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Singh RK, Singh NL, Mehta M, Chauhan R, Suryanarayana SV, Makwana R, Nayak BK, Naik H, Varmuza J, Katovsky K. Activation cross section for the (n,2n) and (n,p) reactions on 103Rh, 48Ti and 52Cr from reaction threshold up to 25 MeV energy region. Appl Radiat Isot 2023; 200:110949. [PMID: 37582315 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2023.110949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
Activation and off-line γ-ray spectrometric methods were used to measure the ground and isomeric state (n,2n) reaction cross section for 103Rh at two different neutron energies. The standard 27Al (n,α)24Na reference reaction was used to normalise neutron flux. The proton beam from the 14UD BARC-TIFR Pelletron facility in Mumbai, India, was utilised to create high-energy quasi-monoenergetic neutrons via the 7Li (p,n) reaction. Statistical model calculations including the level density, pre-equilibrium and optical potential model were performed using the TALYS (ver. 1.95) and EMPIRE (ver. 3.2.3) reaction codes. In addition, because of considerable discrepancies in measured data, the literature (n,p) reaction cross section of 52Cr and 48Ti targets were examined theoretically in the present work. The measured cross sections are discussed and compared with the latest evaluated data of the FENDL-3.2b, CENDL-3.2, TENDL-2019, JENDL-5.0, and ENDF/B-VIII.0 libraries, and experimental data based on the EXFOR compilation. The theoretical investigation of the (n,2n) reaction cross section was performed for the ground and isomeric state for the first time from reaction threshold to 25 MeV energies. The experimental data corresponding to the ground, isomeric state and isomeric ratio were reproduced consistently by the theoretical calculations. The present experimental results are good with certain literature data and theoretical values.
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Affiliation(s)
- R K Singh
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, The M. S. University of Baroda, Vadodara, 390002, India.
| | - N L Singh
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, The M. S. University of Baroda, Vadodara, 390002, India; Department of Physics, Netaji Subhas University of Technology, Dwarka, Delhi, 110078, India.
| | - Mayur Mehta
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, The M. S. University of Baroda, Vadodara, 390002, India; Institute for Plasma Research, Gandhinagar, 382428, India
| | - Rakesh Chauhan
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, The M. S. University of Baroda, Vadodara, 390002, India
| | - S V Suryanarayana
- Nuclear Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Rajnikant Makwana
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, The M. S. University of Baroda, Vadodara, 390002, India
| | - B K Nayak
- Nuclear Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - H Naik
- Radiochemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Jan Varmuza
- Department of Electrical Power Engineering, Brno University of Technology, Brno, 61600, Czech Republic
| | - K Katovsky
- Department of Electrical Power Engineering, Brno University of Technology, Brno, 61600, Czech Republic
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Vashi V, Makwana R, Quintana B, Mehta M, Singh R, Soni B, Chauhan R, Mukherjee S, Abhangi M, Vala S, Singh N, Patel G, Suryanarayana S, Nayak B, Sharma S, Nag T, Kavun Y. Systematic study of (p, n) and (p, 2n) reactions on 110Cd. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2023.110933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
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Kavun Y, Vashi V, Makwana R. Investigation of (d, 3n) reaction cross section using theoretical nuclear codes calculations on some nuclear materials. Appl Radiat Isot 2022; 189:110426. [PMID: 36041248 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2022.110426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
It is important to examine the effects of the nuclear reaction, which is used as a building material in nuclear reactors. Nuclear reactions occur as a result of the interaction between incident particles with the target nuclei. The charged particle-induced reactions have prime importance in understanding the reaction mechanism which can be applicable to understand the particles resulting from the reaction. It is useful to develop shielding the particle accelerators and fusion reactors. The present study contributes to providing the theoretical prediction of excitation functions for 112Cd (d, 3n)111In, 141Pr (d, 3n)140Nd, 167Er (d, 3n)166Tm, 197Au (d, 3n)196Hg and 209Bi (d, 3n)208Po reactions using theoretical model codes such as TALYS-1.95, EMPIRE-3.2.3, and ALICE-2014 within the incident deuteron energy range of threshold energy to 50 MeV. Also, newly developed (d, 3n) cross-section formula (Kavun, 2020) calculations have been performed for these reactions at 20 MeV of deuteron energy. Lastly, all calculated results have been compared with one another and with the previously published experimental data of the EXFOR database.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Kavun
- Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University, Vocational School of Health Services, Dept. of Medical Imaging Tech., Kahramanmaras, Turkey.
