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Illath K, Kar S, Shinde A, Ojha R, Iyer DR, Mahapatra NR, Nagai M, Santra TS. Microfluidic device-fabricated spiky nano-burflower shape gold nanomaterials facilitate large biomolecule delivery into cells using infrared light pulses. Lab Chip 2023; 23:4783-4803. [PMID: 37870396 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc00341h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Photothermal nanoparticle-sensitised photoporation is an emerging approach, which is considered an efficient tool for the intracellular delivery of biomolecules. Nevertheless, using this method to achieve high transfection efficiency generally compromises cell viability and uneven distribution of nanoparticles results in non-uniform delivery. Here, we show that high aspect ratio gold nano-burflowers, synthesised in a microfluidic device, facilitate highly efficient small to very-large cargo delivery uniformly using infrared light pulses without sacrificing cell viability. By precisely controlling the flow rates of shaping reagent and reducing agent, high-density (24 numbers) sharply branched spikes (∼80 nm tip-to-tip length) of higher aspect ratios (∼6.5) with a small core diameter (∼45 nm) were synthesised. As produced gold burflower-shape nanoparticles are biocompatible, colloidally stable (large surface zeta potential value), and uniform in morphology with a higher plasmonic peak (max. 890 nm). Theoretical analysis revealed that spikes on the nanoparticles generate a higher electromagnetic field enhancement upon interaction with light pulses. It induces plasmonic nanobubbles in the vicinity of the cells, followed by pore formation on the membrane leading to diverse biomolecular delivery into cells. Our platform has been successfully implemented for uniform delivery of small to very large biomolecules, including siRNA (20-24 bp), plasmid DNA expressing green fluorescent protein (6.2 kbp), Cas-9 plasmid (9.3 kbp), and β-galactosidase enzyme (465 kDa) into diverse mammalian cells with high transfection efficiency and cell viability. For very large biomolecules such as enzymes, the best results were achieved as ∼100% transfection efficiency and ∼100% cell viability in SiHa cells. Together, our findings demonstrate that the spiky gold nano-burflower shape nanoparticles manufactured in a microfluidic system exhibited excellent plasmonic behaviour and could serve as an effective tool in manipulating cell physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavitha Illath
- Department of Engineering Design, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, India.
| | - Srabani Kar
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Tirupati, India
| | - Ashwini Shinde
- Department of Engineering Design, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, India.
| | - Rajdeep Ojha
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | - Dhanya R Iyer
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, India
| | - Nitish R Mahapatra
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, India
| | - Moeto Nagai
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Toyohashi University of Technology, Aichi, Japan
| | - Tuhin Subhra Santra
- Department of Engineering Design, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, India.
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Ojha R, Singh A, George J, Chandy BR. Neuromodulation of spinal reflex pathway for the treatment of detrusor overactivity by medial plantar nerve stimulation at surface of sole of foot in patients with spinal cord injury. J Neurosci Rural Pract 2023; 14:495-500. [PMID: 37692814 PMCID: PMC10483192 DOI: 10.25259/jnrp_27_2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Suprasacral spinal cord lesions are prone to have neurogenic detrusor overactivity leading to urinary incontinence. Current medical management has known side-effects and often surgical managements are irreversible. Electrical stimulation to modulate spinal reflex pathway having same nerve root as urinary bladder is reported in the literature. This study aimed to reduce detrusor overactivity in patients with spinal cord injury (SCI) using surface electrical stimulation of medial plantar nerve at the sole of foot. Materials and Methods Twenty adults with SCI having episode of at least 1 leak/day due to detrusor overactivity as diagnosed by cystometrogram (CMG), were on clean intermittent catheterization and ankle jerk was present consented for the study. Participants were asked to maintain bladder diary a week before and during 2 weeks of treatment. CMG was done on day-0 and day-14. cmcUroModul@tor®, an inhouse developed electrical stimulator was used for ½ h daily for period of 2 weeks. Patient satisfaction feedback questionnaire was taken on completion of treatment. CMG data were analyzed using Wilcoxon signed-ranked test while bladder diary was analyzed using binomial distribution. P < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Institutional Review Board (IRB) and ethics committee of Christian Medical College, Vellore, approved the study (CMC/IRB/11061). Results Statistical significant improvement in maximum detrusor pressure (P = 0.03) and cystometric capacity (P = 0.04) was observed. Of 20 subjects, 18 showed improvement in bladder diary. Conclusion Neuromodulation of medial plantar nerve at sole of foot by surface electrical stimulation is non-invasive, cost-effective, and alternative simple treatment modality for urinary incontinence due to detrusor overactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajdeep Ojha
