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Sattler S, Frank K, Kerscher M, Cotofana S, Pavicic T, Rzany B, Peng P, Pooth R. Objective Facial Assessment With Artificial Intelligence: Introducing the Facial Aesthetic Index and Facial Youthfulness Index. J Drugs Dermatol 2024; 23:e52-e54. [PMID: 38206157 DOI: 10.36849/jdd.7080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
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Hayano W, Kerscher M, Day D, Ogilvie A, Pavicic T, Lim T, Lorenc PZ, Hernandez C, Frank K, Moellhoff N, Prinz V, Mia C, Pooth R, Green J. Novel, Validated, 5-Point Photonumeric Scales for Assessment of the Perioral Region. Aesthet Surg J 2023; 43:1347-1356. [PMID: 37052953 DOI: 10.1093/asj/sjad103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of validated scales is still considered the gold standard for evaluating the severity of an aesthetic facial condition. OBJECTIVES The aim of this investigation was to create and validate 5-point photonumeric scales for the assessment of perioral lines and marionette lines. METHODS A medical team created 2 different novel 5-point photonumeric scales for the assessment of perioral lines and marionette lines. Eleven international raters were involved in the digital validation, and 4 raters performed a live validation. RESULTS For the Croma Static Perioral Lines-Assessment Scale, the digital interrater intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were 0.88 (95% CI, 0.85-0.91) in the first rating and 0.87 (95% CI, 0.83-0.90) in the second rating. The digital intrarater ICCs were 0.90 (95% CI, 0.87-0.92). In the live rating, the interrater ICCs were 0.89 (95% CI, 0.85-0.93) in the first rating and 0.91 (95% CI, 0.87-0.93) in the second rating with an intrarater ICC of 0.91 (95% CI, 0.88-0.95). For the Croma Marionette Lines-Assessment Scale, the digital rating interrater ICCs were 0.85 (95% CI, 0.81-0.89) in the first rating and 0.87 (95% CI, 0.84-0.90) in the second rating with an intrarater ICC of 0.89 (95% CI, 0.88-0.91). In the live rating, the interrater ICCs were 0.73 (95% CI, 0.54-0.83) in the first rating and 0.79 (95% CI, 0.65-0.87) in the second rating with an intrarater ICC of 0.88 (95% CI, 0.83-0.94). CONCLUSIONS The Croma Static Perioral Lines-Assessment Scale and the Croma Marionette Lines-Assessment Scale have exceptional inter- and intrarater agreements that justify their use in clinical and study settings for all ethnic groups. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 5
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Lim T, Kerscher M, Ogilvie A, Pavicic T, Lorenc PZ, Frank K, Prinz V, Cajkovsky M, Pooth R, Hernandez C. Novel Validated Five-point Photonumeric Scales for Assessment of Static and Dynamic Forehead Lines. Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open 2023; 11:e5287. [PMID: 37744770 PMCID: PMC10513138 DOI: 10.1097/gox.0000000000005287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Background The objective of this investigation was to create and validate five-point photonumeric scales which assess static and dynamic forehead lines. Methods Two different novel five-point photonumeric scales for the assessment of static and dynamic forehead lines were developed. Moreover, a photoguide was created, including subjects from both sexes, all age groups, and different Fitzpatrick skin types. A total of 11 raters from all over the world were involved in the digital validation, whereas four raters performed a live validation. Results The Croma Static Forehead Lines-Assessment Scale showed almost perfect inter and intra-rater agreement in both the digital and the live setting with inter-rater intraclass correlation coefficients of 0.86 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.82-0.89] in the first digital rating and 0.82 [95% CI: 0.78-0.86] in the second digital rating. The Croma Dynamic Forehead Lines-Assessment Scale showed almost perfect inter and intra-rater agreement in the digital setting with inter-rater intraclass correlation coefficients of 0.83 [95% CI: 0.79-0.86] in the first digital rating and 0.80 [95% CI: 0.75-0.84] in the second rating and almost substantial agreement in the live setting. Conclusions The Croma Static Forehead Lines-Assessment Scale and the Croma Dynamic Forehead Lines-Assessment Scale have excellent inter and intra-rater agreements to be justifiably used in the clinical and study setting, both digitally and live across ethnic groups.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Martina Kerscher
- Division of Cosmetic Science, Department of Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Tatjana Pavicic
- Private Practice for Dermatology and Aesthetics, Munich, Germany
| | - Paul Z. Lorenc
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Lenox Hill Hospital, New York, N.Y
| | | | - Valentina Prinz
- Yuvell, Aesthetic Clinic & Clinical Trial Center, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mia Cajkovsky
- Yuvell, Aesthetic Clinic & Clinical Trial Center, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rainer Pooth
- Clinical Research and Development, ICA Aesthetic Navigation GmbH, Frankfurt, Germany
