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Selvanantham T, Li SK, Zabinyakov N, Bouzekri A, Jong R, Sullivan M, Laboda A, Majonis D, Loh C. Abstract 3908: A streamlined and automated approach to high-content cytometric immunophenotyping with CyTOF XT. Cancer Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2022-3908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
High-parameter immune profiling is crucial in translational and clinical research to quantify changes in immune cell populations over time. CyTOF® mass cytometry is a high-plex, single-cell analysis platform that uses isotopically pure metal-labeled antibodies. The major advantage of CyTOF is its ability to resolve 40-plus markers in a single panel without compensation, making mass cytometry ideal for routine immunophenotyping. The autosampler module of CyTOF XT™ provides significant time savings by allowing automated sample acquisition. Tubes of pelleted stained samples are loaded into the Autosampler carousel, and the samples are resuspended with EQ™ Calibration Beads for acquisition. User input is only required during instrument startup, tuning, and batch setup. The added automation of CyTOF XT provides a streamlined workflow for suspension mass cytometry. Testing was performed to ensure that the data obtained on CyTOF XT was comparable to manual acquisition systems. The performance of CyTOF XT was tested in parallel with its predecessor, Helios™. Several workflows and applications for suspension mass cytometry including sample barcoding with the Cell-ID™ 20-Plex Pd Barcoding Kit, and surface, cytoplasmic, and nuclear staining and phosphostaining were evaluated on human PBMC. Manual gating analysis was performed to assess population frequencies and median intensities for each marker. Resolution index was calculated to assess how well positive and negative populations separated from each other. There was no significant difference between population frequencies analyzed between the two CyTOF systems. Moreover, samples acquired on CyTOF XT, on average, resulted in greater signal resolution between positive and negative populations compared to Helios. The Maxpar Direct Immune Profiling System was also compared on CyTOF XT and Helios using human whole blood and PBMC. The Maxpar® Direct™ Immune Profiling Assay™ and Maxpar Pathsetter™ software were developed as a sample-to-answer system for human immune profiling using CyTOF. The Maxpar Direct Immune Profiling Assay includes an optimized panel of 30 unique markers in a dry, single-tube format. Maxpar Pathsetter is an automated software used to report population statistics, stain assessments, and relevant data plots for the panel. The automated staining assessment in Maxpar Pathsetter was compared between files acquired on CyTOF XT and Helios. Comparable population frequencies were obtained between the two acquisition systems, and improved staining assessment was observed on CyTOF XT. Overall, these studies demonstrate that CyTOF XT generates better signal resolution as compared to Helios. The automated acquisition of CyTOF XT enables researchers to streamline immunophenotyping of human samples while accurately and reproducibly monitoring changes in immune cell subsets.
For Research Use Only. Not for use in diagnostic procedures.
Citation Format: Thiru Selvanantham, Stephen K.H. Li, Nick Zabinyakov, Alexandre Bouzekri, Raymond Jong, Michael Sullivan, Alexander Laboda, Daniel Majonis, Christina Loh. A streamlined and automated approach to high-content cytometric immunophenotyping with CyTOF XT [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 3908.
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Li SK, Zabinyakov N, Bouzekri A, Straus R, Jong R, Sullivan M, Loboda A, Majonis D, Loh C. An automated approach to high-plex cytometric immunophenotyping with CyTOF XT. The Journal of Immunology 2022. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.208.supp.172.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
CyTOF® mass cytometry is a single-cell analysis platform that uses isotope-tagged antibodies to resolve 50-plus markers in a single tube without signal compensation, making CyTOF ideal for routine immunophenotyping. CyTOF XT™, the latest CyTOF system, features automated sample acquisition. Stained samples were acquired in parallel using the automated CyTOF XT system and manually, using the Helios™ system, to assess performance of the automated system.
Multiple suspension mass cytometry staining workflows were evaluated. Population frequencies and resolution indices for markers were assessed by manual gating. There was no significant difference between population frequencies analyzed between the two CyTOF systems. On average, samples acquired on CyTOF XT resulted in greater resolution between positive and negative populations compared to Helios.
The Maxpar® Direct™ Immune Profiling System, which comprises the Maxpar® Direct™ Immune Profiling Assay™ and Maxpar Pathsetter™ software, was also compared on the CyTOF XT and Helios systems. The Maxpar Direct Immune Profiling Assay includes a 30-marker panel in a dry, single-tube format for staining human whole blood or PBMC. Maxpar Pathsetter automates reporting of population statistics and stain assessments for the panel. Maxpar Pathsetter showed comparable population frequencies between the two CyTOF systems and improved staining assessment on CyTOF XT.
