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Gupta T, LaGatta M, Helms S, Pavlicek RL, Owino SO, Sakamoto K, Nagy T, Harvey SB, Papania M, Ledden S, Schultz KT, McCombs C, Quinn FD, Karls RK. Evaluation of a temperature-restricted, mucosal tuberculosis vaccine in guinea pigs. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2018; 113:179-188. [PMID: 30514501 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2018.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is currently the leading cause of death in humans by a single infectious agent, Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine prevents pulmonary TB with variable efficacy, but can cause life-threatening systemic infection in HIV-infected infants. In this study, TBvac85, a derivative of Mycobacterium shottsii expressing M. tuberculosis Antigen 85B, was examined as a safer alternative to BCG. Intranasal vaccination of guinea pigs with TBvac85, a naturally temperature-restricted species, resulted in serum Ag85B-specific IgG antibodies. Delivery of the vaccine by this route also induced protection equivalent to intradermal BCG based on organ bacterial burdens and lung pathology six weeks after aerosol challenge with M. tuberculosis strain Erdman. These results support the potential of TBvac85 as the basis of an effective TB vaccine. Next-generation derivatives expressing multiple M. tuberculosis immunogens are in development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuhina Gupta
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Monica LaGatta
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA; Pathens, Inc., Athens, GA, USA
| | - Shelly Helms
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Rebecca L Pavlicek
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Simon O Owino
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA; Pathens, Inc., Athens, GA, USA
| | - Kaori Sakamoto
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Tamas Nagy
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Stephen B Harvey
- Animal Resources Program, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA; Department of Population Heath, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Mark Papania
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Stephanie Ledden
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | | | | | - Frederick D Quinn
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA; Pathens, Inc., Athens, GA, USA
| | - Russell K Karls
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA; Pathens, Inc., Athens, GA, USA.
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GeurtsvanKessel CH, Islam Z, Islam MB, Kamga S, Papri N, van de Vijver DAMC, Reusken C, Mogling R, Heikema AP, Jahan I, Pradel FK, Pavlicek RL, Mohammad QD, Koopmans MPG, Jacobs BC, Endtz HP. Zika virus and Guillain-Barré syndrome in Bangladesh. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2018; 5:606-615. [PMID: 29761123 PMCID: PMC5945960 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Previous studies have associated Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS) with Zika virus (ZIKV) outbreaks in South America and Oceania. In Asia, ZIKV is known to circulate widely, but the association with Guillain–Barré syndrome is unclear. We investigated whether endemic ZIKV infection is associated with the development of GBS. Methods A prospective study was conducted from 2011 to 2015 in Bangladesh. A total of 418 patients and 418 healthy family controls were included in the study. Patients were diagnosed with GBS prior to inclusion according to established criteria. Detailed information on the epidemiology, clinical presentation, electrophysiology, diagnosis, disease severity, and clinical course were obtained during a follow‐up of 1 year using a predefined protocol. Results ZIKV‐neutralizing antibodies were detected in our study from 2013 onwards. The prevalence of ZIKV‐neutralizing antibodies was not significantly higher in patients with GBS compared to healthy controls (OR 2.23, P = 0.14, 95% CI 0.77–6.53). Serological evidence for prior ZIKV infection in patients with GBS was associated with more frequent cranial, sensory, and autonomic nerve involvement compared to GBS patients with Campylobacter jejuni, the predominant preceding infection in GBS worldwide. Nerve‐conduction studies revealed that ZIKV antibodies were associated with a demyelinating subtype of GBS, while C. jejuni infections were related to an axonal subtype. Interpretation No significant association was found between ZIKV infection and GBS in Bangladesh, but GBS following ZIKV infection was characterized by a distinct clinical and electrophysiological subtype compared to C. jejuni infection. These findings indicate that ZIKV may precede a specific GBS subtype but the risk is low.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zhahirul Islam
- Laboratory Sciences and Services Division International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, (icddr,b) Dhaka Bangladesh
| | - Md Badrul Islam
