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Farny C, Brocco E, Merat R. [Screening for cutaneous melanoma: little impact, major challenges]. Rev Med Suisse 2024; 20:648-652. [PMID: 38563539 DOI: 10.53738/revmed.2024.20.867.648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Routine screening for melanoma has never been shown to be effective. Here, we revisit this debate and the preconceived notion that the increased detection of early-stage melanoma should necessarily be followed within the same population by a reduction in the incidence of advanced stages, which is not supported by any evidence. The issue of overdiagnosis, which has been debated for several decades, is discussed in the light of screening practices. We illustrate with two of its common motives, why this practice is ineffective. Finally, we suggest that the risk of overdiagnosis has probably reached its climax over the last two decades, as the increasing sensitivity of skin-imaging tools has not been followed by a refinement of histopathologic diagnostic criteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Farny
- Unité de dermato-oncologie, Division de dermatologie et vénéréologie, Hôpitaux universitaires de Genève, 1211 Genève 14
| | - Elise Brocco
- Unité de dermato-oncologie, Division de dermatologie et vénéréologie, Hôpitaux universitaires de Genève, 1211 Genève 14
| | - Rastine Merat
- Unité de dermato-oncologie, Division de dermatologie et vénéréologie, Hôpitaux universitaires de Genève, 1211 Genève 14
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2
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Janušonytė E, Buyck M, Merat R, Alipour Tehrany Y. Action during childhood for lifelong primary skin cancer prevention. Lancet Child Adolesc Health 2024; 8:5-7. [PMID: 37865105 DOI: 10.1016/s2352-4642(23)00252-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Eglė Janušonytė
- Division of Dermatology and Venereology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva 1205, Switzerland; Vilnius University Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania.
| | - Michael Buyck
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Children's Hospital of Geneva, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Rastine Merat
- Division of Dermatology and Venereology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva 1205, Switzerland; Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Yassaman Alipour Tehrany
- Division of Dermatology and Venereology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva 1205, Switzerland; Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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3
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Merat R. The human antigen R as an actionable super-hub within the network of cancer cell persistency and plasticity. Transl Oncol 2023; 35:101722. [PMID: 37352624 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2023.101722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023] Open
Abstract
In this perspective article, a clinically inspired phenotype-driven experimental approach is put forward to address the challenge of the adaptive response of solid cancers to small-molecule targeted therapies. A list of conditions is derived, including an experimental quantitative assessment of cell plasticity and an information theory-based detection of in vivo dependencies, for the discovery of post-transcriptional druggable mechanisms capable of preventing at multiple levels the emergence of plastic dedifferentiated slow-proliferating cells. The approach is illustrated by the author's own work in the example case of the adaptive response of BRAFV600-melanoma to BRAF inhibition. A bench-to-bedside and back to bench effort leads to a therapeutic strategy in which the inhibition of the baseline activity of the interferon-γ-activated inhibitor of translation (GAIT) complex, incriminated in the expression insufficiency of the RNA-binding protein HuR in a minority of cells, results in the suppression of the plastic, intermittently slow-proliferating cells involved in the adaptive response. A similar approach is recommended for the validation of other classes of mechanisms that we seek to modulate to overcome this complex challenge of modern cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rastine Merat
- Dermato-Oncology Unit, Division of Dermatology, Geneva University Hospitals, Switzerland; Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland.
