1
|
Yang T, Magee KL, Colon-Perez LM, Larkin R, Liao YS, Balazic E, Cowart JR, Arocha R, Redler T, Febo M, Vickroy T, Martyniuk CJ, Reznikov LR, Zubcevic J. Impaired butyrate absorption in the proximal colon, low serum butyrate and diminished central effects of butyrate on blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2019; 226:e13256. [PMID: 30656835 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
AIM Butyrate is a major gut microbiota-derived metabolite. Reduced butyrate-producing bacteria has been reported in the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR), a model of hypertension characterized by dysfunctional autonomic nervous system and gut dysbiosis. Here, we demonstrate a potential mechanism for butyrate in blood pressure regulation. METHODS High-performance liquid chromatography and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry were performed to measure butyrate levels in feces and serum. Ussing chamber determined butyrate transport in colon ex vivo. Real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry evaluated expression of butyrate transporter, Slc5a8, in the colon. Mean arterial blood pressure was measured in catheterized anesthetized rats before and after a single butyrate intracerebroventricular injection. Activity of cardioregulatory brain regions was determined by functional magnetic resonance imaging to derive neural effects of butyrate. RESULTS In the SHR, we demonstrated elevated butyrate levels in cecal content, but diminished butyrate levels in circulation, possibly due to reduced expression of Slc5a8 transporter in the colon. In addition, we observed lower expression levels of butyrate-sensing receptors in the hypothalamus of SHR, likely leading to the reduced effects of centrally administered butyrate on blood pressure in the SHR. Functional magnetic resonance imaging revealed reduced activation of cardioregulatory brain regions following central administration of butyrate in the SHR compared to control. CONCLUSION We demonstrated a reduced availability of serum butyrate in the SHR, possibly due to diminished colonic absorption. Reduced expression of butyrate-sensing receptors in the SHR hypothalamus may explain the reduced central responsiveness to butyrate, indicating microbial butyrate may play a role in blood pressure regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Yang
- Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine; University of Florida; Gainesville Florida
| | - Kacy L. Magee
- Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine; University of Florida; Gainesville Florida
| | - Luis M. Colon-Perez
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine; University of Florida; Gainesville Florida
| | - Riley Larkin
- Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine; University of Florida; Gainesville Florida
| | - Yan-Shin Liao
- Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine; University of Florida; Gainesville Florida
| | - Eliza Balazic
- Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine; University of Florida; Gainesville Florida
| | - Jonathan R. Cowart
- Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine; University of Florida; Gainesville Florida
| | - Rebeca Arocha
- Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine; University of Florida; Gainesville Florida
| | - Ty Redler
- Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine; University of Florida; Gainesville Florida
| | - Marcelo Febo
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine; University of Florida; Gainesville Florida
| | - Thomas Vickroy
- Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine; University of Florida; Gainesville Florida
| | - Christopher J. Martyniuk
- Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine; University of Florida; Gainesville Florida
| | - Leah R. Reznikov
- Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine; University of Florida; Gainesville Florida
| | - Jasenka Zubcevic
- Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine; University of Florida; Gainesville Florida
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Bartley A, Yang T, Arocha R, Malphurs WL, Larkin R, Magee KL, Vickroy TW, Zubcevic J. Increased Abundance of Lactobacillales in the Colon of Beta-Adrenergic Receptor Knock Out Mouse Is Associated With Increased Gut Bacterial Production of Short Chain Fatty Acids and Reduced IL17 Expression in Circulating CD4 + Immune Cells. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1593. [PMID: 30483153 PMCID: PMC6242911 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests an associative link between gut dysbiosis, the autonomic nervous system (ANS) and the immune system in pathophysiology of neurogenic hypertension (HTN). However, the close interplay between these three systems presents us with difficulties in deciphering the cause-effect relationship in disease. The present study utilized beta 1 and 2 adrenergic receptor knock out (AdrB1tm1BkkAdrB2tm1Bkk/J KO) mice to isolate the effects of reduced overall sympathetic drive on gut microbiota and systemic immune system. We observed the following: (i) Diminished beta adrenergic signaling mainly reflects in shifts in the Firmicutes phyla, with a significant increase in abundance of largely beneficial Bacilli Lactobacillales in the KO mice; (ii) This was associated with increased colonic production of beneficial short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) butyrate, acetate and propionate, confirming functional microbiota shifts in the KO mice; (iii) Dampened systemic immune responses in the KO mice reflected in reduction on circulating CD4+.IL17+ T cells and increase in young neutrophils, both previously associated with shifts in the gut microbiota. Taken together, these observations demonstrate that reduced expression of beta adrenergic receptors may lead to beneficial shifts in the gut microbiota and dampened systemic immune responses. Considering the role of both in hypertension, this suggests that dietary intervention may be a viable option for manipulation of blood pressure via correcting gut dysbiosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akeem Bartley
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Tao Yang
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Rebeca Arocha
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Wendi L Malphurs
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Riley Larkin
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Kacy L Magee
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Thomas W Vickroy
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Jasenka Zubcevic
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Yang T, Silva CG, Malphurs WL, Arocha R, Zubcevic J. Hypertension‐associated dysbiosis leads to elevated sympathetic drive and alterations in neurotransmitter signaling in the nucleus of the solitary tract in WKY. FASEB J 2018. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2018.32.1_supplement.924.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Yang
- University of FloridaGainesvilleFL
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
YANG T, Magee K, Arocha R, Vickroy T, Zubcevic J. Abstract P394: Reduced Serum Butyrate Is Associated With Dampened Central Effects Of Butyrate On Blood Pressure In The Shr. Hypertension 2017. [DOI: 10.1161/hyp.70.suppl_1.p394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Introduction:
The link between gut dysbiosis and hypertension is characterized by a significant reduction in butyrate-producing bacteria in the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) compared with its Wistar Kyoto (WKY) control. Butyrate, a major end-product of gut microbiota fermentation, has beneficial effects in multiple dysbiosis-related diseases. Here, we investigated the link between serum butyrate levels and central effects of butyrate in regulation of blood pressure (BP) in WKY and SHR.
Methods:
Serum samples were collected from 12 weeks old male WKY and SHR, and butyrate quantification was performed using LC-MS. Quantitative real time PCR was employed to measure relative expression levels of butyrate sensing receptors (Gpr41, Gpr43) in the hypothalamus of SHR and WKY. Central effects of butyrate on BP were evaluated by acute ICV injection in anaesthetized WKY and SHR.
Results:
Significantly lower levels of serum butyrate were observed in the SHR (WKY 1.23±0.14μmol/L vs SHR 0.23±0.033μmol/L, N=4, P=0.0005). Moreover, lower expression of Gpr43 were observed in the hypothalamus of SHR (WKY 0.0002 ± 2.7e-005 vs SHR 6.9e-005 ± 1.9e-005, N=4/3, P=0.0152). ICV administration of butyrate reduced BP in both strains; however, the reduction in arterial BP was greater in the WKY at two time points (400s post-injection: WKY -5.83±0.49mmHg vs SHR -2.62±0.63mmHg, N=4, P=0.0235; 1000s post-injection: WKY -19.7±1.85mmHg vs SHR -13.26±1.1mmHg, N=3, P=0.05).
Conclusion:
Reduced serum butyrate is associated with reduced sensitivity to central butyrate. This may contribute to elevation in BP in the SHR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tao YANG
- UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA, Gainesville, FL
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zubcevic J, Santisteban MM, Perez PD, Arocha R, Hiller H, Malphurs WL, Colon-Perez LM, Sharma RK, de Kloet A, Krause EG, Febo M, Raizada MK. A Single Angiotensin II Hypertensive Stimulus Is Associated with Prolonged Neuronal and Immune System Activation in Wistar-Kyoto Rats. Front Physiol 2017; 8:592. [PMID: 28912720 PMCID: PMC5583219 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of autonomic neural pathways by chronic hypertensive stimuli plays a significant role in pathogenesis of hypertension. Here, we proposed that even a single acute hypertensive stimulus will activate neural and immune pathways that may be important in initiation of memory imprinting seen in chronic hypertension. We investigated the effects of acute angiotensin II (Ang II) administration on blood pressure, neural activation in cardioregulatory brain regions, and central and systemic immune responses, at 1 and 24 h