| | - V Vashi
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, The M. S. University of Baroda, Vadodara, 390020, India
| | - R Makwana
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, The M. S. University of Baroda, Vadodara, 390020, India
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Makwana P, Makwana S, Makwana R. P-229 Has rampant use of ICSI wiped out Conventional IVF for non male factor infertility, or can Conventional IVF hold its ground. Hum Reprod 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deac107.221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Study question
Can ICSI completely replace and produce higher implantation rates as compared to conventional IVF for non-male factor infertility patients?
Summary answer
ICSI has no advantage over Conventional IVF in improving fertilization and implantation rates in non-male factor infertility. Rampant use of ICSI is not recommended.
What is known already
ICSI is the technique of choice for male factor infertility, no argument there. But in the recent times, the unbridled use of ICSI for non male factor patients worldwide has pushed Conventional IVF out of the picture. The evidence states otherwise, ICSI holds no significant advantage over Conventional IVF in couples with normal semen parameters when it comes to fertilization and implantation rates. The mechanical damage as a result of ICSI to oocytes cannot be ignored. Conventional IVF holds a certain advantage in allowing the oocyte to choose the sperm, mimicking in vivo selection.
Study design, size, duration
Prospective randomized study conducted in 140 patients, undergoing IVF & ICSI with non-male factor infertility. The oocytes recovered for all the patients included in the study underwent split insemination, and were divided into 2 groups:
Group 1: Insemination by Conventional IVF, and
Group 2: Insemination by ICSI.
Fertilization and Implantation rates were recorded.
Participants/materials, setting, methods
140 patients with non-male factor cause of infertility were undergoing IVF/ICSI cycle were included in this study. Post ovum pick-up, the oocytes recovered for each patient were split into 2 separate groups and inseminated using Conventional IVF (413) and ICSI (679). The fertilization check was done at 17±1 hours. The implantation rates were noted 14 days after embryo transfer using the beta HCG values. The results were noted and compared.
Main results and the role of chance
In the Conventional IVF(C-IVF) group, fertilization rates were 69.23% compared to 71.44% in the ICSI group.
The implantation rates were 26.50% in C-IVF group vs 22.10% in ICSI group.
Limitations, reasons for caution
A major limitation is the time constraint which did not allow us to track the live birth rates along with the small sample size, the lack of data showing clinical outcomes of this study can be improved upon in the future and with similar studies.
Wider implications of the findings
While ICSI holds the gold standard as the technique of choice for male factor infertility, it is not superior to C-IVF in patients with normal semen parameters. ICSI for all cannot be justified at this moment. Larger RCTs are required to establish superiority of one technique over the other
Trial registration number
not applicable
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Affiliation(s)
- P Makwana
- Vasundhara Hospital Limited- Jodhpur- Rajasthan- India, Department of A.R.T. , Jodhpur, India
| | - S Makwana
- Vasundhara Hospital Limited- Jodhpur- Rajasthan- India, Department of A.R.T. , Jodhpur, India
| | - R Makwana
- Vasundhara Hospital Limited- Jodhpur- Rajasthan- India, Department of OBGYN , Jodhpur, India