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4
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Ramelyte E, Nägeli MC, Hunger R, Merat R, Gaide O, Navarini AA, Cozzio A, Wagner NB, Maul LV, Dummer R. Swiss Recommendations for Cutaneous Basal Cell Carcinoma. Dermatology 2022; 239:122-131. [PMID: 36137524 PMCID: PMC9808659 DOI: 10.1159/000526478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common nonmelanoma skin cancer in Switzerland and worldwide. Most BCCs can be treated in a curative setting. However, patients can develop locally destructive and, rarely, metastatic tumors that require a different treatment approach. The clinical subtype of individual lesions provides prognostic information and influences management decisions. Surgical excision, topical therapies, and radiotherapy are highly effective in the majority of subtypes as well as in low- and high-risk diseases. For patients with low-risk diseases and superficial tumors not amenable to surgery, several nonsurgical alternatives are available. Systemic therapy is indicated for high-risk BCCs, which are not amenable to either surgery or radiotherapy. Hedgehog pathway inhibitors (HHI) are currently approved. Other therapeutic options such as immune checkpoint inhibitors show promising results in clinical trials. This first version of Swiss recommendations for diagnosis and management of BCC was prepared through extensive literature review and an advisory board consensus of expert dermatologists and oncologists in Switzerland. The present guidelines recommend therapies based on a multidisciplinary team approach and rate of recurrence for individual lesions. Based on the risk of recurrence, two distinct groups have been identified: low-risk (easy-to-treat) and high-risk (difficult-to-treat) tumors. Based on these classifications, evidence-based recommendations of available therapies are presented herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Egle Ramelyte
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland,*Egle Ramelyte,
| | - Mirjam C. Nägeli
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland,**Mirjam C. Nägeli,
| | - Robert Hunger
- Department of Dermatology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Rastine Merat
- Division of Dermatology and Venereology, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Gaide
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Antonio Cozzio
- Clinic of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, St. Gallen Hospital, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Nikolaus B. Wagner
- Clinic of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, St. Gallen Hospital, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Lara Valeska Maul
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Reinhard Dummer
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Del Río-Sancho S, Martinez DA, Merat R, Christen-Zaech S, Laubach H. Noninvasive in vivo characterization of laser-induced microscopic treatment zones: A new standard procedure. Lasers Surg Med Suppl 2022; 54:1183-1185. [PMID: 36125435 DOI: 10.1002/lsm.23602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Del Río-Sancho
- Laser Dermatology Consultation, Division of Dermatology and Venereology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - David Alvarez Martinez
- Laser Dermatology Consultation, Division of Dermatology and Venereology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Rastine Merat
- Dermato-Oncology Unit, Division of Dermatology and Venereology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Stephanie Christen-Zaech
- Pediatric Dermatology Unit, Departments of Dermatology & Venereology and Pediatrics, University Hospital Lausanne, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Hans Laubach
- Laser Dermatology Consultation, Division of Dermatology and Venereology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.,Pediatric Dermatology Unit, Departments of Dermatology & Venereology and Pediatrics, University Hospital Lausanne, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Eseme EA, Da Rocha D, Tremp M, Tzika E, Merat R, Kalbermatten DF, Oranges CM. Rintala Flap and Posterior Perichondrial Cutaneous Graft: A Combined Approach for Nasal Tip Reconstruction. Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open 2022; 10:e4316. [PMID: 35539288 PMCID: PMC9076444 DOI: 10.1097/gox.0000000000004316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Nasal tip reconstruction requires a meticulous approach due to the complexity of the nasal anatomy and its aesthetic importance. Many procedures have been described to restore this aesthetic unit, including the paramedian forehead flap, which is one of the workhorse flaps. However, despite excellent final outcomes, this procedure may be refused by patients, due to its temporary conspicuous appearance possibly associated with serious psychological implications, and the need of multiple interventions. We aimed to present an approach combining the Rintala flap and the posterior perichondrial cutaneous graft as a valuable alternative to treat large nasal tip defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebai A. Eseme
- From the Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Da Rocha
- From the Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Mathias Tremp
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Hirslanden Private Hospital Group, Cham, Switzerland
| | - Evangelia Tzika
- Oncodermatology Unit, Division of Dermatology and Venerology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Rastine Merat
- Oncodermatology Unit, Division of Dermatology and Venerology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Daniel F. Kalbermatten
- From the Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Carlo M. Oranges