post-injection. Administration of a single bolus intra-peritoneal (I.P.) injection of Ang II (36 μg/kg) resulted in a transient increase in the mean arterial pressure (MAP) (by 22 ± 4 mmHg vs saline), which returned to baseline within 1 h. However, in contrast to MAP, neuronal activity, as measured by manganese-enhanced magnetic resonance (MEMRI), remained elevated in several cardioregulatory brain regions over 24 h. The increase was predominant in autonomic regions, such as the subfornical organ (SFO; ~20%), paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN; ~20%) and rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM; ~900%), among others. Similarly, systemic and central immune responses, as evidenced by circulating levels of CD4+/IL17+ T cells, and increased IL17 levels and activation of microglia in the PVN, respectively, remained elevated at 24 h following Ang II challenge. Elevated Fos expression in the PVN was also present at 24 h (by 73 ± 11%) following Ang II compared to control saline injections, confirming persistent activation of PVN. Thus, even a single Ang II hypertensive stimulus will initiate changes in neuronal and immune cells that play a role in the developing hypertensive phenotype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jasenka Zubcevic
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of FloridaGainesville, FL, United States
| | - Monica M Santisteban
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, College of Medicine, University of FloridaGainesville, FL, United States
| | - Pablo D Perez
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of FloridaGainesville, FL, United States
| | - Rebeca Arocha
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of FloridaGainesville, FL, United States
| | - Helmut Hiller
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, College of Medicine, University of FloridaGainesville, FL, United States
| | - Wendi L Malphurs
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of FloridaGainesville, FL, United States
| | - Luis M Colon-Perez
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of FloridaGainesville, FL, United States
| | - Ravindra K Sharma
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, College of Medicine, University of FloridaGainesville, FL, United States
| | - Annette de Kloet
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, College of Medicine, University of FloridaGainesville, FL, United States
| | - Eric G Krause
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, College of Medicine, University of FloridaGainesville, FL, United States
| | - Marcelo Febo
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of FloridaGainesville, FL, United States
| | - Mohan K Raizada
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, College of Medicine, University of FloridaGainesville, FL, United States
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Yang T, Redler T, Bueno Silva CG, Arocha R, Schmidt J, Martyniuk C, Zubcevic J. Abstract 131: Anti-inflammatory and Mitochondrial Effects of Butyrate in Shr Astrocytes
in vitro. Circ Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1161/res.121.suppl_1.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Emerging evidence demonstrates a significant link between gut dysbiosis and hypertension (HTN). Butyrate is one of the major fermented end-products of gut microbiota that reportedly produces beneficial effects on the immune system and metabolism. A contraction in butyrate-producing bacteria in the gut of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) suggests that reduced butyrate may be associated with HTN. Considering its role in mitochondrial metabolism, we proposed that the positive anti-inflammatory effects of butyrate may be mediated via improvement in mitochondrial function in astrocytes.
Methods:
Sprague Dawley (SD) and SHR primary astrocytes from two-day old pups were cultured in DMEM, supplemented with 10% FBS and 1% pen/strep, for 14 days, prior to treatment with butyrate (0-1mM) for 4 hours. Cells were then subjected to the Seahorse XFe24 Extracellular Flux Analyzer to evaluate mitochondrial function following butyrate treatment. Additional samples were collected for total RNA isolation for real time PCR analysis of inflammatory factors and transcripts related to mitochondrial function and stress.
Results:
Butyrate significantly increased both basal and maximal mitochondrial respiration (by 3-4 fold, P<0.001) and elevated proton leak (by 4 fold, P<0.01) in astrocytes from SD rats but not SHR. Furthermore, we observed a trend for an increase in both ATP-linked and non-mitochondrial respiration in SD astrocytes compared to SHR (by 2-3 fold, P=0.07). This was associated with a significant reduction in relative expression levels in catalase (by 50%, P<0.05) and a trend in reduction in Sod1 and Sod2 (by 25%-50%, P=0.1) in astrocytes harvested from SD rats but not the SHR. Conversely, butyrate significantly lowered expression of pro-inflammatory
Ccl2
(by 33%, P<0.05) and
Tlr4
(by 48%, P <0.05) in astrocytes of SHR, but not SD rats.