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Pandey J, Pandey B, Subhash P, Kanth P, Rajput M, Vala S, Makwana R, Suryanarayana S, Agrawal H. Estimation of production cross-sections, transmutation and gas generation from radionuclides (A ∼50–60) in fusion environment. Appl Radiat Isot 2022; 184:110163. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2022.110163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Mehta M, Singh N, Singh R, Chauhan R, Makwana R, Suryanarayana S, Naik H, Subhash P, Mukherjee S, Varmuza J, Katovsky K. Cross-section of (n,2n) reaction for niobium and strontium isotopes between 13.97 to 20.02 MeV neutron energies. Appl Radiat Isot 2022; 182:110142. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2022.110142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Kavun Y, Makwana R. Effects of some level density models and γ-ray strength functions on production cross-section calculations of 16,18O and 24,26Mg radioisotopes. KERNTECHNIK 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/kern-2021-1018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Oxygen and magnesium isotopes can be used in nuclear reactor materials as cooling, shielding, coating, electronics etc. They can also occur through nuclear reactions during the reactor operation. The exposure of high energy gamma can change the material and its properties, and hence its objective of selection may not remain satisfied. Thus, it is required to study the cross section of different reactions on nuclear reactor materials to understand their sustainability for the properties, for which they are chosen. In the scope of this study, theoretically, different level density model calculations and γ-ray strength functions have been performed for (γ, p) reaction for 16,18O and 24,26Mg nuclei using TALYS 1.9 and EMPI˙RE 3.2.2 codes. Also, semi empirical (γ, p) formula by Tel et al., have been calculated and compared with all results. The effect of different level density models defined in these codes on gamma strength has been studied. Finally, the consistency of these obtained data with EXFOR data have been investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y. Kavun
- Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University Vocational School of Health Services Dept. of Medical Imaging Tech . Kahramanmaras Turkey
| | - R. Makwana
- Department of Physics Faculty of Science The M. S. University of Baroda Vadodara – India
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Mehta M, Singh NL, Singh RK, Parashari S, Subhash PV, Naik H, Chauhan RD, Makwana R, Suryanarayana SV, Mukherjee S, Gandhi A, Varmuza J, Katovsky K. Measurement of 90Zr(n,2n)89Zr and 90Zr(n,p)90mY reaction cross-sections in the neutron energy range of 10.95 to 20.02 MeV. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-021-07625-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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9
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Shetty N, Makwana R, Mehta M, Mukherjee S, Singh NL, Suryanarayana SV, Parashari S, Singh R, Naik H, Sharma SC, Ayyala S, Soni B, Chauhan R. Measurement of neutron induced 86Sr(n, 2n) 85Sr reaction cross sections at different neutron energies. Appl Radiat Isot 2019; 154:108866. [PMID: 31445493 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2019.108866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2019] [Revised: 07/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The cross-sections for 86Sr (n, 2n)85Sr reaction are measured at neutron energies 19.44 ± 1.02 MeV and 16.81 ± 0.85 MeV wherein there is scarcity of data. The standard neutron activation analysis technique and offline gamma ray spectroscopy have been employed for measurement and analysis of the data. The results are compared with experimental data available in EXFOR database, JEFF-3.3, JENDL-4.0, TENDL-2017 and ENDF/B-VIII.0 evaluated data. The theoretical prediction was incorporated using nuclear modular codes TALYS 1.8 and EMPIRE 3.2.2. A detailed comparative study of experimental results with the theoretical models and various major evaluations has been presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Shetty
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, The M. S. University of Baroda, 390002, India.
| | - Rajnikant Makwana
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, The M. S. University of Baroda, 390002, India.