- From the Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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7
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Merat R. [BRAF inhibitors-induced paradoxical reactions and oncogenesis]. Rev Med Suisse 2022; 18:590-594. [PMID: 35353454 DOI: 10.53738/revmed.2022.18.775.590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Paradoxical oncogenesis and benign paradoxical proliferations occur in off-target rapidly regenerating labile tissues of patients treated for malignancies with small-molecule inhibitors of cell-signaling such as kinase inhibitors. These paradoxical proliferations, particularly well listed in patients treated with selective BRAF inhibitors carrying BRAF-mutated solid malignancies, have had their incidence reduced upon the advent of BRAF/MEK double blockade therapies. Mechanistically, the underlying molecular events involved in paradoxical proliferations in off-target tissues could prove to be as complex as those involved in the adaptive resistance of malignant cells to targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rastine Merat
- Unité de dermato-oncologie, Service de dermatologie et vénéréologie, Département des spécialités en médecine, Hôpitaux universitaires de Genève, 1211 Genève 14
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Bugi-Marteyn A, Noulet F, Liaudet N, Merat R. A mutual information-based in vivo monitoring of adaptive response to targeted therapies in melanoma. Neoplasia 2021; 23:775-782. [PMID: 34237504 PMCID: PMC8267495 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2021.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
In vivo dependencies should be quantified in adaptive resistance mechanistic studies Mutual information (MI) quantifies any type rather than just linear dependencies MI outperforms classic expression correlation coefficients Adaptive response to small-molecules inhibitors can be monitored in vivo using MI Strategies that prevent adaptive resistance can be monitored in vivo using MI
The mechanisms of adaptive resistance to genetic-based targeted therapies of solid malignancies have been the subject of intense research. These studies hold great promise for finding co-targetable hub/pathways which in turn would control the downstream non-genetic mechanisms of adaptive resistance. Many such mechanisms have been described in the paradigmatic BRAF-mutated melanoma model of adaptive response to BRAF inhibition. Currently, a major challenge for these mechanistic studies is to confirm in vivo, at the single-cell proteomic level, the existence of dependencies between the co-targeted hub/pathways and their downstream effectors. Moreover, the drug-induced in vivo modulation of these dependencies needs to be demonstrated. Here, we implement such single-cell-based in vivo expression dependency quantification using immunohistochemistry (IHC)-based analyses of sequential biopsies in two xenograft models. These mimic phase 2 and 3 trials in our own therapeutic strategy to prevent the adaptive response to BRAF inhibition. In this mechanistic model, the dependencies between the targeted Li2CO3-inducible hub HuR and the resistance effectors are more likely time-shifted and transient since the minority of HuRLow cells, which act as a reservoir of adaptive plasticity, switch to a HuRHigh state as they paradoxically proliferate under BRAF inhibition. Nevertheless, we show that a copula/kernel density estimator (KDE)-based quantification of mutual information (MI) efficiently captures, at the individual level, the dependencies between HuR and two relevant resistance markers pERK and EGFR, and outperforms classic expression correlation coefficients. Ultimately, the validation of MI as a predictive IHC-based metric of response to our therapeutic strategy will be carried in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurore Bugi-Marteyn
- Dermato-Oncology Unit, Division of Dermatology, University Hospital of Geneva, Switzerland; Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Fanny Noulet
- Dermato-Oncology Unit, Division of Dermatology, University Hospital of Geneva, Switzerland; Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Liaudet
- Bioimaging core Facility, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Rastine Merat
- Dermato-Oncology Unit, Division of Dermatology, University Hospital of Geneva, Switzerland; Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland.
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Abstract
Mucocutaneous adverse events are commonly observed under immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) therapy. Here, we report the case of a 43-year-old male patient with a stage IIIC melanoma disease who developed hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) three months after the beginning of an anti-PD-1 (nivolumab) adjuvant therapy. The patient had no comorbidities other than obesity and severe acne during adolescence. After an unsuccessful course of lymecycline while he was still treated with nivolumab, he gradually improved under zinc gluconate therapy and, more importantly, after nivolumab cessation. HS is a recurrent follicular inflammatory disease in the apocrine gland-bearing areas of the body often associated with obesity, metabolic syndrome, tobacco smoking, inflammatory bowel diseases, psoriasis, and arthritis. In our patient, the latency period between drug initiation and onset of HS symptoms and the improvement after immunotherapy discontinuation, argued strongly in favor of an anti-PD-1-induced HS. Anti-PD-1 therapies often trigger T cells-mediated adverse events that mimic Th17-mediated inflammatory and neutrophilic diseases. We suggest that HS, as other pustular skin reactions and ICIs-induced neutrophilic colitis, can be part of the anti-PD-1 mucocutaneous adverse event spectrum.
