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Carvalho APS, Owens HL, St Laurent RA, Earl C, Dexter KM, Messcher RL, Willmott KR, Aduse-Poku K, Collins SC, Homziak NT, Hoshizaki S, Hsu YF, Kizhakke AG, Kunte K, Martins DJ, Mega NO, Morinaka S, Peggie D, Romanowski HP, Sáfián S, Vila R, Wang H, Braby MF, Espeland M, Breinholt JW, Pierce NE, Kawahara AY, Lohman DJ. Comprehensive phylogeny of Pieridae butterflies reveals strong correlation between diversification and temperature. iScience 2024; 27:109336. [PMID: 38500827 PMCID: PMC10945170 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Temperature is thought to be a key factor influencing global species richness patterns. We investigate the link between temperature and diversification in the butterfly family Pieridae by combining next generation DNA sequences and published molecular data with fine-grained distribution data. We sampled nearly 600 pierid butterfly species to infer the most comprehensive molecular phylogeny of the family and curated a distribution dataset of more than 800,000 occurrences. We found strong evidence that species in environments with more stable daily temperatures or cooler maximum temperatures in the warm seasons have higher speciation rates. Furthermore, speciation and extinction rates decreased in tandem with global temperatures through geological time, resulting in a constant net diversification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula S. Carvalho
- McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, Florida Museum of Natural History, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Hannah L. Owens
- Center for Global Mountain Biodiversity, Globe Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Macroecology, Evolution, and Climate, Globe Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Ryan A. St Laurent
- McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, Florida Museum of Natural History, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Entomology, Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Chandra Earl
- Department of Natural Sciences, Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Kelly M. Dexter
- McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, Florida Museum of Natural History, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Rebeccah L. Messcher
- McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, Florida Museum of Natural History, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Keith R. Willmott
- McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, Florida Museum of Natural History, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | | | | | - Nicholas T. Homziak
- McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, Florida Museum of Natural History, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Sugihiko Hoshizaki
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Biology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yu-Feng Hsu
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Athulya G. Kizhakke
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, GKVK Campus, Bengaluru, India
| | - Krushnamegh Kunte
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, GKVK Campus, Bengaluru, India
| | - Dino J. Martins
- Turkana Basin Institute, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
- Insect Committee of Nature Kenya, The East Africa Natural History Society, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Nicolás O. Mega
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Sadaharu Morinaka
- Saitama Study Center, The Open University of Japan, Omiya-ku, Saitama City, Japan
| | - Djunijanti Peggie
- Museum Zoologi Bogor, Research Center for Biosystematics and Evolution, Research Organization for Life Sciences and Environment, National Research and Innovation Agency, Cibinong, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Helena P. Romanowski
- Laboratório de Ecologia de Insetos, Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Szabolcs Sáfián
- African Butterfly Research Institute, Karen, Nairobi, Kenya
- Institute of Silviculture and Forest Protection, University of Sopron, Sopron, Hungary
| | - Roger Vila
- Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (CSIC-Univ. Pompeu Fabra), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Houshuai Wang
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Michael F. Braby
- Division of Ecology and Evolution, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT, Australia
- Australian National Insect Collection, National Research Collections Australia, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Marianne Espeland
- Leibniz Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change, Museum Koenig, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jesse W. Breinholt
- McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, Florida Museum of Natural History, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Intermountain Healthcare, Intermountain Precision Genomics, St. George, UT, USA
| | - Naomi E. Pierce
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Akito Y. Kawahara
- McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, Florida Museum of Natural History, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - David J. Lohman
- Department of Biology, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
- PhD Program in Biology, Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
- Entomology Section, National Museum of Natural History, Manila, Philippines
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Shankar SN, Vass WB, Lednicky JA, Logan T, Messcher RL, Eiguren-Fernandez A, Amanatidis S, Sabo-Attwood T, Wu CY. The BioCascade-VIVAS system for collection and delivery of virus-laden size-fractionated airborne particles. J Aerosol Sci 2024; 175:106263. [PMID: 38680161 PMCID: PMC11044810 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaerosci.2023.106263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
The size of virus-laden particles determines whether aerosol or droplet transmission is dominant in the airborne transmission of pathogens. Determining dominant transmission pathways is critical to implementing effective exposure risk mitigation strategies. The aerobiology discipline greatly needs an air sampling system that can collect virus-laden airborne particles, separate them by particle diameter, and deliver them directly onto host cells without inactivating virus or killing cells. We report the use of a testing system that combines a BioAerosol Nebulizing Generator (BANG) to aerosolize Human coronavirus (HCoV)-OC43 (OC43) and an integrated air sampling system comprised of a BioCascade impactor (BC) and Viable Virus Aerosol Sampler (VIVAS), together referred to as BC-VIVAS, to deliver the aerosolized virus directly onto Vero E6 cells. Particles were collected into four stages according to their aerodynamic diameter (Stage 1: >9.43 μm, Stage 2: 3.81-9.43 μm, Stage 3: 1.41-3.81 μm and Stage 4: <1.41 μm). OC43 was detected by reverse-transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) analyses of samples from all BC-VIVAS stages. The calculated OC43 genome equivalent counts per cm3 of air ranged from 0.34±0.09 to 70.28±12.56, with the highest concentrations in stage 3 (1.41-3.81 μm) and stage 4 (<1.41 μm). Virus-induced cytopathic effects appeared only in cells exposed to particles collected in stages 3 and 4, demonstrating the presence of viable OC43 in particles <3.81 μm. This study demonstrates the dual utility of the BC-VIVAS as particle size-fractionating air sampler and a direct exposure system for aerosolized viruses. Such utility may help minimize conventional post-collection sample processing time required to assess the viability of airborne viruses and increase the understanding about transmission pathways for airborne pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sripriya Nannu Shankar
- Department of Environmental Engineering Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - William B. Vass
- Department of Environmental Engineering Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - John A. Lednicky
- Department of Environmental and Global Health, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Tracey Logan
- Department of Environmental and Global Health, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Rebeccah L. Messcher