- Center for Advanced Technology Enabled Rehabilitation (CATER), Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Abhinav Singh
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Bihar, India
| | - Jacob George
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Christian Medical College, Vellore Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Bobeena Rachel Chandy
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Christian Medical College, Vellore Tamil Nadu, India
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Ojha R, Ezung C, Chalageri PH, Chandy BR, Isaac J, Marimuthu S, Jeyaseelan L, Tharion G. Ankle dorsiflexion assist using a single sensor-based FES: Results from clinical study on patients with stroke. J Neurosci Rural Pract 2023; 14:48-54. [PMID: 36891092 PMCID: PMC9945029 DOI: 10.25259/jnrp-2022-8-6-(2766)] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Ankle foot orthosis (AFO) commonly prescribed to manage foot-drop following stroke restricts ankle mobility. Commercially available functional electrical stimulation (FES) is an expensive alternative to achieve desired dorsiflexion during swing phase of the gait cycle. An in-house cost-effective innovative solution was designed and developed to address this problem.The aim of the study was to compare spatiotemporal gait characteristics of patients with foot-drop following stroke using commercially available FES against in-house developed versatile single sensor-based FES. Material and Methods Ten patients with cerebrovascular accident of at least 3 months duration and ambulant with/without AFO were recruited prospectively. They were trained with Device-1 (Commercial Device) and Device-2 (In-house developed, Re-Lift) for 7 h over 3 consecutive days with each device. Outcome measures included timed-up-and-go-test (TUG), six-minute-walk-test (6MWT), ten-meter-walk-test (10MWT), physiological cost index (PCI), instrumented gait analysis derived spatiotemporal parameters, and patient satisfaction feedback questionnaire. We calculated intraclass correlation between devices and median interquartile range. Statistical analysis included Wilcoxon-signed-rank-test and F-test (P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant). Bland Altman and scatter plots were plotted for both devices. Results Intraclass correlation coefficient for 6MWT (0.96), 10MWT (0.97), TUG test (0.99), and PCI (0.88) reflected high agreement between the two devices. Scatter plot and Bland Altman plots for the outcome parameters showed good correlation between two FES devices. Patient satisfaction scores were equal for both Device-1 and Device-2. There was statistically significant change in swing phase ankle dorsiflexion. Conclusions The study demonstrated good correlation between commercial FES and Re-Lift suggestive of the utility of low-cost FES device in clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajdeep Ojha
- Center for Advanced Technology Enabled Rehabilitation (CATER), Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Chenithung Ezung
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Christian Institute of Health Sciences and Research Hospital, Dimapur, Nagaland, India
| | - Prashanth H. Chalageri
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Christian Medical College Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Bobeena Rachel Chandy
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Christian Medical College Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Joyce Isaac
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Christian Medical College Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S. Marimuthu
- Department of Biostatistics, Christian Medical College Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Lakshamanan Jeyaseelan
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - George Tharion
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Christian Medical College Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