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10
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Dumont S, Cullati S, Manor O, Courvoisier DS, Bouchardy C, Merat R, Guessous I. Skin cancer screening in Switzerland: Cross-sectional trends (1997-2012) in socioeconomic inequalities. Prev Med 2019; 129:105829. [PMID: 31476336 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2019.105829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 08/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Skin cancer is one of the most common malignancies. Despite controversy over its efficacy, skin cancer screening has become widespread although socioeconomic screening inequalities have been documented. Switzerland has the highest rate of melanoma in Europe but Swiss trends in skin cancer screening and social disparities have not been investigated. This study aims to evaluate trends in skin cancer screening and its association with socioeconomic indicators in Switzerland between 1997 and 2012. METHOD We used data from four waves (from 1997 to 2012) of the population-based Swiss Health Interview Survey. Multivariable Poisson regressions with robust variance were used to estimate weighted prevalence ratio (PR) and 95% Confidence Intervals (CI) adjusting for demographics, health status and use of healthcare. RESULTS This study included 60,764 participants with a mean age of 49.1 years (standard deviation (SD) 17.2) and 53.6% of women. Between 1997 and 2012, the weighted prevalence of ever life-time skin examination and skin examination in the current year increased by 38.2% and 35.3% respectively (p-value <0.001). Participants with a lower education level, lower income and living in non-metropolitan areas were less often screened than their counterparts. Educational differences in ever life-time skin examination increased over time (p-value for trend = 0.036). CONCLUSION While skin cancer screening prevalence in Switzerland increased from 1997 to 2012, most social inequalities persisted over time and educational inequalities increased. Dermatologists should be alerted that populations with lower education should be given special attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shireen Dumont
- Division of Primary Care Medicine, Department of Primary Care Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Switzerland.
| | - Stéphane Cullati
- Institute of Sociological Research, University of Geneva, Switzerland; Department of Readaptation and Geriatrics, University of Geneva, Switzerland; Division of Quality of Care, Geneva University Hospitals, Switzerland
| | - Orly Manor
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Hebrew University-Hadassah, Israel
| | - Delphine S Courvoisier
- Department of Readaptation and Geriatrics, University of Geneva, Switzerland; Division of Quality of Care, Geneva University Hospitals, Switzerland
| | - Christine Bouchardy
- Geneva Cancer Registry, Global Health Institute, University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Rastine Merat
- Division of Dermatology and Venereology, Geneva University Hospitals, Switzerland
| | - Idris Guessous
- Division of Primary Care Medicine, Department of Primary Care Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Switzerland
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Merat R, Bugi-Marteyn A, Wrobel LJ, Py C, Daali Y, Schwärzler C, Liaudet N. Drug-induced expression of the RNA-binding protein HuR attenuates the adaptive response to BRAF inhibition in melanoma. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 517:181-187. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.06.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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12
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Merat R. [Recent advances in the adjuvant treatment of high-risk melanoma]. Rev Med Suisse 2019; 15:34-37. [PMID: 30629365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Despite tremendous therapeutic innovations during the last decade, the prognosis of metastatic melanoma remains uncertain. Adjuvant therapy following resection of high-risk melanoma is currently under intense investigation. Both small-molecules targeted therapy and immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy, initially developed for metastatic disease, have proven to be efficient in the adjuvant setting in phase 3 trials. The results of this research are already considered as practice-changing. In this article we summarize this ongoing clinical research and its consequences for the practical management of high-risk melanoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rastine Merat
- Service de dermatologie, Département des spécialités en médecine, HUG, Genève 14
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13
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Merat R, Gilliet M, Boehncke WH, Gaide O. [Not Available]. Rev Med Suisse 2018; 14:1422-1423. [PMID: 30091335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
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14