| | - Mayur Mehta
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, The M. S. University of Baroda, 390002, India; Institute for Plasma Research, Gandhinagar, 382428, India
| | - S Mukherjee
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, The M. S. University of Baroda, 390002, India
| | - N L Singh
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, The M. S. University of Baroda, 390002, India
| | - S V Suryanarayana
- Nuclear Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, 400085, India
| | - S Parashari
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, The M. S. University of Baroda, 390002, India
| | - R Singh
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, The M. S. University of Baroda, 390002, India
| | - H Naik
- Radiochemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, 400085, India
| | - S C Sharma
- Nuclear Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, 400085, India
| | - S Ayyala
- G.B. Pant University of Agri. & Tech, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, 263145, India
| | - B Soni
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, The M. S. University of Baroda, 390002, India
| | - R Chauhan
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, The M. S. University of Baroda, 390002, India
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Mukherjee S, Vansola V, Parashari S, Makwana R, Singh NL, Suryanarayana SV, Sharma SC, Nayak BK, Naik H. Measurement of 232Th and 238U neutron capture cross-sections in the energy range 5-17 MeV. Appl Radiat Isot 2018; 143:72-78. [PMID: 30390503 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2018.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2018] [Revised: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The neutron capture cross sections of 232Th and 238U at the average neutron energies of 5.08 ± 0.17, 8.96 ± 0.77, 12.47 ± 0.83, and 16.63 ± 0.95 MeV have been measured by using the activation technique and off-line γ-ray spectroscopy. The 232Th and 238U were irradiated with neutrons produced from the 7Li(p, n) reaction using the proton energies of 7, 11, 15 and 18.8 MeV from the 14UD BARC-TIFR Pelletron facility in Mumbai, India. Detailed covariance analysis was also performed to evaluate the uncertainties in the measured cross-sections. The excitation function of the 232Th(n, γ) and 238U(n, γ) reactions were calculated using the theoretical model code TALYS-1.9. The experimental and theoretical results from the present work were compared with the ENDF/B-VII-1 and JENDL-4.0 nuclear data libraries and were found to be in good agreement.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Mukherjee
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, The M. S. University of Baroda, Vadodara 390020, India.
| | - Vibha Vansola
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, The M. S. University of Baroda, Vadodara 390020, India
| | - Siddharth Parashari
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, The M. S. University of Baroda, Vadodara 390020, India
| | - R Makwana
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, The M. S. University of Baroda, Vadodara 390020, India
| | - N L Singh
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, The M. S. University of Baroda, Vadodara 390020, India
| | - S V Suryanarayana
- Nuclear Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - S C Sharma
- Nuclear Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - B K Nayak
- Nuclear Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - H Naik
- Radiochemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India
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Soni BK, Makwana R, Mukherjee S, Parashari S, Suryanarayana SV, Nayak BK, Naik H, Mehta M. Neutron capture cross-sections for 159Tb isotope in the energy range of 5 to 17 MeV. Appl Radiat Isot 2018; 141:10-14. [PMID: 30144772 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2018.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The neutron capture cross-sections have been measured for the 159Tb(n, γ)160Tb reaction at the spectrum average peak neutron energies of 5.08 ± 0.165, 12.47 ± 0.825, and 16.63 ± 0.95 MeV respectively. The experiment has been carried out using the standard neutron activation technique and off-line γ-ray spectrometry. The present measurement has been done for the energies where very few measured results are available in the data library. The results have been compared with ENDF/B-VII.1 and JENDL-4.0 data libraries. The present results have also been supported by theoretical predictions of nuclear model code TALYS 1.9. Detailed covariance analysis was carried out to find the uncertainty and the correlations among the measured cross-sections.
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Affiliation(s)
- B K Soni
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, The M. S. University of Baroda, Vadodara 390002, Gujarat, India
| | - Rajnikant Makwana
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, The M. S. University of Baroda, Vadodara 390002, Gujarat, India
| | - S Mukherjee
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, The M. S. University of Baroda, Vadodara 390002, Gujarat, India.