Overall, these studies find that the CyTOF XT system generates better signal resolution than the Helios system. Automated acquisition by CyTOF XT enables researchers to accurately and reproducibly streamline human immunophenotyping.
For Research Use Only. Not for use in diagnostic procedures.
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Shammas A, Doria AS, Amirabadi A, Gahunia H, Jong R, Charron M, Moineddin R, Metser U. Pilot study on 18 F-FDG PET/CT for detection of inflammatory changes in blood-induced knee arthropathy in a rabbit model. Haemophilia 2016; 23:e25-e32. [PMID: 27762081 DOI: 10.1111/hae.13090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE 18 F-FDG-PET/CT has a potential role in the early detection of haemophilic arthritis, at a time when treatment may still avoid further joint degeneration. The purposes of this pilot study were to determine the ability of 18 F-FDG-PET/CT to detect inflammatory changes associated with blood-induced arthropathy in knees of a rabbit model. METHODS Ten juvenile rabbits were imaged at baseline and weeks 5 and 17 post intraarticular autologous blood injections (ABI). Five rabbits in group 1 (G1) had ABI into the same knee joint every 2 weeks (total, eight injections). Five rabbits in group 2 (G2) had only two injections into the same knee, at weeks 5 and 17. Images were assessed visually and semi-quantitatively by measuring maximal standardized uptake values (SUVmax) and standardized uptake ratio (SUR = SUVmax in affected knee/SUVmax in non-affected knee). RESULTS More rabbits in G1 than G2 presented with positive chronic inflammatory synovial scores at week 17. Mean iron staining scores in injected knees were greater for G1 than for G2 (P = 0.049). No increased uptake was identified in the injected knees in any of the rabbits at baseline or at week 5. At week 17, all G1 rabbits demonstrated increased uptake in their affected knees with higher mean SUVmax (1.5) than normal knees (1.0) (P < 0.02). None of the G2 rabbits showed asymmetric increased uptake. The SUR of G1 was higher at week 17 compared to baseline (P < 0.01) and week 5 (P < 0.01). The SUR at week 17 was higher for G1 than for G2 (1.13) rabbits (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION 18 F-FDG-PET is able to detect the inflammatory changes associated with haemophilic arthropathy in this experimental model.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Shammas
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - A S Doria
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - A Amirabadi
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - H Gahunia
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - R Jong
- Department of Pathology, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - M Charron
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - R Moineddin
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - U Metser
- Department of Radiology, Princess Margaret Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Wang KC, Amirabadi A, Wang KC, Moineddin R, Jong R, Tomlinson C, Doria AS. Longitudinal assessment of bone loss using quantitative ultrasound in a blood-induced arthritis rabbit model. Haemophilia 2015; 21:e402-10. [PMID: 26178807 DOI: 10.1111/hae.12743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Osteoporosis is common in haemophilic arthropathy. Quantitative ultrasound (QUS) can be a suitable alternative for dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry for diagnosing osteoporosis in haemophiliacs due to its lack of ionizing radiation, and ease to use. AIM We investigated the intra- and inter-operator reliability of QUS, its responsiveness to bone growth, its ability to differentiate bone adjacent to blood-injected vs. control joints, and the effect of soft tissues on the speed of sound (SOS) QUS values in a juvenile white New Zealand rabbit model of blood-induced arthritis. METHODS Eight of 16 rabbits were injected with autologous blood (0.1 mL kg(-1) ) 8 times over a 17-week period, the remaining eight rabbits served as controls. SOS was measured at baseline, weeks 8 and 17 in vivo and after the bones were excised on week 17. RESULTS Intra- and inter-operator coefficients of variation for QUS data were <5% and intraclass correlation coefficients were >60% for 22/27 (81.5%) of bones assessed. The level of interval increase in SOS values from baseline to week 17 was significantly different in tibiae of injected, contralateral to injected and non-injected knee groups by anova (P = 0.01). In vivo (mean ± SD, 4147.17 ± 96.27 m s(-1) ) and postmortem (4457.85 ± 104.00 m s(-1) ) measurements on week 17 differed (P < 0.01) indicating an effect of soft tissues on SOS. CONCLUSION In conclusion, QUS' acceptable reliability, its responsiveness to growth-related changes and its ability to discriminate injected and non-injected joints make this technique a plausible candidate as a diagnostic tool for osteoporosis in the paediatric haemophilic population if these results are confirmed upon animal-human translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- K C Wang
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - A Amirabadi
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - K C Wang
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - R Moineddin
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - R Jong
- Department of Pathology, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - C Tomlinson
- Department of Neonatology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - A S Doria