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Alvarez Martinez D, Boehncke WH, Kaya G, Merat R. Recognition of early melanoma: a monocentric dermoscopy follow-up study comparing de novo melanoma with nevus-associated melanoma. Int J Dermatol 2018; 57:692-702. [PMID: 29611194 DOI: 10.1111/ijd.13977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2017] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The earlier detection of melanomas occurring within preexisting nevi is theoretically possible using sequential dermoscopy. Characterizing the early follow-up changes of nevus-associated melanomas (NAMs) and differentiating them from those observed in de novo melanomas (DNMs) may help the earlier recognition of NAMs. METHODS Using descriptive dermoscopic features to detect focal changes, we blindly evaluated retrospectively the baseline and follow-up images of 32 melanomas that were subsequently classified as histopathologically defined NAMs or DNMs. RESULTS Correlates of growth, as structureless brown‐black areas or clods, complemented each other for the identification of DNMs at baseline (structureless brown‐black areas: 66.7% DNMs, 15% NAMs, P < 0.01; combined with clods, one or the other being present: 100% DNMs, 30% NAMs, P < 0.01) and when considering their baseline presence or their appearance at follow‐up (100% DNMs, 35% NAMs, P < 0.01). Correlates of fibrosis, as white lines, when considering their baseline presence or their appearance at follow-up, were associated with NAMs (60%, 16.7% DNMs, P = 0.027). CONCLUSION Significant differences, distinguishing NAMs from DNMs, were detected particularly when considering both baseline signs and follow-up changes. Earlier identification of NAMs and their subsequent improved histological characterization will help define the subgroup of high-risk patients, for whom comprehensive image monitoring may be beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Alvarez Martinez
- Division of Dermatology and Venereology, University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Wolf-Henning Boehncke
- Division of Dermatology and Venereology, University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Gürkan Kaya
- Division of Dermatology and Venereology, University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Rastine Merat
- Division of Dermatology and Venereology, University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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15
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Liaudet N, Fernandez M, Fontao L, Kaya G, Merat R. Hu antigen R (HuR) heterogeneous expression quantification as a prognostic marker of melanoma. J Cutan Pathol 2018; 45:333-336. [PMID: 29393978 DOI: 10.1111/cup.13119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Revised: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prognostic markers for melanoma, particularly for stage II disease, are needed for the risk-benefit evaluation of future adjuvant therapies. The mainly nuclear RNA-binding protein human antigen R (HuR) regulates the protein expression of thousands of mRNAs, its own heterogeneous expression could therefore reflect tumor heterogeneity and plasticity. Here, we evaluate its quantification in primary melanoma as a marker of metastatic outcome. METHODS We conducted an immunohistochemistry-based automated quantification of HuR nuclear expression heterogeneity in primary melanomas, most with Breslow thickness ≥ 1 mm and calculated the dimensionless fourth moment, that is, the kurtosis of HuR (HuR K) expression distribution. Twelve tumors from patients with no metastatic disease were compared to a similar number of tumors from patients who had metastatic disease at 2 years follow up. RESULTS HuR K value appeared significantly higher in the non-metastatic group comparatively to the metastatic group (P = 2.84 × 10-3 , 1-tailed Wilcoxon rank-sum test). Moreover, compared to the Breslow thickness, HuR K value appeared as a more robust marker of metastatic outcome (respective areas under receiver operating characteristic curves 0.84 and 0.87). CONCLUSION Our data need confirmation on a large cohort, however strongly suggest that HuR expression heterogeneity quantification using kurtosis, could be used as a prognostic marker in melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Liaudet
- Bioimaging Core Facility, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Marylise Fernandez
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Lionel Fontao
- Division of Dermatology, University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Gürkan Kaya
- Division of Dermatology, University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Rastine Merat
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Division of Dermatology, University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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Braun RP, Ulrich K, Hunger R, Gaide O, Arnold A, Merat R, Dummer R, Hafner J, French LE, Cozzio A. Evaluation of the National Swiss Skin Cancer Screening Campaign 2013: Do We Do the Right Thing. Dermatology 2017; 233:404-409. [PMID: 29237168 DOI: 10.1159/000484946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Skin cancer prevention and screening programs are performed in many countries. Their benefit is discussed controversially. OBJECTIVE Our aim is to evaluate the Skin Cancer Screening Program 2013 in Switzerland by following up screenees upon interventions. METHODS Quality was assessed by personal follow-up via phone/e-mail of every patient that had been screened during this campaign and histological follow-up of all participants with suspicious skin lesions. RESULTS Of the 1,087 screenees requiring interventions, 263 agreed to participate in the follow-up. We were able to obtain 66 histology reports. During this campaign 33 malignant lesions (8 melanomas) were removed. CONCLUSION The overall melanoma detection rate in our free Skin Cancer Screening Program is comparable to those in European public activities. The costs of free screening programs compare favorably with the prevented potential therapeutic costs of late-stage melanoma. The low response rate of screenees agreeing to be followed up limits conclusions of this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralph-Peter Braun