- Laboratory Sciences and Services Division International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, (icddr,b) Dhaka Bangladesh.,Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam The Netherlands
| | - Sandra Kamga
- Department of Viroscience Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam The Netherlands
| | - Nowshin Papri
- Laboratory Sciences and Services Division International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, (icddr,b) Dhaka Bangladesh
| | | | - Chantal Reusken
- Department of Viroscience Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam The Netherlands
| | - Ramona Mogling
- Department of Viroscience Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam The Netherlands
| | - Astrid P Heikema
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam The Netherlands
| | - Israt Jahan
- Laboratory Sciences and Services Division International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, (icddr,b) Dhaka Bangladesh
| | | | | | - Quazi D Mohammad
- National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital Dhaka Bangladesh
| | | | - Bart C Jacobs
- Departments of Neurology and Immunology Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam The Netherlands
| | - Hubert P Endtz
- Laboratory Sciences and Services Division International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, (icddr,b) Dhaka Bangladesh.,Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam The Netherlands.,Fondation Mérieux Lyon France
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Abstract
Current clinical methodology for identification of bacterial infections relies predominantly on culturing microbes from patient material and performing biochemical tests. This can often be an inefficient and lengthy process, which has a significant detrimental effect upon patient care. Techniques used in other aspects of molecular research have the potential to revolutionize the way in which diagnostic tests are used and delivered in the clinical setting. The need for rapid, accurate, and cost-effective molecular techniques in the diagnostic laboratory is imperative to improving patient care, preventing the spread of drug resistance and decreasing the overall burden associated with nosocomial infections. Raman spectroscopy and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) are powerful vibrational spectroscopy techniques that are being developed for highly sensitive pathogen identification in complex clinical samples. Raman spectroscopy is a molecular technique that is capable of probing samples noninvasively and nondestructively. It has been used with high specificity to assess tissue and bacterial samples at the molecular level with diverse clinical and diagnostic applications. SERS has recently developed out of the advances in the Raman spectroscopy arena. This technique is designed to amplify Raman scattering and allows for better differentiation of bacterial isolates. Although the current parameters for the use of SERS require a pure culture and are relatively monoparametric, current breakthroughs and testing are pushing the technology to new levels and thus changing the face of modern bacterial diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicole J Crane
- The Department of Surgery at Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences & The Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Meron Ghebremedhin
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Katherine E Cilwa
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Eric A Elster
- The Department of Surgery at Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences & The Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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Pavlicek RL, Fine-Coulson K, Gupta T, Quinn FD, Posey JE, Willby M, Castro-Garza J, Karls RK. Rv3351c, a Mycobacterium tuberculosis gene that affects bacterial growth and alveolar epithelial cell viability. Can J Microbiol 2015; 61:938-47. [PMID: 26492080 DOI: 10.1139/cjm-2015-0528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Despite the interactions known to occur between various lower respiratory tract pathogens and alveolar epithelial cells (AECs), few reports examine factors influencing the interplay between Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacilli and AECs during infection. Importantly, in vitro studies have demonstrated that the M. tuberculosis hbha and esxA gene products HBHA and ESAT6 directly or indirectly influence AEC survival. In this report, we identify Rv3351c as another M. tuberculosis gene that impacts the fate of both the pathogen and AEC host. Intracellular replication of an Rv3351c mutant in the human AEC type II pneumocyte cell line A549 was markedly reduced relative to the complemented mutant and parent strain. Deletion of Rv3351c diminished the release of lactate dehydrogenase and decreased uptake of trypan blue vital stain by host cells infected with M. tuberculosis bacilli, suggesting attenuated cytotoxic effects. Interestingly, an isogenic hbha mutant displayed reductions in AEC killing similar to those observed for the Rv3351c mutant. This opens the possibility that multiple M. tuberculosis gene products interact with AECs. We also observed that Rv3351c aids intracellular replication and survival of M. tuberculosis in macrophages. This places Rv3351c in the same standing as HBHA and ESAT6, which are important factors in AECs and macrophages. Defining the mechanism(s) by which Rv3351c functions to aid pathogen survival within the host may lead to new drug or vaccine targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L Pavlicek