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Trudeau M, Chapman JA, Guo B, Clemons M, Dent R, Jong R, Kahn H, Shepherd L, Pritchard K, Xu J, O'Brien P, Parissenti A. Abstract P3-14-11: Microarray data analysis and long term outcomes of NCIC-CTG MA.22: Neoadjuvant epirubicin and docetaxel with pegfilgrastim support for locally advanced breast cancer. Cancer Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.sabcs13-p3-14-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: 93 patients were enrolled in sequential phase 1 and 2 trials of epirubicin (E) and docetaxel (D) given at 3 (cohort A) or 2 weekly (cohort B) intervals. We previously reported clinical (93%) and pathologic response rates (pCR 7%) as well as the association of fall in tumour RNA integrity (RIN) with response (ASCO 2010). Here we report the results of microarray analysis of tumor specimens pre-and mid-treatment to determine genes which are differentially expressed in different groups. Methods: 6 core biopsies were collected for all patients pre-, mid- and post-treatment with ED. 3 cores were used for standard pathologic assessment while 3 were used for gene expression assessment using Agilent full genome microarrays. Pre- and mid-treatment cores were used with Agilent Feature Extraction Software to assess microarrays; and baseline continuous (% positive) immunohistochemical ER, PR, HER2, and Topo2 were investigated by schedule and dose. RNAs with RIN > = 5.0 were subjected to microarray analysis. NIH BRB array tools were used for investigations of differential gene expressions. K-M curves were generated for the phase 2 cohorts for disease free (DFS) and event free survival (EFS), and for ER− PR− and ER or PR+ subgroups. Results: Of the 93 patients, 47 were in cohort A and 46 in cohort B. Median overall survival was 6.34 years on study. DFS at 50 months was 55% for A (phase 2) and 67% for B (phase 2), while EFS was 55% for A and 63% for B. For ER or PR+ DFS and EFS were 60% and for ER− PR− DFS and EFS were 63%. 134 arrays were available in total: 57 from A, 68 from B with 11 reference breast tumour RNAs for standardization. Patients with and without microarrays were not significantly different. Pre-treatment, we found 3 differentially expressed genes in A and 6 in B between patients who did and did not have RIN > = 5.0 at mid-treatment. Comparing CR to non-CR (PR, SD, PD), 40 genes were found for A and 2 genes for B. Many genes were also differentially expressed in A and B when analyzed by pathologic factors ER, PR, HER2, Topo2, schedule and dose. Mid-treatment, 4,365 genes in A and 18,770 genes in B were significantly different from pre-treatment. Conclusion: At 50 months, DFS was 55% for 3 weekly and 67% for 2 weekly schedules of ED. The genes identified in each cohort pretreatment will be investigated further for relevance to predicting sensitivity or resistance to E or D.
Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr P3-14-11.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Trudeau
- Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada; NCIC Clinical Trials Group, Kingston, ON, Canada; The Ottawa Hospital Cancer Centre, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Advanced Medical Research Institute of Canada (AMRIC), Sudbury, ON, Canada
| | - J-A Chapman
- Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada; NCIC Clinical Trials Group, Kingston, ON, Canada; The Ottawa Hospital Cancer Centre, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Advanced Medical Research Institute of Canada (AMRIC), Sudbury, ON, Canada
| | - B Guo
- Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada; NCIC Clinical Trials Group, Kingston, ON, Canada; The Ottawa Hospital Cancer Centre, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Advanced Medical Research Institute of Canada (AMRIC), Sudbury, ON, Canada
| | - M Clemons
- Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada; NCIC Clinical Trials Group, Kingston, ON, Canada; The Ottawa Hospital Cancer Centre, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Advanced Medical Research Institute of Canada (AMRIC), Sudbury, ON, Canada
| | - R Dent
- Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada; NCIC Clinical Trials Group, Kingston, ON, Canada; The Ottawa Hospital Cancer Centre, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Advanced Medical Research Institute of Canada (AMRIC), Sudbury, ON, Canada
| | - R Jong
- Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada; NCIC Clinical Trials Group, Kingston, ON, Canada; The Ottawa Hospital Cancer Centre, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Advanced Medical Research Institute of Canada (AMRIC), Sudbury, ON, Canada
| | - H Kahn
- Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada; NCIC Clinical Trials Group, Kingston, ON, Canada; The Ottawa Hospital Cancer Centre, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Advanced Medical Research Institute of Canada (AMRIC), Sudbury, ON, Canada
| | - L Shepherd
- Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada; NCIC Clinical Trials Group, Kingston, ON, Canada; The Ottawa Hospital Cancer Centre, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Advanced Medical Research Institute of Canada (AMRIC), Sudbury, ON, Canada
| | - K Pritchard
- Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada; NCIC Clinical Trials Group, Kingston, ON, Canada; The Ottawa Hospital Cancer Centre, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Advanced Medical Research Institute of Canada (AMRIC), Sudbury, ON, Canada
| | - J Xu
- Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada; NCIC Clinical Trials Group, Kingston, ON, Canada; The Ottawa Hospital Cancer Centre, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Advanced Medical Research Institute of Canada (AMRIC), Sudbury, ON, Canada
| | - P O'Brien
- Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada; NCIC Clinical Trials Group, Kingston, ON, Canada; The Ottawa Hospital Cancer Centre, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Advanced Medical Research Institute of Canada (AMRIC), Sudbury, ON, Canada
| | - A Parissenti
- Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada; NCIC Clinical Trials Group, Kingston, ON, Canada; The Ottawa Hospital Cancer Centre, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Advanced Medical Research Institute of Canada (AMRIC), Sudbury, ON, Canada
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Soliman H, Gunasekara A, Rycroft M, Zubovits J, Dent R, Spayne J, Jong R, Yaffe M, Czarnota G. Functional imaging of neoadjuvant chemotherapy response in women with locally advanced breast cancer using diffuse optical spectroscopy. J Clin Oncol 2009. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2009.27.15_suppl.3591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
3591 Background: Functional imaging with tomographic near infrared diffuse optical spectroscopy (DOS) can quantitatively measure tissue parameters such as the concentration of deoxy-hemoglobin (Hb), oxy-hemoglobin (HbO2), percent water (%water), and scattering power (SP). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the correlation between DOS functional parameters with pathologic outcomes. Methods: Patients with locally advanced breast cancer undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy or chemoradiotherapy were recruited to this study (n=10). Five scans were conducted per patient: a baseline scan taken up to 3 days prior to treatment and at 1 week, 4 weeks, 8 weeks, and after neoadjuvant treatment prior to surgery. Pulsed near-infrared laser light was used to scan the suspended breast at four different wavelengths and data was used for tomographic reconstruction. Volume-of-interest (VOI) weighted tissue Hb, HbO2, %water, and SP corresponding to the tumour was calculated and compared to pathological response as determined from full mount mastectomy specimens. Results: For all 10 patients the tumour-based VOI was significantly different than background tissue for all functional parameters (p<0.001). Five patients had a good pathologic response. Four patients were considered non-responders. One patient initially had a poor clinical response to chemotherapy but after a change in chemotherapy had a good clinical response. Responders and non-responders were significantly different for all of the functional parameters (p<0.05) at the 4 week scan. In the 5 patients with a good response the mean drop in Hb, HbO2, %water, and SP from baseline to the 4 week scan was 70.4% (SD=18.6), 66.5% (SD=24.5), 59.6% (SD=30.9), and 60.7% (SD=29.2), respectively. In contrast, the 4 non- responders had a mean drop of 17.7% (SD=9.8), 18.0% (SD=20.8), 15.4% (SD=11.7), and 12.6% (SD=10.2), for Hb, HbO2, %water and SP, respectively. Conclusions: Functional imaging using tomographic DOS parameters of Hb, HbO2, %water and SP could be used as an early detector of final pathologic tumour response. This could be evaluated in the future to assess response and potentially adjust chemotherapy regimens. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. Soliman
- Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada; Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada; University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - A. Gunasekara
- Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada; Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada; University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - M. Rycroft
- Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada; Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada; University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - J. Zubovits
- Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada; Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada; University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - R. Dent
- Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada; Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada; University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - J. Spayne
- Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada; Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada; University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - R. Jong
- Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada; Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada; University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - M. Yaffe
- Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada; Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada; University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - G. Czarnota
- Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada; Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada; University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Parissenti AM, Chapman JW, Kahn HJ, Guo B, Han L, O'Brien P, Clemons MP, Jong R, Dent R, Fitzgerald B, Pritchard KI, Shepherd LE, Trudeau ME. Reductions in tumor RNA integrity associated with clinical response to epirubicin/docetaxel chemotherapy in breast cancer patients. Cancer Res 2009. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.sabcs-6068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Abstract #6068
Background: Optimal doses and dosing intervals for neoadjuvant anthracycline/taxane chemotherapy are poorly studied. Moreover, biomarkers for measuring response to such combination regimens are unknown. This study investigated these issues in sequential phase I/II cohorts of women with locally advanced or inflammatory breast cancer treated with epirubicin and docetaxel with pegfilgrastim support at 3- or 2-weekly intervals in association with the NCIC-CTG MA.22 clinical trial.