- Department of Dermatology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Fernandez M, Sutterlüty-Fall H, Schwärzler C, Lemeille S, Boehncke WH, Merat R. Overexpression of the human antigen R suppresses the immediate paradoxical proliferation of melanoma cell subpopulations in response to suboptimal BRAF inhibition. Cancer Med 2017; 6:1652-1664. [PMID: 28573821 PMCID: PMC5504324 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.1091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Revised: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor plasticity and the heterogeneous response of melanoma cells to targeted therapies are major limits for the long‐term efficacy of this line of therapy. Targeting tumor plasticity is theoretically possible through the modulation of the expression of RNA‐binding proteins which can affect many different compensatory mechanisms of the adaptive response of malignant cells to targeted therapies. Human antigen R (HuR) is a modulator of gene expression and a transacting factor in the mRNA‐processing machinery used in the cell stress response, and is a potential target for reducing tumor plasticity. In this experiment, we exploit the inherent heterogeneous response of the A375 melanoma line to suboptimal BRAF inhibition as a model of immediate adaptive response. We first observe that HuR overexpression can prevent the heterogeneous response and thus the immediate paradoxical proliferation induced by low‐doses vemurafenib treatment. We then use single‐cell mass cytometry to characterize subpopulations, including those that paradoxically proliferate, based on their proliferation rate and the expression patterns of markers involved in the reversible adaptive resistance to BRAF inhibition and/or recognized as HuR targets involved in cell cycle regulation. Under suboptimal BRAF inhibition, HuR overexpression affects these subpopulations and their expression pattern with contrasting responses depending on their proliferation rate: faster‐proliferating vemurafenib‐sensitive or ‐resistant subpopulations showed higher death tendency and reduced size, and slower‐proliferating subpopulations showed an attenuated resistant expression response and their paradoxical proliferation was inhibited. These observations pave the way to new therapeutic strategies for preventing the heterogeneous response of tumors to targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marylise Fernandez
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Christoph Schwärzler
- Flow Cytometry Core Facility, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sylvain Lemeille
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Wolf-Henning Boehncke
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Switzerland.,Division of Dermatology, University Hospital of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Rastine Merat
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Switzerland.,Division of Dermatology, University Hospital of Geneva, Switzerland
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18
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Merat R, Boehncke WH, Kaya G. In vivo reflectance confocal microscopy: a useful non-invasive tool to assess the response to isolated limb perfusion for superficial pigmented melanoma in-transit metastatic disease. Report of a case. Dermatol Pract Concept 2017; 7:47-49. [PMID: 28515994 PMCID: PMC5424663 DOI: 10.5826/dpc.0702a10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2016] [Accepted: 01/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Complete response can be difficult to assess after isolated limb perfusion (ILP) for metastatic in-transit melanoma, especially when numerous and unresectable post-necrotic persisting pigmented lesions occur. These residual lesions are mainly seen in the more superficial and pigmented types of metastatic disease and correspond to the residual melanophage granuloma that persists after tumor tissues undergo complete necrosis. Reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) is a non-invasive technique that allows the exploration of the superficial dermis. Here, we present the case of a patient in whom numerous post-ILP limb residual pigmented lesions were explored using combined RCM and histological examination of sample lesions and could be characterized as non-active. This approach allowed us to avoid additional excisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rastine Merat
- Division of Dermatology, University Hospital of Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Gürkan Kaya
- Division of Dermatology, University Hospital of Geneva, Switzerland
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Merat R, Seyde O, Fernandez E, Kaya G. Multiple palpebral syringomas occurring after initiation of BRAF inhibition therapy in a patient with metastatic melanoma. JAAD Case Rep 2016; 2:482-484. [PMID: 27981224 PMCID: PMC5149066 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdcr.2016.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rastine Merat
- Division of Dermatology, University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Olivia Seyde
- Division of Pathology, University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Eugenio Fernandez
- Division of Oncology, University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Gürkan Kaya
- Division of Dermatology, University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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Abstract
