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Fisher J, Verhagen M, Long Z, Moissidis M, Yan Y, He C, Wang J, Micoli E, Alastruey CM, Moors R, Marín O, Mi D, Lim L. Cortical somatostatin long-range projection neurons and interneurons exhibit divergent developmental trajectories. Neuron 2024; 112:558-573.e8. [PMID: 38086373 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2023.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
The mammalian cerebral cortex contains an extraordinary diversity of cell types that emerge by implementing different developmental programs. Delineating when and how cellular diversification occurs is particularly challenging for cortical inhibitory neurons because they represent a small proportion of all cortical cells and have a protracted development. Here, we combine single-cell RNA sequencing and spatial transcriptomics to characterize the emergence of neuronal diversity among somatostatin-expressing (SST+) cells in mice. We found that SST+ inhibitory neurons segregate during embryonic stages into long-range projection (LRP) neurons and two types of interneurons, Martinotti cells and non-Martinotti cells, following distinct developmental trajectories. Two main subtypes of LRP neurons and several subtypes of interneurons are readily distinguishable in the embryo, although interneuron diversity is likely refined during early postnatal life. Our results suggest that the timing for cellular diversification is unique for different subtypes of SST+ neurons and particularly divergent for LRP neurons and interneurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josephine Fisher
- Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, SE1 1UL London, UK; MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, SE1 1UL, London, UK
| | - Marieke Verhagen
- VIB Center for Brain and Disease, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Department of Neurosciences, Katholieke Universiteit (KU) Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Zhen Long
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Monika Moissidis
- Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, SE1 1UL London, UK; MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, SE1 1UL, London, UK
| | - Yiming Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Chenyi He
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jingyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Elia Micoli
- VIB Center for Brain and Disease, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Department of Neurosciences, Katholieke Universiteit (KU) Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Clara Milían Alastruey
- VIB Center for Brain and Disease, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Department of Neurosciences, Katholieke Universiteit (KU) Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rani Moors
- VIB Center for Brain and Disease, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Department of Neurosciences, Katholieke Universiteit (KU) Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Oscar Marín
- Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, SE1 1UL London, UK; MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, SE1 1UL, London, UK.
| | - Da Mi
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Lynette Lim
- VIB Center for Brain and Disease, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Department of Neurosciences, Katholieke Universiteit (KU) Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
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