 Methods: Accrual has been completed for the 3-weekly regimen (maximum tolerated dose: epirubicin 105 mg/m2, taxotere 75 mg/m2), and continues for the phase II portion of the 2-weekly regimen. Six core biopsies were obtained from 50 patients pre-, mid-, and post-treatment. Immunohistochemical staining was performed to determine baseline levels of ER, PR, HER2 and Topo II expressed as % positive stain. Tumour RNA integrity (RIN) and tumor extent were measured pre-, mid- and post-treatment by capillary electrophoresis and light microscopy after haematoxylin/eosin staining, respectively. Associations between maximum and average RIN at the three time points and tumour extent, clinical response, pathologic complete response, or baseline levels of ER, PR, HER2 and Topo II were assessed using Spearman correlation coefficients after data transformation to improve symmetry and stabilize variances. The association between both RIN and tumour extent, and baseline drug dose was assessed using a 1-way ANOVA.
 Results: Low mid-treatment maximum RIN was associated with high drug dose level (p=0.05) and eventual pathologic complete response (p=0.01). Post-treatment, low maximum and average RIN were found to be associated with low tumor extent (p=0.004 and p=0.01, respectively). As well, low average RIN was significantly associated with clinical complete response post-treatment (p=0.01). As expected, post-treatment low tumor extent was significantly associated with pathologic complete response (p=0.01). High pre-treatment Topo II levels were also significantly associated with high RIN (p = 0.03). No association was observed between RIN and HER2, ER or PR.
 Discussion: The association of RIN with tumour extent, pathologic complete response, clinical response, a known risk factor (Topo II), and drug dose suggests that the RIN may represent an important new biomarker for measuring response to anthracycline/taxane combinations (and possible other chemotherapy regimens) in breast cancer patients.
Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(2 Suppl):Abstract nr 6068.
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Affiliation(s)
- AM Parissenti
- 1 Regional Cancer Program, Sudbury Regional Hospital, Sudbury, ON, Canada
| | - JW Chapman
- 2 National Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - HJ Kahn
- 3 Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - B Guo
- 1 Regional Cancer Program, Sudbury Regional Hospital, Sudbury, ON, Canada
| | - L Han
- 2 National Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - P O'Brien
- 2 National Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - MP Clemons
- 4 Princess Margaret Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - R Jong
- 3 Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - R Dent
- 3 Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - B Fitzgerald
- 4 Princess Margaret Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - KI Pritchard
- 3 Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - LE Shepherd
- 2 National Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - ME Trudeau
- 3 Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Blackmore KM, Knight JA, Jong R, Lilge L. Assessing breast tissue density by transillumination breast spectroscopy (TIBS): an intermediate indicator of cancer risk. Br J Radiol 2007; 80:545-56. [PMID: 17537757 DOI: 10.1259/bjr/26858614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Risk assessment by parenchymal density pattern, a strong physical indicator of future breast cancer risk, is available with the onset of mammographic screening programmes. However, due to the use of ionizing radiation, mammography is not recommended for use in younger women, thereby rendering risk assessment unattainable at an earlier age. Visible and near infrared light was used on 292 women with radiologically normal mammograms to determine whether transillumination breast spectroscopy (TIBS) can identify women with a high parenchymal density pattern as an intermediate indicator of breast cancer risk. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to reduce the spectral data and generate density scores for each woman. To assess the accuracy of TIBS, logistic regression was used to calculate crude and adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for each score. Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves and area under the curve (AUC) were also calculated for the crude and adjusted logistic models. Optical information relating to tissue chromophores, such as water, lipid and haemoglobin content, was sufficient to identify women with high parenchymal density. The resulting AUC for the final and most parsimonious multivariate logistic model was 0.922 (95% CI 0.878-0.967). TIBS provides information correlating to high parenchymal density and is a promising tool for risk assessment, particularly for younger women.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Blackmore
- Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 2M9