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Kerscher M, Green J, Day D, Ogilvie A, Pavicic T, Lim T, Hayano W, Lorenc ZP, Hernandez C, Frank K, Moellhoff N, Prinz V, Cajkovsky M, Pooth R. Novel, Validated Five-Point Photonumeric Scales for Assessment of the Neck and Décolleté. Aesthet Surg J 2023:7058062. [PMID: 36840504 DOI: 10.1093/asj/sjad041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A scarcity of scales which assess platysmal bands, wrinkles in the décolleté, and horizontal necklines in the digital and live setting exist. OBJECTIVES The objective of this investigation was to create and validate 5-point photo numeric scales which assess horizontal necklines, platysmal bands and wrinkles in the décolleté. METHODS A medical team created 3 different novel 5-point photonumeric scale for the assessment of horizontal necklines, platysmal bands and décolleté wrinkling. Eleven international raters were involved in the digital validation, while 4 raters performed a live validation. RESULTS The Croma Horizontal Neck Line - Assessment Scale showed substantial inter-rater agreement and almost perfect intra-rater agreement in the digital and live validations. The Croma Platysmal Bands-Assessment Scale showed substantial intra-rater agreement in both, digital and live validations. For the décolleté, a static and a dynamic scale was created and validated. The Croma Static Décolleté Wrinkling-Assessment Scale showed substantial and almost perfect inter-rater agreement in the digital validation and live-validation, respectively, while the intra-rater agreement was in both almost perfect. The Croma Dynamic Décolleté Wrinkling-Assessment Scale showed almost perfect agreement in both validation settings for both, inter-and intra-rater agreement. CONCLUSIONS The Croma Horizontal Neck Line - Assessment Scale, the Croma Static and Dynamic Décolleté Wrinkling-Assessment Scales have sufficient inter and intrarater agreements to be justifiably used in the clinical and study setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Kerscher
- Division of Cosmetic Science, Department of Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jeremy Green
- Physician in private practice in Coral Gables, Florida, USA
| | - Doris Day
- NYU Langone Health, New York, New York, USA
| | | | | | - Tingsong Lim
- Physician in private practice in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Windie Hayano
- Physician in private practice in Manila, the Philippines
| | - Z Paul Lorenc
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Lenox Hill Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | - Nicholas Moellhoff
- Division of Hand, Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany
| | - Valentina Prinz
- Clinical project manager at a private aesthetic clinic in Vienna, Austria
| | - Mia Cajkovsky
- Clinical project manager at a private aesthetic clinic in Vienna, Austria
| | - Rainer Pooth
- ICA Aesthetic Navigation GmbH, Frankfurt, Germany
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Green JB, Pavicic T, Pooth R, Prinz V, Cajkovsky M, Hernandez CA, Mueller DS, Sattler S, Klepetko H, Kerscher M, Suwanchinda A, Fabi SG, Cotofana S, Frank K, Day D. Validated 5 - Point Photonumeric Scales for the Assessment of Hand Atrophy. J Cosmet Dermatol 2022; 21:933-939. [PMID: 35034418 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.14776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Quantifying the degree of dorsal hand atrophy is a challenging endeavor but often necessary, in both the clinical and the research setting. The aim of this investigation was to create and consecutively validate a 5 - point photonumeric scale for assessment of dorsal hand atrophy. MATERIAL AND METHODS A medical team created a novel 5 - point photonumeric scale. 12 international raters were involved in the digital validation, while 5 raters performed a live validation. RESULTS For the digital validation of the Croma Hand Atrophy Assessment Scale a total of 72 subjects (58 females, 14 males) with a mean age of 43.0 ± 14.4 years [18 - 73 years] were assessed. For the live validation, 88 subjects (73 females, 15 males) with a mean age of 45.0 ± 14.1 years [20 - 73 years] were rated. The results revealed almost perfect intra - rater (ICC: 0.90 [95% CI: 0.88 - 0.92]) and inter - rater agreements (ICC : 0.85 [95% CI: 0.81 - 0.89] and 0.86 [95% CI:0.82 - 0.89]) in the digital validation and substantial intra - rater (ICC: 0.79 [95% CI: 0.75 - 0.82]) and inter - rater agreements (ICC: 0.75 [95% CI: 0.68 - 0.81] and ICC: 0.67 [95% CI: 0.54 - 0.77]) in the live validation. CONCLUSION The created scale to assess dorsal hand atrophy have been shown to provide substantial to almost perfect agreement in the digital and live validation cycles and reached comparable intra - rater and inter - rater agreement to already published and validated scales. It is expected that the created scale will help physicians and researchers in the assessment of hand atrophy in the clinical and research setting in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy B Green
- Skin Associates of South Florida, Skin Research Institute, Coral Gables
| | - Tatjana Pavicic
- Private Practice for Dermatology & Aesthetics Dr. Tatjana Pavicic, Munich, Germany
| | - Rainer Pooth
- ICA Aesthetic Navigation GmbH, Frankfurt, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Martina Kerscher