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Sudeesh S, Shunmugam MS, Ojha R, Moulic SG, Sujatha S. Swing phase considerations in prosthetic knee design: Case series to validate simulations. Prosthet Orthot Int 2022; 46:437-443. [PMID: 35413018 DOI: 10.1097/pxr.0000000000000121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previously reported simulations comparing a new polycentric knee (called IPK) and a single-axis knee suggested that polycentricity could lead to improved performance during swing phase and negate the need for an extension assist. They also showed that an anteriorly translated socket adapter for enhanced stance stability compromises foot clearance during swing. OBJECTIVES The objectives of this study are to validate those findings using gait trials to enable further improvement in the IPK design before mass production. METHODS Three subjects regularly using three different passive knees, single-axis knee without extension assist, single-axis knee with extension assist (SAK-EA), and polycentric knee with extension assist (Mobility India-sourced polycentric knee), participated in this study. Their gait with their regular prosthesis and with IPK (having no extension assist) were analyzed, compared, and broadly correlated with simulation results. RESULTS Extension assist in single-axis knee with extension assist improved swing performance, affected foot clearance in Mobility India-sourced polycentric knee, and was found to be unnecessary in the IPK. With an anteriorly placed socket adapter in the IPK, compensatory strategies were necessary for foot clearance. The IPK was found to provide better knee extension characteristics with lower hip effort (up to 42% reduction) than other knees. CONCLUSIONS This case series confirmed previously reported simulation results on the swing phase behavior of passive prosthetic knees. The performance of the IPK during swing obviated the need for an extension assist, thereby simplifying the design. Appropriate design changes in the IPK's socket adapter location are required to achieve both stance stability and reduce gait compensations for foot clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sudeesh
- Master of Technology in Mechatronics Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, IIT Madras, Chennai, India
| | - M S Shunmugam
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, IIT Madras, Chennai, India
| | - R Ojha
- Movement Analysis and Rehab Research Laboratories, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | - S G Moulic
- Technical & Quality Systems (Rehab Services & Product Development), Mobility India, Bangalore, India
| | - S Sujatha
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, IIT Madras, Chennai, India
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Patel G, Mullerpatan R, Agarwal B, Shetty T, Ojha R, Shaikh-Mohammed J, Sujatha S. Validation of wearable inertial sensor-based gait analysis system for measurement of spatiotemporal parameters and lower extremity joint kinematics in sagittal plane. Proc Inst Mech Eng H 2022; 236:686-696. [DOI: 10.1177/09544119211072971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Wearable inertial sensor-based motion analysis systems are promising alternatives to standard camera-based motion capture systems for the measurement of gait parameters and joint kinematics. These wearable sensors, unlike camera-based gold standard systems, find usefulness in outdoor natural environment along with confined indoor laboratory-based environment due to miniature size and wireless data transmission. This study reports validation of our developed (i-Sens) wearable motion analysis system against standard motion capture system. Gait analysis was performed at self-selected speed on non-disabled volunteers in indoor ( n = 15) and outdoor ( n = 8) environments. Two i-Sens units were placed at the level of knee and hip along with passive markers (for indoor study only) for simultaneous 3D motion capture using a motion capture system. Mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) was computed for spatiotemporal parameters from the i-Sens system versus the motion capture system as a true reference. Mean and standard deviation of kinematic data for a gait cycle were plotted for both systems against normative data. Joint kinematics data were analyzed to compute the root mean squared error (RMSE) and Pearson’s correlation coefficient. Kinematic plots indicate a high degree of accuracy of the i-Sens system with the reference system. Excellent positive correlation was observed between the two systems in terms of hip and knee joint angles (Indoor: hip 3.98° ± 1.03°, knee 6.48° ± 1.91°, Outdoor: hip 3.94° ± 0.78°, knee 5.82° ± 0.99°) with low RMSE. Reliability characteristics (defined using standard statistical thresholds of MAPE) of stride length, cadence, walking speed in both outdoor and indoor environment were well within the “Good” category. The i-Sens system has emerged as a potentially cost-effective, valid, accurate, and reliable alternative to expensive, standard motion capture systems for gait analysis. Further clinical trials using the i-Sens system are warranted on participants across different age groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunjan Patel
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, TTK Center for Rehabilitation Research and Device Development (R2D2), IIT Madras, Chennai, India