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Warner E, Plewes D, Hill K, Causer P, Deboer G, Narod S, Cutrara M, Ramsay E, Jong R, Wong J. Effect of age and temporal patterns over 5 years in a Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)-based breast surveillance study for BRCA mutation carriers. J Clin Oncol 2004. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2004.22.90140.9500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- E. Warner
- Sunnybrook & Women's College Health Science Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - D. Plewes
- Sunnybrook & Women's College Health Science Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - K. Hill
- Sunnybrook & Women's College Health Science Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - P. Causer
- Sunnybrook & Women's College Health Science Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - G. Deboer
- Sunnybrook & Women's College Health Science Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - S. Narod
- Sunnybrook & Women's College Health Science Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - M. Cutrara
- Sunnybrook & Women's College Health Science Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - E. Ramsay
- Sunnybrook & Women's College Health Science Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - R. Jong
- Sunnybrook & Women's College Health Science Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - J. Wong
- Sunnybrook & Women's College Health Science Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Abstract
System design and initial phantom accuracy results for a novel biopsy system integrating both magnetic resonance (MR) and ultrasound (US) imaging modalities are presented. A phantom experiment was performed to investigate the efficacy of this hybrid guidance biopsy technique in a breast tissue mimicking phantom. A comparison between MR-guided core biopsy verses MR/US-guided core biopsy of phantom targets was realized using a scoring system based on the consistency of the acquired core samples (14 gauge). It was determined that the addition of US to guide needle placement improved the accuracy from an average score of 7.4 out of 10 (MRI guidance alone), to 9.6 (MRI/US guidance) over 21 trials. The average amount of needle tip correction resulting from the additional US information was determined to be 3.7 mm. This correction value is substantial, equal to approximately one radius of the intended targets. Hybrid US/MRI guided biopsy appears to offer a simple means to ensure accurate breast tissue sampling without the need for repeat MRI scans for verification or the need for real-time imaging in open MRI geometries.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Piron
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Sunnybrook and Women's College Health Science Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
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Boyd NF, Stone J, Martin LJ, Jong R, Fishell E, Yaffe M, Hammond G, Minkin S. The association of breast mitogens with mammographic densities. Br J Cancer 2002; 87:876-82. [PMID: 12373602 PMCID: PMC2376176 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6600537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 224] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2002] [Revised: 07/18/2002] [Accepted: 07/25/2002] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiologically dense breast tissue (mammographic density) is strongly associated with risk of breast cancer, but the biological basis for this association is unknown. In this study we have examined the association of circulating levels of hormones and growth factors with mammographic density. A total of 382 subjects, 193 premenopausal and 189 postmenopausal, without previous breast cancer or current hormone use, were selected in each of five categories of breast density from mammography units. Risk factor information, anthropometric measures, and blood samples were obtained, and oestradiol, progesterone, sex hormone binding globulin, growth hormone, insulin-like growth factor-I and its principal binding protein, and prolactin measured. Mammograms were digitised and measured using a computer-assisted method. After adjustment for other risk factors, we found in premenopausal women that serum insulin-like growth factor-I levels, and in postmenopausal women, serum levels of prolactin, were both significantly and positively associated with per cent density. Total oestradiol and progesterone levels were unrelated to per cent density in both groups. In postmenopausal women, free oestradiol (negatively), and sex hormone binding globulin (positively), were significantly related to per cent density. These data show an association between blood levels of breast mitogens and mammographic density, and suggest a biological basis for the associated risk of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- N F Boyd
- Division of Epidemiology and Statistics, Ontario Cancer Institute, 610 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1K9.