| | - Siddharth Parashari
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, The M. S. University of Baroda, Vadodara 390002, Gujarat, India
| | - S V Suryanarayana
- Nuclear Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - B K Nayak
- Nuclear Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - H Naik
- Radiochemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - M Mehta
- Institute for Plasma Research, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382428, India
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Pandey J, Pandey B, Agrawal HM, Subhash PV, Vala S, Aiyyala AS, Makwana R, Suryanarayana SV. Estimation of ( n, p) and ( n, α) Cross Section of Radionuclide 60Co for Fusion Technology Applications. Fusion Science and Technology 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/15361055.2017.1397485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Pandey
- G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Department of Physics, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand 263145, India
| | - Bhawna Pandey
- G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Department of Physics, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand 263145, India
| | - H. M. Agrawal
- G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Department of Physics, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand 263145, India
| | - P. V. Subhash
- Institute for Plasma Research, HBNI, ITER-India, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382428, India
| | - S. Vala
- Institute for Plasma Research, Fusion Neutronics Laboratory, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382428, India
| | - Akhil Sai Aiyyala
- G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Department of Physics, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand 263145, India
| | - Rajnikant Makwana
- M.S. University of Baroda, Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Vadodara, Gujarat 390002, India
| | - S. V. Suryanarayana
- Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Nuclear Physics Division, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400085, India
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Parashari S, Mukherjee S, Vansola V, Makwana R, Singh NL, Pandey B. Investigation of (n, p), (n, 2n) reaction cross sections for Sn isotopes for fusion reactor applications. Appl Radiat Isot 2017; 133:31-37. [PMID: 29275039 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2017.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Revised: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The compound Nb3Sn possess superconductivity at suitable temperatures, therefore, it is best suited to be used in the toroidal coils of superconducting magnets which holds the fusion plasma and confine it inside the reactor core. The neutron induced reaction cross-sections are required from threshold to 20MeV for different isotopes of Tin (Sn). Since limited data is available for the reactions with the Sn isotopes. Therefore, we have optimized the (n, p) and (n, 2n) reaction cross-sections for all possible Sn isotopes from threshold to 20MeV with modified input parameters in the nuclear reaction modular codes EMPIRE-3.2.2 and TALYS-1.8. These codes account for the major nuclear reaction mechanisms, including direct, pre-equilibrium, and compound nucleus contributions. The present results from 116Sn(n,p)116mIn, , 117Sn(n,p)117mIn, 118Sn(n,2n)117mSn,120Sn(n,2n)119mSn and 124Sn(n,2n)123mSn reactions calculated with nuclear modular codes: TALYS - 1.8, EMPIRE - 3.2.2 were compared with EXFOR data, systematics proposed by several authors and with the existing evaluated nuclear data library ENDF/B-VII.1, as well. The results from the present study can be used for the future development of ITER devices as well as to upgrade the nuclear model codes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddharth Parashari
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, M. S. University of Baroda, Vadodara 390002, India.
| | - S Mukherjee
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, M. S. University of Baroda, Vadodara 390002, India.
| | - Vibha Vansola
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, M. S. University of Baroda, Vadodara 390002, India
| | - Rajnikant Makwana
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, M. S. University of Baroda, Vadodara 390002, India
| | - N L Singh
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, M. S. University of Baroda, Vadodara 390002, India
| | - Bhawna Pandey
- Department of Physics, College of Basic Sciences & Humanities, G. B. Pant University of Ag. & Tech., Pantnagar, Uttarakhand 263145, India
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Makwana R, Mukherjee S, Snoj L, S Barala S, Mehta M, Mishra P, Tiwari S, Abhangi M, Khirwadkar S, Naik H. Spectrum average cross section measurement of 183W (n, p) 183Ta and 184W (n, p) 184Ta reaction cross section in 252Cf(sf) neutron field. Appl Radiat Isot 2017; 127:150-155. [PMID: 28618352 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2017.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Revised: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Neutron induced nuclear reactions are of prime importance for both fusion and fission nuclear reactor technology. Present work describes the first time measurement of spectrum average cross section of nuclear reactions 183W(n,p)183Ta and 184W(n,p)184Ta using 252Cf spontaneous fission neutron source. Standard neutron activation analysis (NAA) technique was used. The neutron spectra were calculated using Monte Carlo N Particle Code (MCNP). The effects of self-shielding and back scattering were taken into account by optimizing the detector modeling. These effects along with efficiency of detector were corrected for volume sample in the actual source-detector geometry. The measured data were compared with the previously measured data available in Exchange Format (EXFOR) data base and evaluated data using EMPIRE - 3.2.2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajnikant Makwana
- Department of Physics, The Maharaja Sayajrao University of Baroda, Vadodara 390002, India.
| | - S Mukherjee
- Department of Physics, The Maharaja Sayajrao University of Baroda, Vadodara 390002, India.
