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Ayoub A, Wainwright HM, Sansavini G, Gauntt R, Saito K. Resilient design in nuclear energy: Critical lessons from a cross-disciplinary analysis of the Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear accident. iScience 2024; 27:109485. [PMID: 38571761 PMCID: PMC10987892 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
This paper presents a multidisciplinary analysis of the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant accident. Along with the latest observations and simulation studies, we synthesize the time-series and event progressions during the accident across multiple disciplines, including in-plant physics and engineering systems, operators' actions, emergency responses, meteorology, radionuclide release and transport, land contamination, and health impacts. We identify three key factors that exacerbated the consequences of the accident: (1) the failure of Unit 2 containment venting, (2) the insufficient integration of radiation measurements and meteorology data in the evacuation strategy, and (3) the limited risk assessment and emergency preparedness. We conclude with new research and development directions to improve the resilience of nuclear energy systems and communities, including (1) meteorology-informed proactive venting, (2) machine learning-enabled adaptive evacuation zones, and (3) comprehensive risk-informed emergency planning while leveraging the experience from responses to other disasters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Ayoub
- Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Haruko M. Wainwright
- Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Giovanni Sansavini
- Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Randall Gauntt
- Severe Accident Analysis Department, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Kimiaki Saito
- Fukushima Environmental Safety Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Fukushima, Japan
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Pellegrini M, Herranz L, Sonnenkalb M, Lind T, Maruyama Y, Gauntt R, Bixler N, Morreale A, Dolganov K, Sevon T, Jacquemain D, Journeau C, Song JH, Nishi Y, Mizokami S. Main Findings, Remaining Uncertainties and Lessons Learned from the OECD/NEA BSAF Project. NUCL TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00295450.2020.1724731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - L. Herranz
- Centre for Energy, Environment, and Technology, Spain
| | - M. Sonnenkalb
- Gesellschaft für Anlagen- und Reaktorsicherheit (GRS), Germany
| | - T. Lind
- Paul Scherrer Institute, Division of Nuclear Energy and Safety, Villigen, Switzerland, 5232
| | | | - R. Gauntt
- Sandia National Laboratories, United States
| | - N. Bixler
- Sandia National Laboratories, United States
| | | | | | - T. Sevon
- VTT Technical Research Centre, Finland
| | - D. Jacquemain
- Institute for Radiological Protection and Nuclear Safety, France
| | - C. Journeau
- CEA, DEN, Cadarache, SMTA, LEAG, F-13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - J. H. Song
- Korean Atomic Energy Research Institute, Korea
| | - Y. Nishi
- Central Research Institute of Electrical Power Industry, Japan
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Farmer MT, Bunt R, Corradini M, Ellison P, Francis M, Gabor J, Gauntt R, Henry C, Linthicum R, Luangdilok W, Lutz R, Paik C, Plys M, Rabiti C, Rempe J, Robb K, Wachowiak R. Reactor Safety Gap Evaluation of Accident-Tolerant Components and Severe Accident Analysis. NUCL SCI ENG 2017. [DOI: 10.13182/nse16-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - R. Bunt
- Southern Nuclear, Birmingham, Alabama
| | | | | | - M. Francis
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee
| | - J. Gabor
- Jensen Hughes, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - R. Gauntt
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - C. Henry
- Fauske and Associates, Burr Ridge, Illinois
| | | | | | - R. Lutz
- Lutz Consulting, Hendersonville, North Carolina
| | - C. Paik
- Fauske and Associates, Burr Ridge, Illinois
| | - M. Plys
- Fauske and Associates, Burr Ridge, Illinois
| | - C. Rabiti
- Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho Falls, Idaho
| | - J. Rempe
- Rempe and Associates, LLC, Idaho Falls, Idaho
| | - K. Robb
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee
| | - R. Wachowiak
- Electric Power Research Institute, Palo Alto, California
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Rempe J, Farmer M, Corradini M, Ott L, Gauntt R, Powers D. Revisiting Insights from Three Mile Island Unit 2 Postaccident Examinations and Evaluations in View of the Fukushima Daiichi Accident. NUCL SCI ENG 2017. [DOI: 10.13182/nse12-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joy Rempe
- Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho Falls, Idaho
| | | | | | - Larry Ott
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee
| | | | - Dana Powers
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico
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Brown NR, Oh S, Revankar ST, Kane C, Rodriguez S, Cole R, Gauntt R. Analysis Model for Sulfur-Iodine and Hybrid Sulfur Thermochemical Cycles. NUCL TECHNOL 2017. [DOI: 10.13182/nt09-a6967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas R. Brown
- Purdue University, School of Nuclear Engineering West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - Seungmin Oh
- Purdue University, School of Nuclear Engineering West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - Shripad T. Revankar
- Purdue University, School of Nuclear Engineering West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - Cheikhou Kane
- Purdue University, School of Nuclear Engineering West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | | | - Randall Cole
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185-5800
| | - Randall Gauntt
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185-5800
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Brown NR, Oh S, Revankar ST, Vierow K, Rodriguez S, Cole R, Gauntt R. Simulation of Sulfur-Iodine Thermochemical Hydrogen Production Plant Coupled to High-Temperature Heat Source. NUCL TECHNOL 2017. [DOI: 10.13182/nt09-a8854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas R. Brown
- Purdue University, School of Nuclear Engineering, 400 Central Drive West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - Seungmin Oh
- Purdue University, School of Nuclear Engineering, 400 Central Drive West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - Shripad T. Revankar
- Purdue University, School of Nuclear Engineering, 400 Central Drive West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - Karen Vierow
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, 129 Zachry Engineering Center 3133 TAMU, College Station, Texas 77843-3133
| | | | - Randall Cole
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185-5800
| | - Randall Gauntt
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185-5800
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Affiliation(s)
- Randall Gauntt
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800, MS 0748, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185-0748
| | - Donald Kalinich
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800, MS 0748, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185-0748
| | - Jeffrey Cardoni
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800, MS 0748, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185-0748
| | - Jesse Phillips
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800, MS 0748, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185-0748
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey Cardoni
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800, MS 0748, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185-0748
| | - Randall Gauntt
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800, MS 0748, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185-0748
| | - Donald Kalinich
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800, MS 0748, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185-0748
| | - Jesse Phillips
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800, MS 0748, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185-0748
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Jäckel BS, Bevilacqua A, Ducros G, Gauntt R, Stuckert J. Land contamination activity data interpretation from Fukushima Daiichi accident. Nuclear Engineering and Design 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nucengdes.2015.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Hogan K, Liao Y, Beeny B, Vierow K, Cole R, Humphries L, Gauntt R. Implementation of a generalized diffusion layer model for condensation into MELCOR. Nuclear Engineering and Design 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nucengdes.2010.05.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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