Psammomatous melanotic schwannoma (PMS) is a rare pigmented tumor that can be part of the Carney complex. Here, we describe the case of a 35-year-old female patient presenting an isolated subcutaneous PMS. Histopathological analysis could not formally exclude the malignant nature of the tumor. The challenging histological diagnosis and consequently the management of the patient are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rastine Merat
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Emmanuel Laffitte
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Gürkan Kaya
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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Eguia B, Kerob D, Merat R, Dupuy A, Fardet L, Bussel A, Rybojad M, Lebbe C, Morel P. P303 - Efficacité des immunoglobulines intraveineuses dans six cas de dermatomyosite amyopathique. Ann Dermatol Venereol 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/s0151-9638(05)80032-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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22
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Lacroix C, Merat R, Morel P, Feuilhade M. MYCETOMA DUE TO MADURELLA MYCETOMATIS SUCCESSFULLY TREATED BY ORAL VORICONAZOLE. Mycoses 2002. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0507.2002.tb04647.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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23
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Merat R, Amara A, Lebbe C, de The H, Morel P, Saib A. HIV-1 infection of primary effusion lymphoma cell line triggers Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) reactivation. Int J Cancer 2002; 97:791-5. [PMID: 11857356 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.10086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is a gammaherpesvirus etiologically linked to primary effusion lymphoma (PEL), to a subset of multicentric Castleman's disease and to Kaposi's sarcoma (KS), the most common neoplasm associated with AIDS. Among KSHV-infected individuals, the risk of KS is much higher in those with human immunodeficiency-1 (HIV-1) infection than among those with other types of immunosuppression, suggesting a direct action of HIV-1 on KSHV replication. We show in our report that BC-3 cells, a chronically KSHV-infected B-cell line of a PEL origin, are permissive to HIV-1, offering a new tool for studying the interactions between these 2 viruses. In these cells, HIV-1 infection leads to reactivation of latent KSHV genomes, as demonstrated by the expression of KSHV lytic viral mRNAs. Although recombinant HIV-1 gp120 fails to enhance herpesvirus expression, transient transfection of the HIV-1 trans-activator Tat suffices to reactivate latent KSHV. By showing that HIV-1 infection directly reactivates latent KSHV, our results suggest a direct role of HIV-1 in the onset of KS in coinfected individuals.
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MESH Headings
- Bacterial Proteins
- Blotting, Northern
- DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics
- DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism
- Gene Products, tat/genetics
- Gene Products, tat/metabolism
- HIV Envelope Protein gp120/genetics
- HIV Envelope Protein gp120/metabolism
- HIV-1/physiology
- Heat-Shock Proteins/genetics
- Heat-Shock Proteins/metabolism
- Herpesvirus 8, Human/growth & development
- Humans
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/virology
- Polymerase Chain Reaction
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- RNA, Viral/metabolism
- Sarcoma, Kaposi/virology
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
- Viral Proteins/metabolism
- Virus Activation
- Virus Replication
- tat Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus
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Affiliation(s)
- Rastine Merat
- Policlinique de Dermatologie, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France.
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Benveniste O, Chérin P, Maisonobe T, Merat R, Chosidow O, Mouthon L, Guillevin L, Flahault A, Burland MC, Klatzmann D, Herson S, Boyer O. Severe perturbations of the blood T cell repertoire in polymyositis, but not dermatomyositis patients. J Immunol 2001; 167:3521-9. [PMID: 11544346 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.167.6.3521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Polymyositis and dermatomyositis are diseases characterized by muscle weakness and muscle inflammatory infiltrates. Their pathogenesis remains unclear. A central role for endomysial autoaggressive CD8(+) T cells is suspected in polymyositis and for perivascular B cells in dermatomyositis. We compared the T cell repertoire of 10 polymyositis and 10 dermatomyositis patients by immunoscope, a method providing a global assessment of the T cell repertoire and a sensitive detection of clonal T cell expansions. Samples were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively in the blood (unsorted cells and CD4(+) and CD8(+) cells) and in muscle infiltrates. Dramatic perturbations of the T cell repertoire were observed in the blood of polymyositis but not dermatomyositis patients (p < 0.0005), the latter being undistinguishable from controls. These perturbations were due to oligoclonal expansions of CD8(+) T cells and most blood clonal expansions were also found in muscle. These results indicate that the pathogenesis of polymyositis and dermatomyositis is different and reinforce the view that polymyositis but not dermatomyositis is an autoimmune CD8(+) T cell-mediated disease. Moreover, this method may be helpful for the differential diagnosis of polymyositis and dermatomyositis and for noninvasive follow-up of polymyositis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Benveniste