- Biodesign Medical Technology, Synersense Private Limited, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Rajani Mullerpatan
- MGM School of Physiotherapy, MGM Institute of Health Sciences, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Bela Agarwal
- MGM School of Physiotherapy, MGM Institute of Health Sciences, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Triveni Shetty
- MGM School of Physiotherapy, MGM Institute of Health Sciences, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Rajdeep Ojha
- Movement Analysis and Rehab Research Laboratories, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | - Javeed Shaikh-Mohammed
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, TTK Center for Rehabilitation Research and Device Development (R2D2), IIT Madras, Chennai, India
| | - S Sujatha
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, TTK Center for Rehabilitation Research and Device Development (R2D2), IIT Madras, Chennai, India
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Ojha R, Sannyasi G, Prakash N, Isaac J, Maheswari V, Mahasampath GS, Tharion G. Gait Characteristics Following Stroke: A Prospective Crossover Study to Compare Ankle-Foot Orthosis with Functional Electrical Stimulation. Neurol India 2022; 70:1830-1835. [DOI: 10.4103/0028-3886.359240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Ojha R, Oli K. Guillain Barre syndrome: A prospective analysis of clnical outcome in Nepal. J Neurol Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2017.08.1853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Ojha R, Singh S, Bhattacharyya S. JAK-mediated autophagy regulates stemness and cell survival in cisplatin resistant bladder cancer cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2016; 1860:2484-2497. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2016.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Revised: 07/16/2016] [Accepted: 07/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Ackermann M, Ajello M, Atwood WB, Baldini L, Ballet J, Barbiellini G, Bastieri D, Gonzalez JB, Bellazzini R, Bissaldi E, Blandford RD, Bloom ED, Bonino R, Bottacini E, Brandt TJ, Bregeon J, Britto RJ, Bruel P, Buehler R, Buson S, Caliandro GA, Cameron RA, Caragiulo M, Caraveo PA, Carpenter B, Casandjian JM, Cavazzuti E, Cecchi C, Charles E, Chekhtman A, Cheung CC, Chiang J, Chiaro G, Ciprini S, Claus R, Cohen-Tanugi J, Cominsky LR, Conrad J, Cutini S, D’Abrusco R, D’Ammando F, Angelis AD, Desiante R, Digel SW, Venere LD, Drell PS, Favuzzi C, Fegan SJ, Ferrara EC, Finke J, Focke WB, Franckowiak A, Fuhrmann L, Fukazawa Y, Furniss AK, Fusco P, Gargano F, Gasparrini D, Giglietto N, Giommi P, Giordano F, Giroletti M, Glanzman T, Godfrey G, Grenier IA, Grove JE, Guiriec S, Hewitt JW, Hill AB, Horan D, Itoh R, Jóhannesson G, Johnson AS, Johnson WN, Kataoka J, Kawano T, Krauss F, Kuss M, Mura GL, Larsson S, Latronico L, Leto C, Li J, Li L, Longo F, Loparco F, Lott B, Lovellette MN, Lubrano P, Madejski GM, Mayer M, Mazziotta MN, McEnery JE, Michelson PF, Mizuno T, Moiseev AA, Monzani ME, Morselli A, Moskalenko IV, Murgia S, Nuss E, Ohno M, Ohsugi T, Ojha R, Omodei N, Orienti M, Orlando E, Paggi A, Paneque D, Perkins JS, Pesce-Rollins M, Piron F, Pivato G, Porter TA, Rainò S, Rando R, Razzano M, Razzaque S, Reimer A, Reimer O, Romani RW, Salvetti D, Schaal M, Schinzel FK, Schulz A, Sgrò C, Siskind EJ, Sokolovsky KV, Spada F, Spandre G, Spinelli P, Stawarz L, Suson DJ, Takahashi H, Takahashi T, Tanaka Y, Thayer JG, Thayer JB, Tibaldo L, Torres DF, Torresi E, Tosti G, Troja E, Uchiyama Y, Vianello G, Winer BL, Wood KS, Zimmer S. THE THIRD CATALOG OF ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI DETECTED BY THEFERMILARGE AREA TELESCOPE. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1088/0004-637x/810/1/14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 424] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Tu Z, Huang D, Yang J, Ojha R, Xiao Y, Liu R, Du C, Shen N, An H, Yu F, Yue E, Huang Z. Effect of dyslipidemia on intima-media thickness of intra- and extracranial atherosclerosis by regulating the expression of hsp70 in rabbits. Int J Clin Exp Med 2015; 8:5446-5453. [PMID: 26131122 PMCID: PMC4484004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 03/14/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to explore the effect of dyslipidemia on intima-media thickness (IMT) of Intra- and extracranial atherosclerosis by regulating the expression of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) in rabbits. Twenty-seven male white rabbits were randomly divided into normal control group A, high fat group B and high fat + endothelial injury operation group C (each group was 9), we measured lipids and obtained tissues from different cerebral arteries including Bilateral common carotid artery (CCA), Internal carotid artery (ICA), middle cerebral artery (MCA) and vertebral artery (VA). Pathological analysis were