- Division of Cosmetic Sciences, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Atchima Suwanchinda
- Faculty of Medicine, Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Sebastian Cotofana
- Department of Clinical Anatomy, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Konstantin Frank
- Department for Hand, Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Ludwig - Maximilian University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Doris Day
- Private Practice, New York City, NY, USA
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Pooth R, Prinz V, Cajkovsky M, Green JB, Hernandez CA, Pavicic T, Mueller DS, Sattler S, Klepetko H, Fabi SG, Day D, Suwanchinda A, Cotofana S, Frank K. Validated 5-point photonumeric scales for the assessment of the jowls and chin. J Cosmet Dermatol 2021; 21:600-607. [PMID: 34902199 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.14661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this investigation was to create and to examine the reproducibility and validity of 5-point photonumeric assessment scales that allow objective assessment of chin retrusion and jawline sagging using a digital and a live validation. MATERIAL AND METHODS Two new 5-point photonumeric scales created to assess chin projection and jawline sagging were validated by 12 experts in a digital validation and by 5 experts in a live validation setting. Intra-rater agreement and inter-rater agreement were assessed. RESULTS For the digital validation, an almost perfect intra-rater (Kappa: 0.89 [95% CI: 0.86-0.91]) and almost perfect inter-rater agreement in both sessions (Kappa: 0.80 [95% CI: 0.74-0.86] and 0.80 [95% CI: 0.74-0.86]) was achieved for the Croma Chin Projection Assessment Scale, while intra-rater agreement (Kappa: 0.88 [95% CI: 0.85-0.91]) was almost perfect for the Croma Jawline Sagging Assessment Scale and inter-rater agreement being substantial in the first session (Kappa: 0.76 [95% CI: 0.71-0.81]) and almost perfect in the second session (Kappa: 0.81 [95%CI: 0.76-0.85]). For the live validation, intra-rater agreement was almost perfect for the Croma Chin Projection Assessment Scale (Kappa: 0.82 [95%CI: 0.74-0.90]) and the Croma Jawline Sagging Assessment Scale (Kappa: 0.83 [95%CI: 0.77-0.89]), while inter-rater agreement was substantial in both sessions for both scales. CONCLUSION The created chin and jawline photonumeric grading scales are valid and reliable tools for assessing chin projection and jawline sagging. The scales will be of value for standardized chin evaluation and quantifying outcomes in clinical research and daily practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rainer Pooth
- ICA Aesthetic Navigation GmbH, Frankfurt, Germany
| | | | | | - Jeremy B Green
- Skin Associates of South Florida, Skin Research Institute, Coral Gables, Florida, USA
| | | | - Tatjana Pavicic
- Private Practice for Dermatology & Aesthetics Dr. Tatjana Pavicic, Munich, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - Doris Day
- Private Practice, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Atchima Suwanchinda
- Faculty of Medicine, Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sebastian Cotofana
- Department of Clinical Anatomy, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Konstantin Frank
- Department for Hand, Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Ludwig - Maximilian University Munich, Munich, Germany
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Pavicic T, Pooth R, Prinz V, Cajkovsky M, Green JB, Hernandez CA, Mueller DS, Sattler S, Klepetko H, Day D, Kerscher M, Suwanchinda A, Cotofana S, Frank K, Fabi SG. Validated 5-point photonumeric scales for the assessment of the periorbital region. J Cosmet Dermatol 2021; 21:158-166. [PMID: 34865301 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.14643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this investigation was to create and validate 5-point photonumeric scales for the assessment of dynamic crow's feet, static crow's feet, and infraorbital hollows. MATERIAL AND METHODS Three novel 5-point photonumeric scales were created by a medical team. A total of 12 raters from all over the world performed a digital validation, and a total of 5 raters a live validation of the created scale. RESULTS The statistical analysis revealed almost perfect intra-rater and inter-rater reliability in the digital validation of the scales for the assessment of static and dynamic crow's feet as well as infraorbital hollows. In the live validation, both crow's feet scales showed almost perfect intra-rater reliability, while the Croma Infraorbital Hollow Assessment Scale showed substantial intra-rater reliability. Inter-rater reliability was substantial for all three scales in the live validation. All three scales, the Croma Dynamic Crow's Feet Assessment Scale, Croma Static Crow's Feet Assessment Scale, and Croma Infraorbital Hollow Assessment Scale, were validated digitally and in a live setting. CONCLUSION The created scales to assess infraorbital hollowing, dynamic and static crow's feet have been shown to provide substantial to almost perfect agreement in the digital and live validation and can thus be considered as helpful tools in the clinical and research setting. While technical methods and appliances to assess the degrees of severity of age-dependent features are advancing, validated scales are of great importance due to their ease of use and, as shown by the validations, reliability, and reproducibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatjana Pavicic