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Lin D, Pathak I, Jong R, Freeman J. Sebaceous gland carcinoma of the ocular adnexa. J Otolaryngol 2000; 29:251-3. [PMID: 11003080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- D Lin
- Department of Otolaryngology, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario
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Oestreicher JH, Bashour M, Jong R, Chiu B. Aspergillus mycetoma in a secondary hydroxyapatite orbital implant: a case report and literature review. Ophthalmology 1999; 106:987-91. [PMID: 10328401 DOI: 10.1016/s0161-6420(99)00521-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The authors describe the first case report of a fungal abscess within a hydroxyapatite orbital implant in a patient who had undergone straightforward secondary hydroxyapatite implant surgery. DESIGN Case report and literature review. INTERVENTION Four months postoperatively after pegging and 17 months after original implant placement, chronic discharge and socket irritation became evident. Recurrent pyogenic granulomas were a problem, but no obvious area of dehiscence was present over the implant. The peg and sleeve were removed 31 months after pegging (44 months after original placement of the implant). The pain and discharge did not resolve, and the entire hydroxyapatite orbital implant was removed 45 months after sleeve placement and 58 months after initial implant placement. The pain and discharge settled rapidly. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Cultures and histopathology. RESULTS Results of bacterial cultures were negative. Results of histopathologic examination of the implant disclosed intertrabecular spaces with multiple clusters of organisms consistent with Aspergillus. CONCLUSIONS Persistent orbital discomfort, discharge, and pyogenic granulomas after hydroxyapatite implantation should cause concern regarding potential implant infection. The authors have now shown that this implant infection could be bacterial or fungal in nature. This is essentially a new form of orbital Aspergillus, that of a chronic infection limited to a hydroxyapatite implant.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Oestreicher
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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14
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Thorner P, Squire J, Plavsic N, Jong R, Greenberg M, Zielenska M. Expression of WT1 in pediatric small cell tumors: report of two cases with a possible mesothelial origin. Pediatr Dev Pathol 1999; 2:33-41. [PMID: 9841704 DOI: 10.1007/s100249900087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The WT1 gene is normally expressed in fetal kidney and mesothelium, and its expression has been suggested as a marker for Wilms tumor and mesothelioma. We examined WT1 expression levels by reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in 38 childhood small-cell tumors including Wilms tumor, embryonal and alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma, Ewing sarcoma, lymphoma, desmoplastic small round-cell tumor (DSRCT), synovial sarcoma, extrarenal rhabdoid tumor, and two tumors that were atypical for this group of tumors. WT1 expression was only detected in Wilms tumor, rhabdoid tumor, and in these two cases of uncertain histogenesis. Both arose in the peritoneal cavity and by immunohistochemistry were diffusely positive for vimentin, keratin, and desmin. Tonofilaments were identified by electron microscopy in one of the cases. RT-PCR failed to detect the t(11;22) translocation associated with DSRCT in either case. Our results suggest that WT1 expression is an unusual feature of childhood non-Wilms tumors and, in the right setting, it may indicate a mesothelial origin. The expression of WT1 may play a role in mesodermal cells acquiring epithelial characteristics, a concept supported by the mixed epithelial and mesenchymal phenotype of these two cases.
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MESH Headings
- Biomarkers, Tumor
- Carcinoma, Small Cell/genetics
- Carcinoma, Small Cell/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Small Cell/pathology
- Child, Preschool
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11
- DNA-Binding Proteins/biosynthesis
- DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics
- Epithelium/pathology
- Humans
- Infant
- Liver Neoplasms/genetics
- Liver Neoplasms/metabolism
- Liver Neoplasms/pathology
- Lymphoma/genetics
- Lymphoma/metabolism
- Lymphoma/pathology
- Male
- Mesothelioma/genetics
- Mesothelioma/metabolism
- Mesothelioma/pathology
- Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Rhabdomyosarcoma/genetics
- Rhabdomyosarcoma/metabolism
- Rhabdomyosarcoma/pathology
- Sarcoma, Ewing/genetics
- Sarcoma, Ewing/metabolism
- Sarcoma, Ewing/pathology
- Testicular Neoplasms/genetics
- Testicular Neoplasms/metabolism
- Testicular Neoplasms/pathology
- Transcription Factors/biosynthesis
- Transcription Factors/genetics
- WT1 Proteins
- Wilms Tumor/genetics
- Wilms Tumor/metabolism
- Wilms Tumor/pathology
- Zinc Fingers
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Affiliation(s)
- P Thorner
- Department of Pediatric Laboratory Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Abstract
AIM Alveolar soft part sarcoma is a very rare tumour. Nine cases are reviewed in order to identify new aspects of this tumour. METHODS AND RESULTS The clinical course, histological, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural features of nine cases of alveolar soft part sarcoma were reviewed. Proliferative activity and p53 protein accumulation were assessed immunohistochemically. The patients were aged between 18 and 70 years. In the cases with sufficient follow-up, survival was variable with two patients dying within 5 months and four alive at 4 years. Histologically all tumours had an alveolar component but one case also had a spindle component and another case had a pseudoglandular pattern. Six cases showed desmin immunoreactivity, one was muscle-specific actin positive, two were positive for S100 protein and three were positive for vimentin. MIB-1 immunostaining was seen in up to 35% of cells. Two cases showed p53 protein accumulation. CONCLUSIONS There appeared to be no correlation between short term survival (4 years or less) and clinical presentation, adjuvant treatment, tumour size, histological grade, vascular invasion by tumour, proliferative index, or p53 protein accumulation. Although unusual, spindle cell or pseudoglandular components can be seen in alveolar soft part sarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Jong