| | - L Snoj
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - S S Barala
- Defence Laboratory, Jodhpur, Rajasthan 342011, India
| | - M Mehta
- Institute for Plasma Research, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382428, India
| | - P Mishra
- Department of Physics, The Maharaja Sayajrao University of Baroda, Vadodara 390002, India
| | - S Tiwari
- Institute for Plasma Research, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382428, India
| | - M Abhangi
- Institute for Plasma Research, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382428, India
| | - S Khirwadkar
- Institute for Plasma Research, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382428, India
| | - H Naik
- Radiochemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India
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Dash T, Nayak BB, Abhangi M, Makwana R, Vala S, Jakhar S, Rao CVS, Basu TK. Preparation and Neutronic Studies of Tungsten Carbide Composite. Fusion Science and Technology 2017. [DOI: 10.13182/fst13-663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T. Dash
- Institute of Minerals and Materials Technology, Bhubaneswar-751013, Odisha, India
| | - B. B. Nayak
- Institute of Minerals and Materials Technology, Bhubaneswar-751013, Odisha, India
| | - M. Abhangi
- Institute for Plasma Research, Bhat, Gandhinagar-382428, India
| | - R. Makwana
- Institute for Plasma Research, Bhat, Gandhinagar-382428, India
| | - S. Vala
- Institute for Plasma Research, Bhat, Gandhinagar-382428, India
| | - S. Jakhar
- Institute for Plasma Research, Bhat, Gandhinagar-382428, India
| | - C. V. S. Rao
- Institute for Plasma Research, Bhat, Gandhinagar-382428, India
| | - T. K. Basu
- Institute for Plasma Research, Bhat, Gandhinagar-382428, India
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Jakhar S, Tiwari S, Abhangi M, Chaudhari V, Makwana R, Rao C, Basu T, Mandal D. Neutron flux spectra investigations in breeding blanket assembly containing lithium titanate and Lead irradiated with DT neutrons. Fusion Engineering and Design 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2015.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Jakhar S, Abhangi M, Tiwari S, Makwana R, Chaudhari V, Swami H, Danani C, Rao C, Basu T, Mandal D, Bhade S, Kolekar R, Reddy P, Bhattacharyay R, Chaudhuri P. Tritium breeding mock-up experiments containing lithium titanate ceramic pebbles and lead irradiated with DT neutrons. Fusion Engineering and Design 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2015.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Syme D, Popovichev S, Conroy S, Lengar I, Snoj L, Sowden C, Giacomelli L, Hermon G, Allan P, Macheta P, Plummer D, Stephens J, Batistoni P, Prokopowicz R, Jednorog S, Abhangi M, Makwana R. Fusion yield measurements on JET and their calibration. Fusion Engineering and Design 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2014.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Makwana R, Gozzard N, Spina D, Page C. TNF-α-induces airway hyperresponsiveness to cholinergic stimulation in guinea pig airways. Br J Pharmacol 2012; 165:1978-1991. [PMID: 21951209 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2011.01675.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE TNF-α is an inflammatory cytokine implicated in the pathogenesis of asthma and it causes airway inflammation, bronchoconstriction and airway hyperresponsiveness to a number of spasmogens following inhalation. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We compared contractions of guinea pig isolated trachea incubated with saline or TNF-α for 1, 2 or 4 days to electrical field stimulation (EFS), 5-HT or methacholine. In addition, we compared bronchoconstriction in anaesthetized guinea pigs 6 h after intratracheal instillation of saline or TNF-α to vagal nerve stimulation, i.v. 5-HT or methacholine. Differential counts were performed on the bronchoalvelolar lavage fluid (BALF). KEY RESULTS Maximum contractions to methacholine, 5-HT and EFS were not different between freshly prepared and saline-incubated tissues. Exposure to TNF-α concentration-dependently potentiated contractions to 5-HT and EFS, but not methacholine. All contractions were atropine-sensitive, but not hexamethonium-sensitive. 