- Private Practice for Dermatology & Aesthetics Dr. Tatjana Pavicic, Munich, Germany
| | - Rainer Pooth
- ICA Aesthetic Navigation GmbH, Frankfurt, Germany
| | | | | | - Jeremy B Green
- Skin Associates of South Florida, Skin Research Institute, Coral Gables, Florida, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Doris Day
- Private Practice, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Martina Kerscher
- Division of Cosmetic Sciences, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Atchima Suwanchinda
- Faculty of Medicine, Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sebastian Cotofana
- Department of Clinical Anatomy, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Konstantin Frank
- Department for Hand, Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Ludwig - Maximilian University Munich, Munich, Germany
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Marked platysmal bands in the neck are an unwelcome sign of aging. Botulinum neurotoxin type A has been used successfully to treat this indication, but there is a need for a validated tool for accurate assessment of dynamic platysmal bands to evaluate treatment efficacy objectively. OBJECTIVE To develop a scale for objective assessment of dynamic platysmal bands and to validate its use in the clinical setting. METHODS A new 5-point photonumeric assessment scale for platysmal bands was developed. Ten experts experienced in aesthetic dermatology used the scale to rate frontal and lateral neck photographs of 50 subjects in two separate validation cycles. Inter- and intrarater reliability of the scale was assessed. RESULTS The scale comprises five ratings of platysmal band severity ranging from 0 (no relevant prominence of platysmal bands) to 4 (very severe prominence of platysmal bands). Interrater reliability was "almost perfect," with intraclass correlation coefficients of 0.81 for the first validation cycle and 0.82 for the second. Mean intrarater reliability was also high (0.89), with Pearson correlation coefficients ranging between 0.87 and 0.91. CONCLUSION The new 5-point dynamic platysmal band photonumeric assessment scale is a valuable tool for use in the aesthetic clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thorin L Geister
- Research and Development HQ, MERZ Pharmaceuticals GmbH, Frankfurt, Germany.
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Narins RS, Carruthers J, Flynn TC, Geister TL, Görtelmeyer R, Hardas B, Himmrich S, Jones D, Kerscher M, de Maio M, Mohrmann C, Pooth R, Rzany B, Sattler G, Buchner L, Benter U, Breitscheidel L, Carruthers A. Validated Assessment Scales for the Lower Face. Dermatol Surg 2012; 38:333-42. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1524-4725.2011.02247.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Carruthers J, Flynn TC, Geister TL, Görtelmeyer R, Hardas B, Himmrich S, Jones D, Kerscher M, de Maio M, Mohrmann C, Narins RS, Pooth R, Rzany B, Sattler G, Buchner L, Benter U, Breitscheidel L, Carruthers A. Validated Assessment Scales for the Mid Face. Dermatol Surg 2012; 38:320-32. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1524-4725.2011.02251.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Flynn TC, Carruthers A, Carruthers J, Geister TL, Görtelmeyer R, Hardas B, Himmrich S, Kerscher M, de Maio M, Mohrmann C, Narins RS, Pooth R, Rzany B, Sattler G, Buchner L, Benter U, Fey C, Jones D. Validated Assessment Scales for the Upper Face. Dermatol Surg 2012; 38:309-19. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1524-4725.2011.02248.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Rzany B, Carruthers A, Carruthers J, Flynn TC, Geister TL, Görtelmeyer R, Hardas B, Himmrich S, Jones D, de Maio M, Mohrmann C, Narins RS, Pooth R, Sattler G, Buchner L, Merito M, Fey C, Kerscher M. Validated Composite Assessment Scales for the Global Face. Dermatol Surg 2012; 38:294-308. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1524-4725.2011.02252.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Sattler G, Carruthers A, Carruthers J, Flynn TC, Geister TL, Görtelmeyer R, Hardas B, Himmrich S, Jones D, Kerscher M, Mohrmann C, Narins RS, Pooth R, Rzany B, Buchner L, Benter U, Breitscheidel L, de Maio M. Validated Assessment Scale for Neck Volume. Dermatol Surg 2012; 38:343-50. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1524-4725.2011.02253.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Carruthers A, Carruthers J, Hardas B, Kaur M, Goertelmeyer R, Jones D, Rzany B, Cohen J, Kerscher M, Flynn TC, Maas C, Sattler G, Gebauer A, Pooth R, McClure K, Simone-Korbel U, Buchner L. A validated grading scale for crow's feet. Dermatol Surg 2009; 34 Suppl 2:S173-8. [PMID: 19021676 DOI: 10.1111/j.1524-4725.2008.34367.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To develop the Crow's Feet Grading Scale for objective quantification of the severity of lateral canthal lines and to establish the reliability of this photonumeric scale for clinical research and practice. MATERIALS AND METHODS A 5-point photonumeric rating scale was developed to objectively quantify the severity of lateral canthal lines at rest and at maximum contracture of the orbicularis oculi. Nine experts rated photographs of 35 subjects, twice, with regard to the aspect crow's feet in comparison with morphed images. Inter- and intrarater variability was assessed by computing intraclass correlation coefficients. RESULTS The agreement between the experts was significantly high. Furthermore, the test-retest correlation coefficients were high for each expert after an overnight interval, demonstrating low inter- and intraevaluator variability. CONCLUSION The 5-point photonumeric scale generated spans the severity of the type of crow's feet for which patients most commonly seek correction. The scale is well stratified for consistent rating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alastair Carruthers
- Department of Dermatology and Skin Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
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Carruthers A, Carruthers J, Hardas B, Kaur M, Goertelmeyer R, Jones D, Rzany B, Cohen J, Kerscher M, Flynn TC, Maas C, Sattler G, Gebauer A, Pooth R, McClure K, Simone-Korbel U, Buchner L. A validated hand grading scale. Dermatol Surg 2009; 34 Suppl 2:S179-83. [PMID: 19021677 DOI: 10.1111/j.1524-4725.2008.34368.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Following the popularity of facial cosmetic procedures to reverse the signs of aging, cosmetic procedures that rejuvenate the hand are being sought. Irregular surface pigmentation, prominence of superficial veins and tendons, thinning of the dermis, and loss of subcutaneous fat typically characterize aging of the hand. OBJECTIVES To develop the Hand Grading Scale for objective quantification of the severity of hand aging and to establish the reliability of this photonumeric scale for clinical research and practice. MATERIALS AND METHODS The Hand Grading Scale is a 5-point photonumeric rating scale that was developed to objectively quantify the severity of aging of the hand. Nine experts rated photographs of 35 subjects, twice, with regard to the aspect "hand aging" in comparison with morphed images. Inter- and intrarater variability was assessed by computing intraclass correlation coefficients. RESULTS The agreement between the experts was considerably high. Bubble plots (bivariate scatter plots) demonstrated linearity in judgment by the experts. CONCLUSION The 5-point photonumeric scale generated spans the severity of hand aging for which patients most commonly seek correction. The scale is well stratified for consistent rating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alastair Carruthers
- Department of Dermatology and Skin Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
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Carruthers A, Carruthers J, Hardas B, Kaur M, Goertelmeyer R, Jones D, Rzany B, Cohen J, Kerscher M, Flynn TC, Maas C, Sattler G, Gebauer A, Pooth R, McClure K, Simone-Korbel U, Buchner L. A validated brow positioning grading scale. Dermatol Surg 2009; 34 Suppl 2:S150-4. [PMID: 19021672 DOI: 10.1111/j.1524-4725.2008.34363.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND One of the first areas to show facial aging is the periorbital region, where brow malposition contributes to the overall appearance of aging. Movement and positioning of the brows are also sex specific. Men may desire a low brow, whereas women may prefer high, arched brows. OBJECTIVES To develop the Brow Positioning Grading Scale for objective quantification of eyebrow position and to establish the reliability of this photonumeric scale for clinical research and practice. MATERIALS AND METHODS A 5-point photonumeric rating scale was developed to objectively quantify positioning of eyebrows at rest. Nine experts rated photographs of 35 subjects twice with regard to positioning of the eyebrow in comparison with morphed images. Inter- and intrarater variability was assessed by computing intraclass correlation coefficients. RESULTS Bubble plots (bivariate scatter plots) demonstrated linearity in judgment by the experts. The test-retest correlation coefficients were acceptable for each expert. CONCLUSION The 5-point photonumeric scale generated spans the positioning of the eyebrow for which patients commonly seek correction. The scale is well stratified for consistent rating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alastair Carruthers
- Department of Dermatology and Skin Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
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Carruthers A, Carruthers J, Hardas B, Kaur M, Goertelmeyer R, Jones D, Rzany B, Cohen J, Kerscher M, Flynn TC, Maas C, Sattler G, Gebauer A, Pooth R, McClure K, Simone-Korbel U, Buchner L. A validated lip fullness grading scale. Dermatol Surg 2009; 34 Suppl 2:S161-6. [PMID: 19021674 DOI: 10.1111/j.1524-4725.2008.34365.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To develop the Lip Fullness Grading Scale for objective quantification of lip volume for a reliable assessment and to establish the reliability of this photonumeric scale for clinical research and practice. MATERIALS AND METHODS A 5-point photonumeric rating scale was developed to objectively quantify fullness of upper and lower lip separately. Nine experts rated photographs of 35 subjects, twice, separately for upper and lower lip. Inter- and intrarater variability was assessed by computing intraclass correlation coefficients. RESULTS Agreement between the experts was high. Bubble plots (bivariate scatter plots) demonstrated linearity in judgment by the experts. CONCLUSION The 5-point photonumeric scale generated spans the fullness of the upper and lower lip for which patients commonly seek correction. This scale is well stratified, with low intra- and interrater variability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alastair Carruthers
- Department of Dermatology and Skin Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
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Carruthers A, Carruthers J, Hardas B, Kaur M, Goertelmeyer R, Jones D, Rzany B, Cohen J, Kerscher M, Flynn TC, Maas C, Sattler G, Gebauer A, Pooth R, McClure K, Simone-Korbel U, Buchner L. A validated grading scale for forehead lines. Dermatol Surg 2009; 34 Suppl 2:S155-60. [PMID: 19021673 DOI: 10.1111/j.1524-4725.2008.34364.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As with other facial wrinkles, the gradual loss and disorganization of collagen fibers and elastin, connective tissues that provide underlying support for skin, cause horizontal forehead rhytides in large part. OBJECTIVES To develop the Forehead Lines Grading Scale for objective quantification of horizontal forehead rhytides at rest and with expression and to establish the reliability of this photonumeric scale for clinical research and practice. MATERIALS AND METHODS The Forehead Lines Grading Scale is a 5-point photonumeric rating scale that was developed to objectively quantify resting (static) and hyperkinetic (dynamic) forehead lines. Inter- and intrarater variability was assessed by computing intraclass correlation coefficients. RESULTS The agreement between the experts was highly significant. Bubble plots (bivariate scatter plots) demonstrated linearity in judgment by the experts. CONCLUSION The 5-point photonumeric scale generated spans the severity of forehead lines for which patients commonly seek correction. The scale is well stratified for consistent rating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alastair Carruthers
- Department of Dermatology and Skin Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
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Carruthers A, Carruthers J, Hardas B, Kaur M, Goertelmeyer R, Jones D, Rzany B, Cohen J, Kerscher M, Flynn TC, Maas C, Sattler G, Gebauer A, Pooth R, McClure K, Simone-Korbel U, Buchner L. A validated grading scale for marionette lines. Dermatol Surg 2009; 34 Suppl 2:S167-72. [PMID: 19021675 DOI: 10.1111/j.1524-4725.2008.34366.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Melomental folds, or marionette lines, are one of the consequences of facial aging. The curvilinear wrinkles formed because of facial movements and the aging process extend downward from the oral commissures. OBJECTIVES To develop the Marionette Lines Grading Scale for objective quantification of the severity of melomental folds and to establish the reliability of this photonumeric scale for clinical research and practice. MATERIALS AND METHODS A 5-point photonumeric rating scale was developed to objectively quantify the severity of melomental folds. Nine experts rated photographs of 35 subjects, twice, with regard to marionette lines in comparison with morphed images. Inter- and intrarater variability was assessed by computing intraclass correlation coefficients. RESULTS The agreement between the experts was high. Bubble plots (bivariate scatter plots) demonstrated linearity in judgment by the experts. CONCLUSION The 5-point photonumeric scale generated spans the severity of marionette lines for which patients commonly seek correction. The scale is well stratified for consistent rating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alastair Carruthers
- Department of Dermatology and Skin Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
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Bockhard H, Oelschläger H, Pooth R. [Fast thin-layer densitometric determination of the nootropic piracetam in biological material]. Pharmazie 1997; 52:357-61. [PMID: 9229717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
After oral doses of piracetam this drug is detectable in serum as well as in urine after formation of the red Fe(III)-hydroxamatecomplex by thin-layer densitometry. Detection in serum requires extraction with a mixture of dichloromethane/ methanol, while urine can be used directly after dilution. The limit of quantification in urine is 100 micrograms/ml and in serum 4.0 micrograms/ml. The new method was validated by HPLC. The coefficient of correlation was 0.9999% for determination in urine and 0.9986% for determination in serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Bockhard
- Institut für Pharmazie, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität, Jena, Germany
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Prestel R, Storck M, Pooth R, Steinbach G, Hammer C, Abendroth D. Na-K/2Cl transporter inhibition for reduction of postis-chemic kidney failure tested in autologous reperfusion. Transpl Int 1996. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-2277.1996.tb01670.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Abendroth D, Prestel R, Storck M, Steinbach G, Pooth R, Hammer C. Effect of Na/K/2Cl transporter inhibition with piretanide on postischemic kidney function. Transplant Proc 1996; 28:83-4. [PMID: 8644349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- D Abendroth
- Department of Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University of Ulm, Germany
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Prestel R, Storck M, Pooth R, Steinbach G, Hammer C, Abendroth D. Na-K/2Cl transporter inhibition for reduction of postischemic kidney failure tested in autologous reperfusion. Transpl Int 1996; 9 Suppl 1:S437-41. [PMID: 8959881 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-662-00818-8_105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Postischemic kidney function may be influenced by donor conditioning. The sulfamoyl-benzoate "piretanide" (P) is a diuretic agent with an inhibitory effect on the luminal Na-K-2CL-transporter system in the ascending part of the loop of Henle. A clinical pilot study demonstrated a lower rate of organ dysfunction following transplantation in humans when the donor organs were pretreated with piretanide. In an experimental ex vivo model the effect of piretanide on immediate organ function following long or short cold ischemia was studied. Porcine kidneys (n = 36) were removed after in situ transaortal hypothermic flushing with 21 Eurocollins solution. Following short storage (1 h, n = 18) or long storage (24 h, n = 18) the kidneys were reperfused with intraoperatively drawn heparinized autologous blood diluted with Ringer's lactate to a hematocrit of 25%. Urine flow was higher in the piretanide-pretreated group (p), especially after long storage. The electrolyte loss was comparable in both groups. Postischemic endogenous creatinine clearance was significantly elevated in the treatment group (4.45 +/- 0.6 ml/min per 100 mg in P vs 1.91 +/- 0.4 ml/min per 100 mg, in control, P < 0.05 Mann-Whitney test). Renal hemodynamics were improved by piretanide, resulting in significantly lower resistance and allowing higher flow during pressure-controlled perfusion. O2 consumption, representing general metabolic activity, was higher after long storage, indicating an earlier recovery from cold ischemia. In this ex vivo model, autologous reperfusion of porcine kidneys could be improved by piretanide pretreatment. Autoregulation of kidney vasculature was maintained as well as functional parameters such as creatinine clearance or gluconeogenesis. Therefore, piretanide may be used in larger clinical trials to further improve organ quality in times of donor shortage.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Prestel
- Institute for Surgical Research, LM University Munich, Germany
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Wolf G, Thaiss F, Mueller E, Disser M, Pooth R, Zahner G, Stahl RA. Glomerular mRNA expression of angiotensinase A after renal ablation. Exp Nephrol 1995; 3:240-248. [PMID: 8590037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The local concentration of angiotensin II (ANG II) in the renal microenvironment is not only controlled by the generation of this peptide but also by its enzymatic degradation. Angiotensinase A (ATA; aminopeptidase A, A.C.3.4.11.7) is a major exopeptidase of the glomerulus involvement in the metabolism of ANG II. We studied the glomerular mRNA levels of ATA in a remnant kidney model 1-12 weeks after 1 1/3 nephrectomy. Functional parameters (systolic blood pressure and albuminuria) demonstrated the progression of renal disease in this model. Glomerular ATA enzyme activity significantly increased 1-5 weeks after nephrectomy and returned to control levels 12 weeks after ablation. In general, changes in steady-state mRNA expression for ATA were rather small. mRNA expression for ATA in isolated glomeruli as evaluated by northern blots was slightly increased 1 and 3 weeks after 1 1/3 nephrectomy but was suppressed 5 and 12 weeks after renal ablation compared to age-matched 2-kidney controls. Treatment of animals with the ACE inhibitor ramipril for 5 and 12 weeks partly inhibited the decrease in ATA transcripts after 1 1/3 nephrectomy and stimulated expression in 2-kidney controls whereas the ACE inhibitor decreased glomerular ATA enzyme activity in nephrectomized rats at 5 weeks. Isolated glomeruli from normal controls superfused with 10(-6) M ANG II for 60 min demonstrated no change in ATA transcripts. Our results show that ATA steady-state mRNA levels are slightly elevated early (1-3 weeks) after renal ablation, and are subsequently suppressed (5-12 weeks). ATA enzyme activity is also increased early and returned (12 weeks) to levels measured in age-matched 2-kidney controls.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- G Wolf
- Department of Medicine, University of Hamburg, Germany
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Abendroth D, Pooth R, Schneeberger H, Land W. Effects of piretanide on early graft function in kidney transplantation: a pilot study. Transplant Proc 1993; 25:2616-7. [PMID: 8356694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- D Abendroth
- Division of Vascular, Thoracic, and Cardiac Surgery, University of Ulm, Germany
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Schaefer RM, Seufert H, Schafferhans K, Gilge U, Schulz HU, Pooth R, Heidland A. [Determination of glomerular filtration rate in man using single shot piracetam clearance]. Internist (Berl) 1992; 33 Suppl 1:S23-6. [PMID: 1428692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R M Schaefer
- Medizinische Universitätsklinik, Nephrologie, Würzburg
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Keller E, Reetze-Bonorden P, Rambauseck M, Pooth R. [Pharmacodynamics of piretanide in compromised kidney function. Dose response relationship and equipotency with furosemide]. Internist (Berl) 1992; 33 Suppl 1:S36-8. [PMID: 1428696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E Keller
- Abteilung IV, Medizinische Universitätsklinik Freiburg
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Plum J, Plum F, Pooth R, Grabensee B. [Clinical and pathophysiologic effects of piretanide in nephrotic syndrome]. Internist (Berl) 1992; 33 Suppl 1:S39-45. [PMID: 1428697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J Plum
- Abteilung für Nephrologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf
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Abendroth D, Pooth R, Schneeberger H, Land W. [Effect of piretanide on disorders of kidney function in kidney transplantation. A pilot project]. Internist (Berl) 1992; 33 Suppl 1:S6-9. [PMID: 1428700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D Abendroth
- Abteilung für Transplantationschirurgie, Universität München
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Plum J, Plum F, Pooth R, Grabensee B. Clinical and pathophysiological effects of piretanide treatment in the nephrotic syndrome. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther Toxicol 1991; 29:400-6. [PMID: 1836204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
12 patients with the nephrotic syndrome (N.S.) and normal serum creatinine (less than 1.5 mg/dl) were investigated in a follow-up study over 10 days under diuretic treatment with piretanide (29 +/- 24 pg/ml). Clinical effects, parameters of renal clearance and hemodynamics, metabolic changes and the influence on vasoactive and volume dependent hormonal systems were studied. Piretanide markedly increased urine volume and electrolyte excretion (Vu +53%, UNa +24%, p less than 0.05, after 10 days treatment) but did not significantly alter glomerular filtration rate or renal blood flow. While baseline plasma renin activity was in the normal range and regularly stimulated (2.55 ng/ml x h to 7.7 ng/ml x h) plasma ANP values were elevated (152 +/- 107 pg/ml) at the start of the study and did not significantly change under piretanide treatment. This may be an indicator of sodium retention and a high plasma volume in the primary form of the nephrotic syndrome. Thereby piretanide did not significantly alter the intravascular space.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Plum
- Department of Nephrology, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
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Sievert H, Hopf R, Vens-Cappell F, Kirsten R, Nelson K, Pooth R, Kaltenbach M. [Piretanide in chronic and acute decompensated heart failure. Effect on hemodynamics and vasoactive hormones]. Med Klin (Munich) 1989; 84:282-5. [PMID: 2755412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Eight patients with chronic heart failure classified as NYHA class II to III (group 1) and nine patients with acute decompensated heart failure classified as NYHA class IV (group 2) were treated with piretanide at a dosage of 12 mg administered intravenously. In both groups the level of prostaglandine PGE2 as well as plasma renine activity significantly increased prior to the onset of diuresis. The percentage increase was more pronounced in group 1 which had lower baseline values. With a time-lag, the norepinephrine plasma level also increased significantly. During the first 30 minutes there was only little effect on blood pressure, pulmonary artery pressure and cardiac output in patients with chronic heart failure (group 1). Only after 60 minutes there was a significant decrease in mean pulmonary artery pressure (from 39 +/- 17 to 33 +/- 18 mm Hg; p less than 0.05). In patients with acute decompensated heart failure (group 2) piretanide led to a significant reduction in mean pulmonary artery pressure (from 42 +/- 13 to 37 +/- 12 mm Hg; p less than 0.05) within 15 minutes after administration, i.e. even prior to the onset of diuresis. Thus, the administration of piretanide had a positive effect on hemodynamics in patients with chronic as well as in patients with acute decompensated heart failure. Significant improvement prior to diuresis onset, however, was only found in patients with acute decompensated heart failure. These effects may be explained by a stimulation of prostaglandines which promote vasodilation. They are increased by the diuresis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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