done, western blot analysis was used to detect the expression of HSP70 in CCA and MCA. The Serum lipid levels were overall significantly increased at 12(th) week in Group B and Group C compared to normal control (P < 0.05); at 12(th) week, the IMT of CCA and MCA in group B and C were showed significant increment compared with Group A; the correlation between HDL/CHOL/LDL and IMT of different cerebral arteries are as follows: MCA > ICA > CCA > VA; between TG and IMT of different cerebral arteries: VA > ICA > MCA > CCA; the expression of HSP70 from MCA were increased compared with CCA in group B and group C (P < 0.05). Significant positive correlations were observed between hyperlipidemia and different cerebral arteries. Hyperlipidemia has more impact on IMT of intracranial cerebral arteries. The expression of HSP70 from intracranial cerebral arteries is significantly increased. The mechanisms underlied was speculated that might be involved in inhibiting the inflammatory via HSP70.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhilan Tu
- Department of Neurology, East Hospital, Tongji University School of MedicineShanghai 200120, China
| | - Dongya Huang
- Department of Neurology, East Hospital, Tongji University School of MedicineShanghai 200120, China
| | - Jiajun Yang
- Department of Neurology, Sixth People’s Hospital of Shanghai Jiaotong UniversityShanghai 200240, China
| | - R Ojha
- Department of Neurology, East Hospital, Tongji University School of MedicineShanghai 200120, China
| | - Yaping Xiao
- Department of Neurology, East Hospital, Tongji University School of MedicineShanghai 200120, China
| | - Rong Liu
- Department of Neurology, East Hospital, Tongji University School of MedicineShanghai 200120, China
| | - Cui Du
- Department of Neurology, East Hospital, Tongji University School of MedicineShanghai 200120, China
| | - Nan Shen
- Department of Neurology, East Hospital, Tongji University School of MedicineShanghai 200120, China
| | - Hedi An
- Department of Neurology, East Hospital, Tongji University School of MedicineShanghai 200120, China
| | - Fei Yu
- Department of Neurology, East Hospital, Tongji University School of MedicineShanghai 200120, China
| | - Erli Yue
- Department of Neurology, East Hospital, Tongji University School of MedicineShanghai 200120, China
| | - Zhifang Huang
- Department of Neurology, East Hospital, Tongji University School of MedicineShanghai 200120, China
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Ojha R, George J, Chandy BR, Tharion G, Devasahayam SR. Neuromodulation by surface electrical stimulation of peripheral nerves for reduction of detrusor overactivity in patients with spinal cord injury: A pilot study. J Spinal Cord Med 2015; 38:207-13. [PMID: 24621046 PMCID: PMC4397203 DOI: 10.1179/2045772313y.0000000175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To demonstrate reduction in detrusor overactivity using surface electrical stimulation of posterior tibial nerve (PTN) or dorsal penile nerve (DPN) in patients with spinal cord injury (SCI). DESIGN Patients with SCI with symptoms of urinary urgency/leaks, with cystometrogram (CMG) proven detrusor overactivity were recruited in this study. Ten persons with observable F-wave from tibial nerve were included in the PTN group. Five persons who had F-wave absent but preserved bulbocavernosus reflex were included in the DPN group. Stimulation was given at 20 Hz, 10-40 mA for 20 minutes/session/day for 14 consecutive days. Detrusor overactivity was recorded using CMG on days 1 and 15. SETTINGS Rehabilitation Institute, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Christian Medical College and Hospital, Vellore, TN, India. PARTICIPANTS Patients with SCI. INTERVENTIONS Surface stimulation of peripheral nerves for reduction of detrusor overactivity. OUTCOME MEASURES Qualitative analysis using voiding diary data and quantitative analysis using CMG data comparing pre- and post-intervention. RESULTS P value obtained from voiding chart was 0.021 for PTN and 0.062 for DPN. P value obtained from CMG data was not significant in both groups. In one subject, treatment was extended to 4 weeks and further improvement in voiding diary was seen. CONCLUSIONS In this pilot study of 15 patients, voiding chart data showed statistically significant improvement following PTN stimulation and trend of improvement following DPN stimulation. However, the CMG data were not statistically significant in this sample population. Further studies with larger, appropriately powered sample size would be helpful to demonstrate the associations of symptoms with CMG data. Trial registration CTRI no.; CTRI/2012/12/003234; CMCH Approval no.: CMC/IRB/6735/2008/12/18.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajdeep Ojha
- Department of Bioengineering, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India,Correspondence to: Rajdeep Ojha, Department of Bioengineering, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632002, India.
