|
2
|
Nagai M, Aoki H, Sakoda Y, Kozasa T, Tominaga-Teshima K, Mine J, Abe Y, Tamura T, Kobayashi T, Nishine K, Tateishi K, Suzuki Y, Fukuhara M, Ohmori K, Todaka R, Katayama K, Mizutani T, Nakamura S, Kida H, Shirai J. Molecular, biological, and antigenic characterization of a Border disease virus isolated from a pig during classical swine fever surveillance in Japan. J Vet Diagn Invest 2018; 26:547-552. [PMID: 25027496 DOI: 10.1177/1040638714541837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In the current study, molecular, biological, and antigenic analyses were performed to characterize Border disease virus (BDV) strain FNK2012-1 isolated from a pig in 2012 in Japan. The complete genome comprises 12,327 nucleotides (nt), including a large open reading frame of 11,685 nt. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that FNK2012-1 was clustered into BDV genotype 1 with ovine strains. FNK2012-1 grew in porcine, bovine, and ovine primary cells and cell lines, but grew better in bovine and ovine cells than in porcine cells. Specific pathogen-free pigs inoculated with FNK2012-1 did not show any clinical signs. Noninoculated contact control pigs also did not show clinical signs and did not seroconvert. The results suggest that FNK2012-1 may be of ruminant origin and is poorly adapted to pigs. Such observations can provide important insights into evidence for infection and transmission of BDV, which may be of ruminant origin, among pigs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Nagai
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture (Nagai, Tominaga-Teshima, Tateishi, Suzuki, Fukuhara, Ohmori, Mizutani, Shirai), Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan.,Research and Education Center for Prevention of Global Infectious Diseases of Animals (Nagai, Mizutani, Shirai), Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan.,School of Veterinary Nursing and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo, Japan (Aoki, Kobayashi, Nishine).,Department of Disease Control, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan (Sakoda, Mine, Abe, Tamura, Kida).,Food Safety and Consumer Affairs Bureau (Kozasa).,National Veterinary Assay Laboratory, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Tokyo, Japan (Kozasa, Nakamura).,Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan (Todaka, Katayama).,Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan (Kida)
| | - Hiroshi Aoki
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture (Nagai, Tominaga-Teshima, Tateishi, Suzuki, Fukuhara, Ohmori, Mizutani, Shirai), Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan.,Research and Education Center for Prevention of Global Infectious Diseases of Animals (Nagai, Mizutani, Shirai), Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan.,School of Veterinary Nursing and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo, Japan (Aoki, Kobayashi, Nishine).,Department of Disease Control, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan (Sakoda, Mine, Abe, Tamura, Kida).,Food Safety and Consumer Affairs Bureau (Kozasa).,National Veterinary Assay Laboratory, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Tokyo, Japan (Kozasa, Nakamura).,Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan (Todaka, Katayama).,Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan (Kida)
| | - Yoshihiro Sakoda
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture (Nagai, Tominaga-Teshima, Tateishi, Suzuki, Fukuhara, Ohmori, Mizutani, Shirai), Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan.,Research and Education Center for Prevention of Global Infectious Diseases of Animals (Nagai, Mizutani, Shirai), Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan.,School of Veterinary Nursing and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo, Japan (Aoki, Kobayashi, Nishine).,Department of Disease Control, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan (