absorption compared to pure POE. Heat absorption decreases with an increased initial refrigerant charge, while cooling capacity performance improves with an increased initial refrigerant charge. The COP shows an increasing trend at all concentrations of FAl2O3-POE nanolubricant when operating with R32. FAl2O3-POE/R32 demonstrates an enhanced range of 3.12%-32.26% for COP. The results suggest that applying novel FAl2O3-POE nanolubricant with R32 can reduce electrical power consumption by 13.79%-19.35%. The central composite design (CCD) offers an optimal condition for FAl2O3-POE nanolubricant with a concentration of 0.11 vol%, an initial refrigerant charge of 0.442 kg, resulting in a COP of 3.982, a standard error of 0.019, and a desirability of 1.0.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Nugroho
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Ningxia University, 750021, China
- Centre for Automotive Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, 26600, Malaysia
| | - R. Mamat
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Ningxia University, 750021, China
- Centre for Automotive Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, 26600, Malaysia
| | - J. Xiaoxia
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Ningxia University, 750021, China
| | - Z. Bo
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Ningxia University, 750021, China
| | - M.F. Jamlos
- Faculty of Electrical & Electronics Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Malaysia
| | - M.F. Ghazali
- Centre for Research in Advanced Fluid and Processes, University Malaysia Pahang, Malaysia
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Khan N, Sudhakar K, Mamat R. Seaweed farming: A perspectives of genetic engineering and nano-technology application. Heliyon 2023; 9:e15168. [PMID: 37123906 PMCID: PMC10130772 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
In order to meet the growing demand for resources, there is a rising interest in macroalgae cultivation worldwide due to their potential as a source of food, fuel, and bio-products. However, large-scale and sustainable seaweed cultivation has been a persistent challenge. Specific fundamental issues need to be addressed to maximize the benefits of seaweed production. This article reviews a plan for transitioning to an environmentally sustainable aquaculture system incorporating non-toxic nanoparticles. It also provides an overview of genetic enhancement techniques for macroalgae species to realize their potential fully. Additionally, the article discusses the need for advanced tools and concepts to overcome the challenges in seaweed identification and cultivation and emphasizes the importance of a coordinated effort in fundamental and applied research using emerging technologies to ensure long-term practicality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nida Khan
- Faculty of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, 26600 Pekan, Pahang, Malaysia
- Centre for Research in Advanced Fluid & Process, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Gambang, 26300, Malaysia
| | - K. Sudhakar
- Faculty of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, 26600 Pekan, Pahang, Malaysia
- Centre for Research in Advanced Fluid & Process, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Gambang, 26300, Malaysia
- Energy Centre, Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology, Bhopal,462003, India
- Corresponding author. Centre for Research in Advanced Fluid & Process, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Gambang, 26300, Malaysia.
| | - R. Mamat
- Faculty of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, 26600 Pekan, Pahang, Malaysia
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Ningxia University, China
- Centre for Automotive Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Pekan,Pahang Malaysia
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Mamat R, Sani MSM, Sudhakar K. Renewable energy in Southeast Asia: Policies and recommendations. Sci Total Environ 2019; 670:1095-1102. [PMID: 31018425 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.03.273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Southeast Asian countries stand at a crossroads concerning their shared energy future and heavily rely on fossil fuels for transport and electricity. Within Asia, especially India and China lead the world renewable energy generation undergoing a period of energy transition and economic transformation. Southeast Asian countries have huge potentials for sustainable energy sources. However they are yet to perform globally in renewable energy deployment due to various challenges. The primary objective of the study is to examine the renewable energy growth and analyse the government policies to scale up the deployment of renewables for power generation substantially. The study also offers policy recommendations to accelerate renewable energy exploitation sustainably across the region. To achieve the ambitious target of 23% renewables in the primary energy mix by 2025, ASEAN Governments should take proactive measures like removal of subsidies of fossil fuels, regional market integration and rapid implementation of the existing project. Eventually, each of this strategy will necessitate sustained leadership, political determination, and concrete actions from stakeholders, in particular, increased cooperation across the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Mamat
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, 26600, Malaysia.
| | - M S M Sani
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, 26600, Malaysia.
| | - K Sudhakar
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, 26600, Malaysia; Energy Centre, Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology, Bhopal, India.
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Mahmudul HM, Hagos FY, Mamat R, Noor MM, Yusri IM. Effect of oxygenate additive on diesel engine fuel consumption and emissions operating with biodiesel-diesel blend at idling conditions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1088/1757-899x/257/1/012084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Nabil MF, Azmi WH, Hamid KA, Mamat R. Heat transfer and friction factor of composite TiO2–SiO2 nanofluids in water-ethylene glycol (60:40) mixture. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1088/1757-899x/257/1/012066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Hamid KA, Azmi WH, Nabil MF, Mamat R. Improved thermal conductivity of TiO2–SiO2 hybrid nanofluid in ethylene glycol and water mixture. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1088/1757-899x/257/1/012067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Ghanbari M, Najafi G, Ghobadian B, Mamat R, Noor MM, Moosavian A. Support vector machine to predict diesel engine performance and emission parameters fueled with nano-particles additive to diesel fuel. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1088/1757-899x/100/1/012069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Fayyazi E, Ghobadian B, Najafi G, Hosseinzadeh B, Mamat R, Hosseinzadeh J. An ultrasound-assisted system for the optimization of biodiesel production from chicken fat oil using a genetic algorithm and response surface methodology. Ultrason Sonochem 2015; 26:312-320. [PMID: 25870003 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2015.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2012] [Revised: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 03/07/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Biodiesel is a green (clean), renewable energy source and is an alternative for diesel fuel. Biodiesel can be produced from vegetable oil, animal fat and waste cooking oil or fat. Fats and oils react with alcohol to produce methyl ester, which is generally known as biodiesel. Because vegetable oil and animal fat wastes are cheaper, the tendency to produce biodiesel from these materials is increasing. In this research, the effect of some parameters such as the alcohol-to-oil molar ratio (4:1, 6:1, 8:1), the catalyst concentration (0.75%, 1% and 1.25% w/w) and the time for the transesterification reaction using ultrasonication on the rate of the fatty acids-to-methyl ester (biodiesel) conversion percentage have been studied (3, 6 and 9 min). In biodiesel production from chicken fat, when increasing the catalyst concentration up to 1%, the oil-to-biodiesel conversion percentage was first increased and then decreased. Upon increasing the molar ratio from 4:1 to 6:1 and then to 8:1, the oil-to-biodiesel conversion percentage increased by 21.9% and then 22.8%, respectively. The optimal point is determined by response surface methodology (RSM) and genetic algorithms (GAs). The biodiesel production from chicken fat by ultrasonic waves with a 1% w/w catalyst percentage, 7:1 alcohol-to-oil molar ratio and 9 min reaction time was equal to 94.8%. For biodiesel that was produced by ultrasonic waves under a similar conversion percentage condition compared to the conventional method, the reaction time was decreased by approximately 87.5%. The time reduction for the ultrasonic method compared to the conventional method makes the ultrasonic method superior.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Fayyazi
- Biosystems Engineering Department, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box 14115-111, Tehran 14114, Iran
| | - B Ghobadian
- Biosystems Engineering Department, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box 14115-111, Tehran 14114, Iran.
| | - G Najafi
- Biosystems Engineering Department, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box 14115-111, Tehran 14114, Iran
| | - B Hosseinzadeh
- Department of Mechanics of Biosystem, Shahr-e-Kord University, Shahr-e-Kord 115, Iran
| | - R Mamat
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, UMP 26600 Pekan, Pahang, Malaysia
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Karimi S, Ghobadian B, Najafi G, Nikian A, Mamat R. Effect of Operating Parameters on Ethanol–Water Vacuum Separation in an Ethanol Dehydration Apparatus and Process Modeling with ANN. Chemical Product and Process Modeling 2014. [DOI: 10.1515/cppm-2014-0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Bioethanol has been found to be a suitable substitute for gasoline in internal combustion engines. It could be used either in an undiluted form or blended with gasoline. To blend the ethanol and gasoline, the water content of ethanol should reach 0.5% or less. In the present research work, 3A Zeolite was used as an absorbent with vacuum distillation. The effects of the operating parameters such as temperature, vacuum pressure and vapor flow rate on ethanol–water separation were investigated. Final ethanol concentration was obtained at the end of every run as well as the concentration of outlet ethanol. Both linear regression and ANN design were used to determine the best fit for two final parameters. The optimum condition was obtained at 0.4 bar vacuum pressure and 20 l/min ethanol–water vapor flow rate. ANN model is more qualified to the simulation of outspread data while the linear regression is not. L10L10 mode and L5T10 mode provide the best results for final concentration and total time, respectively. The Trainlm Algorithm like the previous research training algorithm is the best.
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Yunus S, Abdullah NR, Mamat R, Rashid AA. An overview of palm, jatropha and algae as a potential biodiesel feedstock in Malaysia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1088/1757-899x/50/1/012055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Mamat R, Kong NCT, Ba'in A, Shah SA, Cader R, Wong V, Mohd R, Abdul Gafor AH, Ismail R. Assessment of body fluid status in hemodialysis patients using the body composition monitor measurement technique. J Clin Nurs 2012; 21:2879-85. [PMID: 22646855 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2702.2012.04091.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES The main objective of the study was to correlate the target dry weight in haemodialysis (HD) patients as assessed clinically by nephrologists to those measured by the Body Composition Monitor (BCM - Fresenius) machine. The second objective was to compare pre and postdialysis changes of extracellular fluid and clinical parameters. BACKGROUND Clinical assessment of target dry weight in HD patients remains problematic. Inaccurate dry weight resulted in hypovolaemic or overhydration states. The BCM (Fresenius) utilises bioimpedance technology for body fluid monitoring and has been extensively validated. DESIGN This was a prospective cross-sectional study on consecutive patients who underwent HD and gave informed consent. Methods. The target dry weights of these patients were first assessed by their attending nephrologists and appropriate ultrafiltration prescribed. Their body fluid statuses were then measured with the BCM before and after HD treatment. RESULTS Eighty HD patients (37 men, 43 women) with a mean age of 55 ± 13 years and a mean duration on HD of 71 ± 56 months were studied. The dry weight measured by BCM significantly correlated with dry weight assessed by the nephrologists. The mean dry weight was higher when assessed by the nephrologists compared to that by BCM. Only systolic blood pressure and not other components of blood pressure reduced after HD treatments. CONCLUSION The BCM is a rapid and easy-to-use tool that can help HD nursing staffs to adjust patients' dry weights between nephrologists' reviews thus optimising HD therapy and patient outcomes. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE We propose that experienced HD nursing staff be trained in the use of the BCM or other simple bioimpedance machines to help monitor patient overhydration and approximate dry weight in consultation with the nephrologists responsible for the care of these patients so as to obviate excessive residual overhydration between nephrology reviews.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafidah Mamat
- Nephrology Unit, Department of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Mokhri M, Abdullah N, Abdullah S, Kasalong S, Mamat R. Soot Filtration Recent Simulation Analysis in Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.proeng.2012.07.378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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