| | - Jacob George
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | | | - George Tharion
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
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Ojha R, Paudel R, Shah DB, Shrestha A, Koirala S, Adhikari K, Wagle P. EHMTI-0175. Analysis of migraine among Nepalese population: classification, triggering factors, prophylactic and abortive treatment. J Headache Pain 2014. [PMCID: PMC4182263 DOI: 10.1186/1129-2377-15-s1-g28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Ojha R, Villarreal D, Coughtrey H. Neonatal presentation of incontinentia pigmenti with a family history extending over four generations--a case report. J Neonatal Perinatal Med 2014; 7:151-5. [PMID: 25104119 DOI: 10.3233/npm-1475413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
We report a case of Incontinentia pigmenti (IP). A day 2 female presented to the special care nursery with seizures. EEG showed multifocal epileptiform discharges and cranial MRI revealed extensive cerebral infarction. A rash appeared shortly after birth. Eye examination revealed changes of IP. There is a strong family history of IP. Genetic testing excluded the most common mutation. Follow-up reveals significant development delay.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Ojha
- Sydney Medical School - Nepean, The University of Sydney, Discipline of Pediatrics, Nepean Hospital, NSW, Australia Suchlich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Discipline of Pediatrics, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - D Villarreal
- Sydney Medical School - Nepean, The University of Sydney, Discipline of Pediatrics, Nepean Hospital, NSW, Australia
| | - H Coughtrey
- Sydney Medical School - Nepean, The University of Sydney, Discipline of Pediatrics, Nepean Hospital, NSW, Australia
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Kreikenbohm A, Kadler M, Wilms J, Schulz R, Müller C, Ojha R, Ros E, Mannheim K, Elsässer D. X-ray monitoring of the radio andγ-ray loud Narrow-Line Seyfert 1 Galaxy PKS2004–447. EPJ Web of Conferences 2013. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/20136104017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Kunju N, Ojha R, Devasahayam SR. A palmar pressure sensor for measurement of upper limb weight bearing by the hands during transfers by paraplegics. J Med Eng Technol 2013; 37:424-8. [PMID: 23964668 DOI: 10.3109/03091902.2013.825017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Paraplegic patients have to effect transfer from one seat to another by using their upper limbs. In this process the hands bear almost the entire weight of the body in at least some phases of the transfer. It is desirable to train patients, especially those who are elderly and otherwise weak, to distribute their weight so as to avoid large forces being sustained on any one hand for an extended period. It is also desirable to evaluate the effectiveness of assistive devices like lower limb FES in sharing the load on the hand. This study presents a simple and versatile method of measuring palmar hand force during transfers by paraplegic patients. It is important that this force sensor should not interfere with the grasping and stabilizing properties of the hands and should permit normal transferring. The force sensor comprises an air-filled pouch or pillow that can be placed on any surface. This pneumatic sensor feels like upholstery padding on the surface on which it is placed. The sensor integrates the total pressure applied to the surface of the pouch, thereby obtaining the total force exerted by the palm/hand. The fabrication of the sensor is described, as well as the associated measurement circuit. The static calibration shows that the sensor is linear up to 350 N and the dynamic calibration shows that it has a bandwidth of 13 Hz. The sensor was fabricated using an inflated inelastic airbag attached to a pressure transducer. An automatic offset correction circuit in the preamplifier module ensures that any offset due to initial pressure or sensor drift is removed and the output is zero under no load condition. The key to this sensor arrangement is the ease of fitting it into the intended location without disturbing the existing arrangement for the subject's activities of daily living (ADL).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nissan Kunju
- Department of Bioengineering, Christian Medical College , Vellore , India and
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Bhaskar A, Subramani S, Ojha R. Respiratory belt transducer constructed using a singing greeting card beeper. Adv Physiol Educ 2013; 37:117-118. [PMID: 23471261 DOI: 10.1152/advan.00166.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anand Bhaskar
- Department of Physiology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamilnadu, India.