- Laboratoire de Biologie et Thérapeutique des Pathologies Immunitaires, Service de Médecine Interne, and Laboratoire de Neuropathologie, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
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Merat R, Raoul H, Leste-Lasserre T, Sonigo P, Pancino G. Variable constraints on the principal immunodominant domain of the transmembrane glycoprotein of human immunodeficiency virus type 1. J Virol 1999; 73:5698-706. [PMID: 10364320 PMCID: PMC112629 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.73.7.5698-5706.1999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Lentiviruses have in their transmembrane glycoprotein (TM) a highly immunogenic structure referred to as the principal immunodominant domain (PID). The PID forms a loop of 5 to 7 amino acids between two conserved cysteines. Previous studies showed that envelope (Env) glycoprotein functions of feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) could be retained after extensive mutation of the PID loop sequence, in spite of its high conservation. In order to compare Env function in different lentiviruses, either random mutations were introduced in the PID loop sequence of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) or the entire HIV-1 PID loop was replaced by the corresponding PID loop of FIV or simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV). In the macrophage-tropic HIV-1 ADA Env, mutations impaired the processing of the gp160 Env precursor, thereby abolishing viral infectivity. However, 6 of the 108 random Env mutants that were screened retained the capacity to induce cell membrane fusion. The SIV and FIV sequences and five random mutations were then introduced in the context of T-cell-line-adapted HIV-1 LAI which, although phenotypically distant from HIV-1 ADA, has an identical PID loop sequence. In contrast to the situation for HIV-1 ADA mutants, the cleavage of the Env precursor was unaffected in most HIV-1 LAI mutants. Such mutations, however, resulted in increased shedding of the gp120 surface glycoprotein (SU) from the gp41 TM. The HIV-1 LAI Env mutants showed high fusogenic efficiency. Three Env mutants retained the capacity to mediate virus entry in target cells, although less efficiently than the wild-type Env, and allowed the reconstitution of infectious molecular clones. These results indicated that in HIV-1, like FIV, the conserved PID sequence can be changed without impairing Env function. However, functional constraints on the PID of HIV-1 vary depending on the structural context of Env, presumably in relation to the role of the PID in the interaction of the SU and TM subunits and the stability of the Env complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Merat
- Génétique des Virus (ICGM-CNRS UPR0415), Institut Cochin de Génétique Moléculaire, 75014 Paris, France
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Richardson J, Pancino G, Merat R, Leste-Lasserre T, Moraillon A, Schneider-Mergener J, Alizon M, Sonigo P, Heveker N. Shared usage of the chemokine receptor CXCR4 by primary and laboratory-adapted strains of feline immunodeficiency virus. J Virol 1999; 73:3661-71. [PMID: 10196258 PMCID: PMC104141 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.73.5.3661-3671.1999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Strains of the feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) presently under investigation exhibit distinct patterns of in vitro tropism. In particular, the adaptation of FIV for propagation in Crandell feline kidney (CrFK) cells results in the selection of strains capable of forming syncytia with cell lines of diverse species origin. The infection of CrFK cells by CrFK-adapted strains appears to require the chemokine receptor CXCR4 and is inhibited by its natural ligand, stromal cell-derived factor 1alpha (SDF-1alpha). Here we found that inhibitors of CXCR4-mediated infection by human immunodeficiency virus type I (HIV-1), such as the bicyclam AMD3100 and short peptides derived from the amino-terminal region of SDF-1alpha, also blocked infection of CrFK by FIV. Nevertheless, we observed differences in the ranking order of the peptides as inhibitors of FIV and HIV-1 and showed that such differences are related to the species origin of CXCR4 and not that of the viral envelope. These results suggest that, although the envelope glycoproteins of FIV and HIV-1 are substantially divergent, FIV and HIV-1 interact with CXCR4 in a highly similar manner. We have also addressed the role of CXCR4 in the life cycle of primary isolates of FIV. Various CXCR4 ligands inhibited infection of feline peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) by primary FIV isolates in a concentration-dependent manner. These ligands also blocked the viral transduction of feline PBMC by pseudotyped viral particles when infection was mediated by the envelope glycoprotein of a primary FIV isolate but not by the G protein of vesicular stomatitis virus, indicating that they act at an envelope-mediated step and presumably at viral entry. These findings strongly suggest that primary and CrFK-adapted strains of FIV, despite disparate in vitro tropisms, share usage of CXCR4.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Richardson
- Génétique des Virus (ICGM-CNRS UPR 0415), and Génétique Moléculaire Génétique Virale (INRA), Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, 94704 Maisons-Alfort, France
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Affiliation(s)
- A Petit
- Dermatology Service, Centre Hospitalier Victor Dupouy, Argenteuil, France
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