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Porcher A, Girard S, Bonnet P, Rouveure R, Guérin V, Paladian F, Vian A. Non thermal 2.45 GHz electromagnetic exposure causes rapid changes in Arabidopsis thaliana metabolism. J Plant Physiol 2023; 286:153999. [PMID: 37210775 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2023.153999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Numerous studies report different types of responses following exposure of plants to high frequency electromagnetic fields (HF-EMF). While this phenomenon is related to tissue heating in animals, the situation is much less straightforward in plants where metabolic changes seem to occur without tissue temperature increase. We have set up an exposure system allowing reliable measurements of tissue heating (using a reflectometric probe and thermal imaging) after a long exposure (30 min) to an electromagnetic field of 2.45 GHz transmitted through a horn antenna (about 100 V m-1 at the plant level). We did not observe any heating of the tissues, but we detected rapid increases (60 min) in the accumulation of transcripts of stress-related genes (TCH1 and ZAT12 transcription factor) or involved in ROS metabolism (RBOHF and APX1). At the same time, the amounts of hydrogen peroxide and dehydroascorbic acid increased while glutathione (reduced and oxidized forms), ascorbic acid, and lipid peroxidation remained stable. Therefore, our results unambiguously show that molecular and biochemical responses occur rapidly (within 60min) in plants after exposure to an electromagnetic field, in absence of tissue heating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Porcher
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont Auvergne INP, CNRS, Institut Pascal, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Sébastien Girard
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont Auvergne INP, CNRS, Institut Pascal, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Pierre Bonnet
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont Auvergne INP, CNRS, Institut Pascal, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Raphaël Rouveure
- INRAE Clermont Clermont Auvergne University, INRAE, UR TSCF, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Vincent Guérin
- Univ Angers, Institut Agro, INRAE, IRHS, SFR QUASAV, F-49000, Angers, France
| | - Françoise Paladian
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont Auvergne INP, CNRS, Institut Pascal, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Alain Vian
- Univ Angers, Institut Agro, INRAE, IRHS, SFR QUASAV, F-49000, Angers, France.
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Rouveure R, Faure P, Monod MO. Description and experimental results of a panoramic K-band radar dedicated to perception in mobile robotics applications. J FIELD ROBOT 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/rob.21770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Raphaël Rouveure
- Technologies and Information Systems Research Unit (TSCF); National Research Institute of Science and Technology for Environment and Agriculture (Irstea), Clermont-Ferrand Regional Center; Aubière France
| | - Patrice Faure
- Technologies and Information Systems Research Unit (TSCF); National Research Institute of Science and Technology for Environment and Agriculture (Irstea), Clermont-Ferrand Regional Center; Aubière France
| | - Marie-Odile Monod
- Technologies and Information Systems Research Unit (TSCF); National Research Institute of Science and Technology for Environment and Agriculture (Irstea), Clermont-Ferrand Regional Center; Aubière France
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Abstract
This article presents a real-time control system for an agricultural mobile machine (vehicle) based on an on-board vision system using a single camera. This system has been designed to help humans in repetitive and difficult tasks in the agricultural domain. The aim of the robotics application concerns the control of the vehicle with regard to the reap limit detected in image space. The perception aspect in relation to the application has been described in previous work, and here we deal with the control aspect. We integrate image features issued from the modeling of the scene in the control loop to perform an image-based servoing technique. The vehicle behavior described here concerns bicycle and neural models, and three control laws are then synthesized. The first and the second are modeling approaches and use an interaction between the scene and the image space. They are based on the regulation of a task function. The third is a "black-box modeling" technique, and is based on a neural network. Finally, experimental results obtained with these different control laws in different conditions are presented and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Khadraoui
- Laboratoire des Sciences et Materiaux pour l'Electronique, et d'Automatique (LASMEA), Université Blaise Pascal UMR 6602 du CNRS 63177 Aubière Cedex, France
| | - C. Debain
- Institut de Recherche pour l'Ingenierie de l' Agriculture et de l'Environment (CEMAGREF) Division Techniques du Machinisme Agricole 03150 Montoldre, France
| | - R. Rouveure
- Institut de Recherche pour l'Ingenierie de l' Agriculture et de l'Environment (CEMAGREF) Division Electronique et Intelligence Artificielle BP.121, 92185 Antony, France
| | - P. Martinet
- Laboratoire des Sciences et Materiaux pour l'Electronique, et d'Automatique (LASMEA), Université Blaise Pascal UMR 6602 du CNRS 63177 Aubière Cedex, France
| | - P. Bonton
- Laboratoire des Sciences et Materiaux pour l'Electronique, et d'Automatique (LASMEA), Université Blaise Pascal UMR 6602 du CNRS 63177 Aubière Cedex, France
| | - J. Gallice
- Laboratoire des Sciences et Materiaux pour l'Electronique, et d'Automatique (LASMEA), Université Blaise Pascal UMR 6602 du CNRS 63177 Aubière Cedex, France
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