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Jong R, Fishell E, Little L, Lockwood G, Boyd NF. Mammographic signs of potential relevance to breast cancer risk: the agreement of radiologists' classification. Eur J Cancer Prev 1996; 5:281-6. [PMID: 8894565 DOI: 10.1097/00008469-199608000-00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
We have assessed the agreement of radiologists who quantitatively estimated the extent of various mammographic features of the breast. These features are of potential relevance to the estimation of the future risk of developing breast cancer. After preparation, in which various mammographic appearances and their classification were discussed and agreed upon, two radiologists, experienced in mammography, independently estimated the extent of various types of radiological density in 120 sets of mammograms, each comprised of two mediolateral and two craniocaudal views. The results showed a high level of agreement between the two radiologists in the classification of total mammographic densities (r = 0.89). For classification of specific types of density, agreement was best for homogeneous densities (r = 0.79), more intermediate for nodular densities (r = 0.71) and worst for linear densities (r = 0.48). These results show that radiologists can, with suitable preparation, identify total breast density, a mammographic sign relevant to a woman's risk of later developing breast cancer, with a high degree of agreement.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Jong
- Department of Radiology, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Boyd NF, Fishell E, Jong R, MacDonald JC, Sparrow RK, Simor IS, Kriukov V, Lockwood G, Tritchler D. Mammographic densities as a criterion for entry to a clinical trial of breast cancer prevention. Br J Cancer 1995; 72:476-9. [PMID: 7640235 PMCID: PMC2033973 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.1995.358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The most convincing evidence that a factor such as dietary fat is causally related to breast cancer would be obtained from a randomised controlled trial in which exposure to dietary fat intake was systematically varied. A limitation of randomised controlled trials of breast cancer prevention, however, is the large sample size required to detect plausible reductions in risk resulting from the intervention. We describe here experience over a period of 9 years with the use of one risk factor for breast cancer as a criterion for entry to a clinical trial of breast cancer prevention. The risk factor used was the presence of extensive densities in the breast tissue on mammography, which has been found by several investigators to be strongly associated with risk of breast cancer. Using this criterion for selection, 1800 subjects of mean age 46 years were enrolled between 1982 and 1986, and again between 1988 and the present. Throughout this period, the point estimate of annual invasive cancer incidence was approximately 6 per 1000 per year. The observed cancer incidence has been consistently 4-5 times the incidence expected from age-specific breast cancer incidence data for women living in Ontario. These data show that the selection of subjects for a clinical trial of breast cancer prevention using the criterion of extensive breast parenchymal densities does identify a group at substantially increased risk of breast cancer. Use of this criterion for the selection of subjects can substantially reduce the sample size required for a clinical trial of a preventive strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- N F Boyd
- Division of Epidemiology and Statistics, Ontario Cancer Institute, Toronto, Canada
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Simor IS, Jong R. Mammography in screening for breast cancer. CMAJ 1986; 135:268-9. [PMID: 3730985 PMCID: PMC1491448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
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Baines CJ, Miller AB, Wall C, McFarlane DV, Simor IS, Jong R, Shapiro BJ, Audet L, Petitclerc M, Ouimet-Oliva D. Sensitivity and specificity of first screen mammography in the Canadian National Breast Screening Study: a preliminary report from five centers. Radiology 1986; 160:295-8. [PMID: 3523590 DOI: 10.1148/radiology.160.2.3523590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Sensitivity and specificity of first screen mammography in a randomized screening trial at five centers are reported. A total of 23,101 women underwent mammography; in 139, breast cancer was detected at first screening; in 20, less than 12 months after first screening; and in 47, at second screening. All 206 cancer cases were histologically confirmed, and 174 were defined as being detectable at first screening. Average length of follow-up for all women was 3.2 years. Interpretations of first screen mammograms by the center radiologists were matched to known outcomes. Simultaneous blind review was performed by a single reference radiologist with mammograms from all 206 cancer cases and those of a random sample of 739 women not known to have breast cancer at 15 months or more after initial screening. Overall, the five screening centers achieved a sensitivity of 69% (range, 60%-78%), a specificity of 94% (range, 93%-96%), a positive predictive value of 8.6% (range, 3%-16%), and a negative predictive value of 99.7% (range, 99.6%-99.9%).
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