- a Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, 220 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Kari Fine-Coulson
- a Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, 220 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Tuhina Gupta
- a Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, 220 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Frederick D Quinn
- a Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, 220 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - James E Posey
- b Mycobacteriology Laboratory Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
| | - Melisa Willby
- b Mycobacteriology Laboratory Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
| | - Jorge Castro-Garza
- c Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Noreste, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Monterrey, N.L. 64720, Mexico
| | - Russell K Karls
- a Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, 220 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602, USA
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Pavey GJ, Qureshi AT, Hope DN, Pavlicek RL, Potter BK, Forsberg JA, Davis TA. Bioburden Increases Heterotopic Ossification Formation in an Established Rat Model. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2015; 473:2840-7. [PMID: 25822455 PMCID: PMC4523512 DOI: 10.1007/s11999-015-4272-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heterotopic ossification (HO) develops in a majority of combat-related amputations wherein early bacterial colonization has been considered a potential early risk factor. Our group has recently developed a small animal model of trauma-induced HO that incorporates many of the multifaceted injury patterns of combat trauma in the absence of bacterial contamination and subsequent wound colonization. QUESTIONS/PURPOSES We sought to determine if (1) the presence of bioburden (Acinetobacter baumannii and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus [MRSA]) increases the magnitude of ectopic bone formation in traumatized muscle after amputation; and (2) what persistent effects bacterial contamination has on late microbial flora within the amputation site. METHODS Using a blast-related HO model, we exposed 48 rats to blast overpressure, femur fracture, crush injury, and subsequent immediate transfemoral amputation through the zone of injury. Control injured rats (n = 8) were inoculated beneath the myodesis with phosphate-buffered saline not containing bacteria (vehicle) and treatment rats were inoculated with 1 × 10(6) colony-forming units of A baumannii (n = 20) or MRSA (n = 20). All animals formed HO. Heterotopic ossification was determined by quantitative volumetric measurements of ectopic bone at 12-weeks postinjury using micro-CT and qualitative histomorphometry for assessment of new bone formation in the residual limb. Bone marrow and muscle tissue biopsies were collected from the residual limb at 12 weeks to quantitatively measure the bioburden load and to qualitatively determine the species-level identification of the bacterial flora. RESULTS At 12 weeks, we observed a greater volume of HO in rats infected with MRSA (68.9 ± 8.6 mm(3); 95% confidence interval [CI], 50.52-85.55) when compared with A baumannii (20.9 ± 3.7 mm(3); 95% CI, 13.61-28.14; p < 0.001) or vehicle (16.3 ± 3.2 mm(3); 95% CI, 10.06-22.47; p < 0.001). Soft tissue and marrow from the residual limb of rats inoculated with A baumannii tested negative for A baumannii infection but were positive for other strains of bacteria (1.33 × 10(2) ± 0.89 × 10(2); 95% CI, -0.42 × 10(2)-3.08 × 10(2) and 1.25 × 10(6) ± 0.69 × 10(6); 95% CI, -0.13 × 10(6)-2.60 × 10(6) colony-forming units in bone marrow and muscle tissue, respectively), whereas tissue from MRSA-infected rats contained MRSA only (4.84 × 10(1) ± 3.22 × 10(1); 95% CI, -1.47 × 10(1)-11.1 × 10(1) and 2.80 × 10(7) ± 1.73 × 10(7); 95% CI, -0.60 × 10(7)-6.20 × 10(7) in bone marrow and muscle tissue, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate that persistent infection with MRSA results in a greater volume of ectopic bone formation, which may be the result of chronic soft tissue inflammation, and that early wound colonization may be a key risk factor. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Interventions that mitigate wound contamination and inflammation (such as early débridement, systemic and local antibiotics) may also have a beneficial effect with regard to the mitigation of HO formation and should be evaluated with that potential in mind in future preclinical studies.