- Department of Environmental and Global Health, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | | | | | - Tara Sabo-Attwood
- Department of Environmental and Global Health, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Chang-Yu Wu
- Department of Environmental Engineering Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
- Department of Chemical, Environmental, and Materials Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA
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Rainey AL, Buschang K, O’Connor A, Love D, Wormington AM, Messcher RL, Loeb JC, Robinson SE, Ponder H, Waldo S, Williams R, Shapiro J, McAlister EB, Lauzardo M, Lednicky JA, Maurelli AT, Sabo-Attwood T, Bisesi J. Retrospective Analysis of Wastewater-Based Epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 in Residences on a Large College Campus: Relationships between Wastewater Outcomes and COVID-19 Cases across Two Semesters with Different COVID-19 Mitigation Policies. ACS ES T Water 2023; 3:16-29. [PMID: 37552720 PMCID: PMC9762499 DOI: 10.1021/acsestwater.2c00275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) has been utilized for outbreak monitoring and response efforts in university settings during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. However, few studies examined the impact of university policies on the effectiveness of WBE to identify cases and mitigate transmission. The objective of this study was to retrospectively assess relationships between severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) wastewater outcomes and COVID-19 cases in residential buildings of a large university campus across two academic semesters (August 2020-May 2021) under different COVID-19 mitigation policies. Clinical case surveillance data of student residents were obtained from the university COVID-19 response program. We collected and processed building-level wastewater for detection and quantification of SARS-CoV-2 RNA by RT-qPCR. The odds of obtaining a positive wastewater sample increased with COVID-19 clinical cases in the fall semester (OR = 1.50, P value = 0.02), with higher odds in the spring semester (OR = 2.63, P value < 0.0001). We observed linear associations between SARS-CoV-2 wastewater concentrations and COVID-19 clinical cases (parameter estimate = 1.2, P value = 0.006). Our study demonstrated the effectiveness of WBE in the university setting, though it may be limited under different COVID-19 mitigation policies. As a complementary surveillance tool, WBE should be accompanied by robust administrative and clinical testing efforts for the COVID-19 pandemic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew L. Rainey
- Department of Environmental and Global Health, College
of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida,
Gainesville, Florida32610, United States
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University
of Florida, Gainesville, Florida32610, United
States
| | - Katherine Buschang
- Department of Environmental and Global Health, College
of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida,
Gainesville, Florida32610, United States
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University
of Florida, Gainesville, Florida32610, United
States
- Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology,
University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida32611,
United States
| | - Amber O’Connor
- Department of Environmental and Global Health, College
of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida,
Gainesville, Florida32610, United States
- Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology,
University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida32611,
United States
| | - Deirdre Love
- Department of Environmental and Global Health, College
of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida,
Gainesville, Florida32610, United States
- Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology,
University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida32611,
United States
| | - Alexis M. Wormington
- Department of Environmental and Global Health, College
of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida,
Gainesville, Florida32610, United States
- Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology,
University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida32611,
United States
| | - Rebeccah L. Messcher
- Department of Environmental and Global Health, College
of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida,
Gainesville, Florida32610, United States
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University
of Florida, Gainesville, Florida32610, United
States
| | - Julia C. Loeb
- Department of Environmental and Global Health, College
of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida,
Gainesville, Florida32610, United States
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University
of Florida, Gainesville, Florida32610, United
States
| | - Sarah E. Robinson
- Department of Environmental and Global Health, College
of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida,
Gainesville, Florida32610, United States
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University
of Florida, Gainesville, Florida32610, United
States
- Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology,
University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida32611,
United States
| | - Hunter Ponder
- UF Health Screen, Test, and Protect,
University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida32611,
United States
- Florida Department of
Health, Alachua County, Gainesville, Florida32641, United
States
| | - Sarah Waldo
- UF Health Screen, Test, and Protect,
University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida32611,
United States
- Florida Department of
Health, Alachua County, Gainesville, Florida32641, United
States
| | - Roy Williams
- UF Health Screen, Test, and Protect,
University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida32611,
United States
- Florida Department of
Health, Alachua County, Gainesville, Florida32641, United
States
| | - Jerne Shapiro
- UF Health Screen, Test, and Protect,
University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida32611,
United States
- Florida Department of
Health, Alachua County, Gainesville, Florida32641, United
States
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public
Health and Health Professions and College of Medicine, Gainesville,
Florida32611, United States
| | | | - Michael Lauzardo
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University
of Florida, Gainesville, Florida32610, United
States
- UF Health Screen, Test, and Protect,
University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida32611,
United States
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine,
University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida32611,
United States
| | - John A. Lednicky
- Department of Environmental and Global Health, College
of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida,
Gainesville, Florida32610, United States
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University
of Florida, Gainesville, Florida32610, United
States
| | - Anthony T. Maurelli
- Department of Environmental and Global Health, College
of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida,
Gainesville, Florida32610, United States
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University
of Florida, Gainesville, Florida32610, United
States
| | - Tara Sabo-Attwood
- Department of Environmental and Global Health, College
of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida,
Gainesville, Florida32610, United States
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University
of Florida, Gainesville, Florida32610, United
States
- Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology,
University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida32611,
United States
| | - Joseph
H. Bisesi
- Department of Environmental and Global Health, College
of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida,
Gainesville, Florida32610, United States
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University
of Florida, Gainesville, Florida32610, United
States
- Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology,
University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida32611,
United States
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