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Bonfanti G, Bitencourt PER, Bona KSD, Peroza LR, Cargnelutti LO, Borges RM, Pigatto AGS, Fachinetto R, Boligon AA, Athayde ML, Gonçalves TDL, Moretto MB. Safety assessment and behavioral effects of Solanum guaraniticum leaf extract in rats. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2016. [DOI: 10.1590/s1984-82502016000100006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Solanum guaraniticum is a medicinal plant traditionally used to treat gastric and liver diseases. However, there is no documented evidence corroborating its safety. The present study evaluated the potential toxicity of S. guaraniticum leaf extract after acute administration in rats. Single doses of the extract (1.250, 2.500, and 5.000 mg/kg) were administered by gavage, and the rats were then monitored for 48 h and/or 14 days. Mortality, acute signs of toxicity, and general activity in the open field test were assessed as well as hematological and biochemical parameters, enzymatic activity (δ-aminolevulinate dehydratase and acetylcholinesterase), and oxidative stress parameters (lipid peroxidation level, non-protein thiol content, tissue catalase activity, and serum ferrous reducing power). Phytochemical analysis was also performed by HPLC. The results showed that extract administration produced no deaths (LD50 > 5,000 mg/kg), and no significant adverse effects regarding food consumption, body weight gain, gross pathology, or other parameters. However, the open field tests showed a decrease in spontaneous activity (crossing and rearing) mainly at 48 h after treatment. The results suggest that S. guaraniticum extract is not acutely toxic, but causes alterations in central nervous system activity.
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Borges RM, Mattedi A, Munaro CJ, Franci Gonçalves R. A modular diagnosis system based on fuzzy logic for UASB reactors treating sewage. Water Sci Technol 2016; 74:309-317. [PMID: 27438234 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2016.156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A modular diagnosis system (MDS), based on the framework of fuzzy logic, is proposed for upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactors treating sewage. In module 1, turbidity and rainfall information are used to estimate the influent organic content. In module 2, a dynamic fuzzy model is used to estimate the current biogas production from on-line measured variables, such as daily average temperature and the previous biogas flow rate, as well as the organic load. Finally, in module 3, all the information above and the residual value between the measured and estimated biogas production are used to provide diagnostic information about the operation status of the plant. The MDS was validated through its application to two pilot UASB reactors and the results showed that the tool can provide useful diagnoses to avoid plant failures.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Borges
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Federal Institute of Espirito Santo, Av. Vitoria, 1729, Vitoria, ES 29040-780, Brazil
| | - A Mattedi
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Federal Institute of Espirito Santo, Av. Fernando Ferrari, 514, Vitoria, ES 29075-910, Brazil
| | - C J Munaro
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Av. Fernando Ferrari, 514, Vitoria, ES 29075-910, Brazil
| | - R Franci Gonçalves
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Av. Fernando Ferrari, 514, Vitoria, ES 29075-910, Brazil E-mail:
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Bitencourt PER, Ferreira LM, dos Santos Stein C, Sangoi M, Denardi L, Borges RM, Cruz L, Moresco RN, Hartz SA, Moretto MB. 20th Brazilian Diabetes Society Congress. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2015; 7 Suppl 1:A1-A260. [PMID: 28256990 PMCID: PMC4653479 DOI: 10.1186/1758-5996-7-s1-a1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Manuela Sangoi
- Universidade Federal De Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Laura Denardi
- Universidade Federal De Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | | | - Letícia Cruz
- Universidade Federal De Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
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De Bona KS, Bonfanti G, Bitencourt PER, da Silva TP, Borges RM, Boligon A, Pigatto A, Athayde ML, Moretto MB. Protective effect of gallic acid and Syzygium cumini extract against oxidative stress-induced cellular injury in human lymphocytes. Drug Chem Toxicol 2015; 39:256-63. [PMID: 26364973 DOI: 10.3109/01480545.2015.1084631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Syzygium cumini (Myrtaceae) presents antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, hypoglycemic and antibacterial effects; however, the cellular and molecular mechanisms of action in the immune system are not yet completely elucidated. OBJECTIVE This study evaluates the in vitro effect of gallic acid and aqueous S. cumini leaf extract (ASc) on adenosine deaminase (ADA) and dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) activities, cell viability and oxidative stress parameters in lymphocytes exposed to 2, 2'-azobis-2-amidinopropane dihydrochloride (AAPH). MATERIALS AND METHODS Lymphocytes were incubated with ASc (100 and 500 µg/ml) and gallic acid (50 and 200 µM) at 37 °C for 30 min followed by incubation with AAPH (1 mM) at 37 °C for 2 h. After the incubation time, the lymphocytes were used for determinations of ADA, DPP-IV and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activities, lipid peroxidation, protein thiol (P-SH) group levels and cellular viability by colorimetric methods. RESULTS (i) HPLC fingerprinting of ASc revealed the presence of catechin, epicatechin, rutin, quercitrin, isoquercitrin, quercetin, kaempferol and chlorogenic, caffeic, gallic and ellagic acids; (ii) for the first time, ASc reduced the AAPH-induced increase in ADA activity, but no effect was observed on DPP-IV activity; (iii) ASc increased P-SH groups and cellular viability and decreased LDH activity, but was not able to reduce the AAPH-induced lipid peroxidation; (iv) gallic acid showed less protective effects than ASc. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION ASc affects the purinergic system and may modulate adenosine levels, indicating that the extract of this plant exhibits immunomodulatory properties. ASc also may potentially prevent the cellular injury induced by oxidative stress, highlighting its cytoprotective effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karine Santos De Bona