5-HT-evoked contractions were inhibited by ketanserin or epithelial denudation. Only EFS-evoked contractions were tetrodotoxin-sensitive. Vagal stimulation, i.v. 5-HT or MCh caused a significant atropine-sensitive, frequency- and dose-dependent bronchoconstriction and decreased blood pressure similarly in both saline and TNF-α pre-treated animals. TNF-α potentiated the bronchoconstriction to vagal stimulation and 5-HT, but not MCh. The BALF from saline-treated animals contained predominantly macrophages, whereas that from TNF-α-treated animals contained neutrophils. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS TNF-α caused airway hyperresponsiveness to nerve stimulation in vivo and increased contractility in vitro. However, responsiveness to MCh was unchanged, suggesting a pre-synaptic action of TNF-α on parasympathetic nerves. TNF-α-induced airway hyperresponsiveness to 5-HT suggested an increased 5-HT(2A) receptor-mediated acetylcholine release from epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Makwana
- Sackler Institute of Pulmonary Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, UKUCB Celltech, Slough, UK
| | - N Gozzard
- Sackler Institute of Pulmonary Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, UKUCB Celltech, Slough, UK
| | - D Spina
- Sackler Institute of Pulmonary Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, UKUCB Celltech, Slough, UK
| | - C Page
- Sackler Institute of Pulmonary Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, UKUCB Celltech, Slough, UK
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Makwana R, Molleman A, Parsons ME. Evidence for both inverse agonism at the cannabinoid CB1 receptor and the lack of an endogenous cannabinoid tone in the rat and guinea-pig isolated ileum myenteric plexus-longitudinal muscle preparation. Br J Pharmacol 2010; 160:615-26. [PMID: 20590566 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2010.00717.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Cannabinoid receptor agonists reduce intestinal propulsion in rodents through the CB(1) receptor. In addition to its antagonistic activity at this receptor, rimonabant (N-(piperidino)-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-4-methyl-3-pyrazole-carboxyamide) alone augments intestinal transit. Using rat and guinea-pig ileum MPLM (myenteric plexus-longitudinal muscle) preparations, we investigated whether the latter effect was through inverse agonism or antagonism of endocannabinoid agonist(s). EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Inverse agonism was investigated by comparing the maximal enhancement of electrically evoked contractions of the MPLM by two CB(1) receptor antagonists, AM 251 (N-(piperidin-1-yl)-5-(4-iodophenyl)-1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-4-methyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxamide) and O-2050 [(6aR,10aR)-3-(1-methanesulphonylamino-4-hexyn-6-yl)-6a,7,10,10a-tetrahydro-6,6,9-trimethyl-6-H-dibenzo[b,d]pyran], with that produced by rimonabant. To reveal ongoing endocannabinoid activity, effects of inhibiting endocannabinoid hydrolysis by fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) using AA-5HT (arachidonyl-5-hydroxytryptamine), PMSF (phenylmethylsulphonyl fluoride) or URB-597 (3'-carbamoyl-biphenyl-3-yl-cyclohexylcarbamate), or putative uptake using VDM-11 [(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-N-(4-hydroxy-2-methylphenyl)-5,8,11,14-eicosatetraenamide] was evaluated. KEY RESULTS The presence of CB(1) receptors was revealed by antagonism of exogenous anandamide, arachidonylethanolamide (AEA) and WIN 55,212-2 [(R)-(+)-[2,3-dihydro-5-methyl-3-(4-morpholinylmethyl)-pyrrolo[1,2,3-de]-1,4-benzoxazin-6-yl]-1-naphthalenylmethanone mesylate] by rimonabant. The rank order of potentiation of contractions was AM 251 > rimonabant > O-2050. Neither the FAAH inhibitors nor VDM-11 affected electrically evoked contractions. Each FAAH inhibitor increased the potency of AEA but not WIN 55,212-2. VDM-11 did not alter the inhibitory effect of AEA. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS The different levels of maximal potentiation of contractions by the CB(1) receptor antagonists suggest inverse agonism. The potentiation of the action of AEA by the FAAH inhibitors showed that FAAH was present. The lack of effect of FAAH inhibitors and VDM-11 alone on electrically evoked contractions, and on the potency of exogenous AEA suggests that pharmacologically active endocannabinoids were not released and the endocannabinoid transporter was absent. Thus, the CB(1) receptor antagonists behave as inverse agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Makwana
- The Sackler Institute of Pulmonary Pharmacology, King's College London, Waterloo Campus, London, UK.
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