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MESH Headings
- Acinetobacter baumannii/pathogenicity
- Amputation, Surgical
- Animals
- Bacterial Load
- Biopsy
- Blast Injuries/complications
- Colony Count, Microbial
- Disease Models, Animal
- Femoral Fractures/complications
- Male
- Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus/pathogenicity
- Muscle, Skeletal/diagnostic imaging
- Muscle, Skeletal/injuries
- Muscle, Skeletal/microbiology
- Muscle, Skeletal/pathology
- Ossification, Heterotopic/diagnosis
- Ossification, Heterotopic/microbiology
- Osteogenesis
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Risk Factors
- Staphylococcal Infections/diagnosis
- Staphylococcal Infections/microbiology
- Time Factors
- Wound Infection/diagnosis
- Wound Infection/microbiology
- X-Ray Microtomography
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel J. Pavey
- />Regenerative Medicine Department, Naval Medical Research Center, 503 Robert Grant Avenue, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA
- />Department of Orthopaedics, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Ammar T. Qureshi
- />Regenerative Medicine Department, Naval Medical Research Center, 503 Robert Grant Avenue, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA
| | - Donald N. Hope
- />Regenerative Medicine Department, Naval Medical Research Center, 503 Robert Grant Avenue, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA
- />Department of Orthopaedics, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Rebecca L. Pavlicek
- />Department of Wound Infections, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, MD USA
| | - Benjamin K. Potter
- />Regenerative Medicine Department, Naval Medical Research Center, 503 Robert Grant Avenue, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA
- />Department of Orthopaedics, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD USA
- />Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Jonathan A. Forsberg
- />Regenerative Medicine Department, Naval Medical Research Center, 503 Robert Grant Avenue, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA
- />Department of Orthopaedics, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD USA
- />Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Thomas A. Davis
- />Regenerative Medicine Department, Naval Medical Research Center, 503 Robert Grant Avenue, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA
- />Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD USA
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Wieczorek AE, Troudt JL, Knabenbauer P, Taylor J, Pavlicek RL, Karls R, Hess A, Davidson RM, Strong M, Bielefeldt-Ohmann H, Izzo AA, Dobos KM. HspX vaccination and role in virulence in the guinea pig model of tuberculosis. Pathog Dis 2014; 71:315-25. [PMID: 24616427 DOI: 10.1111/2049-632x.12147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2013] [Revised: 12/13/2013] [Accepted: 01/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) currently infects billions of people; many of whom are latently infection and at risk for reactivation. Mycobacterium bovis Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) while approved as a vaccine, is unable to prevent reactivation of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI). Subunit vaccines boosting BCG or given alone are being tested for efficacy in LTBI models. Alpha-crystallin (Acr, HspX), is a latency associated protein and subunit vaccine candidate. In this report, three HspX formulas (native and two recombinant variants) were used as vaccines in the guinea pig model of tuberculosis; none were protective during challenge with WT Mtb. However, recombinant HspX was protective in animals challenged with a strain of Mtb lacking hspX (X4-19), indicating protection was driven by molecules co-purifying with HspX or an adjuvant effect of recombinant HspX in this system. Mtb X4-19 was significantly less virulent than WT Mtb. Quantitative PCR and whole genome sequencing identified several genes (Rv2030c-Rv2032, Rv1062, Rv1771, Rv1907, and Rv3479) with altered expression that may contribute to loss of virulence. Physiological differences required for the establishment of Mtb infection in different hosts may affect the potential of subunit vaccines to elicit protection, supporting the need for rigorous biochemical and modeling analyses when developing tuberculosis vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agatha E Wieczorek
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
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