- a Postgraduate Program in Pharmacology, Department of Clinical and Toxicology Analysis, Center of Health Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM) , Santa Maria , RS , Brazil
| | - Gabriela Bonfanti
- a Postgraduate Program in Pharmacology, Department of Clinical and Toxicology Analysis, Center of Health Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM) , Santa Maria , RS , Brazil
| | | | - Thainan Paz da Silva
- b Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, UFSM , Santa Maria , Brazil , and
| | | | - Aline Boligon
- b Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, UFSM , Santa Maria , Brazil , and
| | - Aline Pigatto
- c Franciscan University Center, UNIFRA , Santa Maria , RS , Brazil
| | | | - Maria Beatriz Moretto
- a Postgraduate Program in Pharmacology, Department of Clinical and Toxicology Analysis, Center of Health Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM) , Santa Maria , RS , Brazil .,b Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, UFSM , Santa Maria , Brazil , and
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Borges RM, Horne JH, Melo A, Vidal JT, Vieceli FM, Melo MO, Kanno TYN, Fraser SE, Yan CYI. A detailed description of an economical setup for electroporation of chick embryos in ovo. Braz J Med Biol Res 2013; 46:752-7. [PMID: 24068190 PMCID: PMC3854436 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20133232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2013] [Accepted: 06/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the challenges of the postgenomic era is characterizing the function and
regulation of specific genes. For various reasons, the early chick embryo can
easily be adopted as an in vivo assay of gene function and
regulation. The embryos are robust, accessible, easily manipulated, and
maintained in the laboratory. Genomic resources centered on vertebrate organisms
increase daily. As a consequence of optimization of gene transfer protocols by
electroporation, the chick embryo will probably become increasingly popular for
reverse genetic analysis. The challenge of establishing chick embryonic
electroporation might seem insurmountable to those who are unfamiliar with
experimental embryological methods. To minimize the cost, time, and effort
required to establish a chick electroporation assay method, we describe and
illustrate in great detail the procedures involved in building a low-cost
electroporation setup and the basic steps of electroporation.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Borges
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, Departamento de Biologia Celular e do Desenvolvimento, São PauloSP, Brasil
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Abstract
While plants of a single species emit a diversity of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) to attract or repel interacting organisms, these specific messages may be lost in the midst of the hundreds of VOCs produced by sympatric plants of different species, many of which may have no signal content. Receivers must be able to reduce the babel or noise in these VOCs in order to correctly identify the message. For chemical ecologists faced with vast amounts of data on volatile signatures of plants in different ecological contexts, it is imperative to employ accurate methods of classifying messages, so that suitable bioassays may then be designed to understand message content. We demonstrate the utility of 'Random Forests' (RF), a machine-learning algorithm, for the task of classifying volatile signatures and choosing the minimum set of volatiles for accurate discrimination, using data from sympatric Ficus species as a case study. We demonstrate the advantages of RF over conventional classification methods such as principal component analysis (PCA), as well as data-mining algorithms such as support vector machines (SVM), diagonal linear discriminant analysis (DLDA) and k-nearest neighbour (KNN) analysis. We show why a tree-building method such as RF, which is increasingly being used by the bioinformatics, food technology and medical community, is particularly advantageous for the study of plant communication using volatiles, dealing, as it must, with abundant noise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Ranganathan
- Centre for Ecological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Borges
- Centre for Ecological Science, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012, India.
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Borges RM. Ant and human farmers face similar problems. J Biosci 2001; 26:121-2. [PMID: 11426044 DOI: 10.1007/bf02703632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R M Borges
- Centre for Ecological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012, India.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Borges
- Centre for Ecological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012, Karnataka, India.
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Borges RM. How asymmetrical before it's asymmetrical? J Biosci 2000; 25:121-2. [PMID: 10878851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- R M Borges
- Centre for Ecological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012, India.
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