Conclusion:
Butyrate modulated mitochondrial bioenergetics in SD but not the SHR, suggesting that the mitochondria of astrocytes may be less sensitive to the effects of butyrate in HTN. In addition, butyrate reduced inflammatory mediators in the SHR, but had no effect in the SD rat astrocytes. Thus, central anti-inflammatory effects of butyrate may be mediated via a mitochondria-independent mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Yang
- Univ of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Yang T, Ahmari N, Schmidt JT, Redler T, Arocha R, Pacholec K, Magee KL, Malphurs W, Owen JL, Krane GA, Li E, Wang GP, Vickroy TW, Raizada MK, Martyniuk CJ, Zubcevic J. Shifts in the Gut Microbiota Composition Due to Depleted Bone Marrow Beta Adrenergic Signaling Are Associated with Suppressed Inflammatory Transcriptional Networks in the Mouse Colon. Front Physiol 2017; 8:220. [PMID: 28446880 PMCID: PMC5388758 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The brain-gut axis plays a critical role in the regulation of different diseases, many of which are characterized by sympathetic dysregulation. However, a direct link between sympathetic dysregulation and gut dysbiosis remains to be illustrated. Bone marrow (BM)-derived immune cells continuously interact with the gut microbiota to maintain homeostasis in the host. Their function is largely dependent upon the sympathetic nervous system acting via adrenergic receptors present on the BM immune cells. In this study, we utilized a novel chimera mouse that lacks the expression of BM beta1/2 adrenergic receptors (b1/2-ARs) to investigate the role of the sympathetic drive to the BM in gut and microbiota homeostasis. Fecal analyses demonstrated a shift from a dominance of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes phylum in the b1/2-ARs KO chimera, resulting in a reduction in Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio. Meanwhile, a significant reduction in Proteobacteria phylum was determined. No changes in the abundance of acetate-, butyrate-, and lactate-producing bacteria, and colon pathology were observed in the b1/2-ARs KO chimera. Transcriptomic profiling in colon identified Killer Cell Lectin-Like Receptor Subfamily D, Member 1 (Klrd1), Membrane-Spanning 4-Domains Subfamily A Member 4A (Ms4a4b), and Casein Kinase 2 Alpha Prime Polypeptide (Csnk2a2) as main transcripts associated with the microbiota shifts in the b1/2-ARs KO chimera. Suppression of leukocyte-related transcriptome networks (i.e., function, differentiation, migration), classical compliment pathway, and networks associated with intestinal function, barrier integrity, and excretion was also observed in the colon of the KO chimera. Moreover, reduced expression of transcriptional networks related to intestinal diseases (i.e., ileitis, enteritis, inflammatory lesions, and stress) was noted. The observed suppressed transcriptome networks were associated with a reduction in NK cells, macrophages, and CD4+ T cells in the b1/2-ARs KO chimera colon. Thus, sympathetic regulation of BM-derived immune cells plays a significant role in modifying inflammatory networks in the colon and the gut microbiota composition. To our knowledge, this study is the first to suggest a key role of BM b1/2-ARs signaling in host-microbiota interactions, and reveals specific molecular mechanisms that may lead to generation of novel anti-inflammatory treatments for many immune and autonomic diseases as well as gut dysbiosis across the board.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Yang
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida (UF)Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Niousha Ahmari
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida (UF)Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Jordan T Schmidt
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida (UF)Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Ty Redler
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida (UF)Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Rebeca Arocha
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida (UF)Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Kevin Pacholec
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida (UF)Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Kacy L Magee
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida (UF)Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Wendi Malphurs
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida (UF)Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Jennifer L Owen
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida (UF)Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Gregory A Krane
- Cellular and Molecular Pathology Branch, National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle ParkDurham, NC, USA
| | - Eric Li
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of FloridaGainesville, FL, USA
| | - Gary P Wang
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of FloridaGainesville, FL, USA
| | - Thomas W Vickroy
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida (UF)Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Mohan K Raizada
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, College of Medicine, University of FloridaGainesville, FL, USA
| | - Christopher J Martyniuk
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida (UF)Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Jasenka Zubcevic
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida (UF)Gainesville, FL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Arocha R, Pérez Machado L, Hamana N. [Alcoholic liver disease in Venezuela. Clinical hepato-functional and histopathologic course]. G E N 1990; 44:15-20. [PMID: 2152250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
24 patients with alcoholic intake were classified according to the amount of alcohol ingestion; clinical symptoms and signs, liver function tests (bilirubin, aminotransferases and prothrombin time) were analyzed. In all patients a percutaneous liver biopsy was performed and tissue stained by hematoxylin-eosin, wilder reticulin and Mallory trichromic. 9 Histologic criteria were analyzed. 4 groups according to the histology were identified. Group 1 (5 patients) hepatic fibrosis and/or fatty liver. Group 2 (5 patients) alcoholic hepatitis. Group 3 (10 patients) cirrhosis. Group 4 (4 patients) normal. 20% of patients with fatty liver, 80% of alcoholic hepatitis and 100% of cirrhotics referred ingestion or more than 160 g of ethanol and important correlation between liver histological damage and alcohol ingestion. Telangiectasia was the most common clinical finding and present in all hepatitis, 70% of cirrhotics and only 20% of fatty livers. Hemosiderosis was found in 60% of cirrhotics and in alcoholic hepatitis. Only 40% of patients with fatty liver and inflammatory cells while this was evident in all patients with alcoholic hepatitis and those with cirrhosis. Mallory bodies were identified in only 20% of cirrhotics and in none of the alcoholic hepatitis. The results suggest that there are significant differences from a histological and clinical point of view that distinguish alcoholic liver disease as seen in Venezuela from that reported in other countries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Arocha
- Servicio de Gastroenterología, Hospital Dr. Ildemaro Salas, IVSS, Caracas
| | | | | |
Collapse
|