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Zhang J, Huang D, Yang J, An H, Ojha R, DU C, Liu R. Platelet glycoprotein IaC807T polymorphisms and ischemic stroke in young Chinese Han population. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2012; 16:1691-1695. [PMID: 23161041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to investigate the association between platelet glycoprotein (GP) Ia C807T polymorphisms and ischemic stroke in young Chinese Han Population. MATERIALS AND METHODS We conducted a case-control study in 92 consecutive young (</= 50 years) first-ever hospitalized ischemic stroke inpatients and outpatients, 86 elder ischemic stroke control (> 50 years), and 160 age- and sex-matched healthy control. Genotyping of platelet GP Ia C807Tpolymorphisms was performed by polymerase chain reaction followed by sequencing nucleic acid with dideoxy chain-termination method and an ABI PRISM3100 (Perkin-Elmer Co) genetic analyzer. Student's t-test, chi-square test, and logistic regression modeling were used for data significance analyses. RESULTS Hypertension and smoking were found to be the independent risk factors for ischemic stroke patients (aged </= 50 years), while hypertension, diabetes and smoking were the independent risk factors for ischemic stroke patients (aged > 50 years). There was no significant difference observed in the T allele frequency of GPIa C807T polymorphisms between young stroke patients and corresponding controls. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that there is no role of GPIa C807T polymorphisms in the development of young first-ever ischemic stroke in Chinese Han Population.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Zhang
- Department of Neurology, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Amin AJ, Randhawa D, Janbay N, Abo S, Patel H, Miglani M, Ojha R, Nath R. Treatment outcomes in elderly patients (≥ 60 years) with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and refractory anemia with excess blasts (RAEB) with intensive chemotherapy: A retrospective single center analysis. J Clin Oncol 2005. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2005.23.16_suppl.6724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A. J. Amin
- Seton Hall Univ, Paterson, NJ; Seton Hall Univ, South Orange, NJ; St. Joseph’s Regional Medcl Ctr, Paterson, NJ
| | - D. Randhawa
- Seton Hall Univ, Paterson, NJ; Seton Hall Univ, South Orange, NJ; St. Joseph’s Regional Medcl Ctr, Paterson, NJ
| | - N. Janbay
- Seton Hall Univ, Paterson, NJ; Seton Hall Univ, South Orange, NJ; St. Joseph’s Regional Medcl Ctr, Paterson, NJ
| | - S. Abo
- Seton Hall Univ, Paterson, NJ; Seton Hall Univ, South Orange, NJ; St. Joseph’s Regional Medcl Ctr, Paterson, NJ
| | - H. Patel
- Seton Hall Univ, Paterson, NJ; Seton Hall Univ, South Orange, NJ; St. Joseph’s Regional Medcl Ctr, Paterson, NJ
| | - M. Miglani
- Seton Hall Univ, Paterson, NJ; Seton Hall Univ, South Orange, NJ; St. Joseph’s Regional Medcl Ctr, Paterson, NJ
| | - R. Ojha
- Seton Hall Univ, Paterson, NJ; Seton Hall Univ, South Orange, NJ; St. Joseph’s Regional Medcl Ctr, Paterson, NJ
| | - R. Nath
- Seton Hall Univ, Paterson, NJ; Seton Hall Univ, South Orange, NJ; St. Joseph’s Regional Medcl Ctr, Paterson, NJ
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Ojha R, Menon N, Durian DJ. Hysteresis and packing in gas-fluidized beds. Phys Rev E Stat Phys Plasmas Fluids Relat Interdiscip Topics 2000; 62:4442-4445. [PMID: 11088984 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.62.4442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2000] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The packing fraction and the pressure drop across gas-fluidized beds of granular media exhibit hysteresis as the gas-flow rate is cycled up and down across the fluidization transition. Presumably this is due to contact forces and transfer of stress to the surrounding walls, and hence should vary nontrivially with the aspect ratio of the sample. Here we present systematic measurements of the variation of hysteresis with particle size and aspect ratio of the sample. Remarkably, the hysteresis scales in a trivial way with these parameters, showing no evidence of long-range effects of the wall. Our measurements also show that the packing fraction becomes 0. 590+/-0.004, independent of particle size and container shape, when the fluidizing flow of gas flow is slowly removed.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Ojha
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095-1547, USA
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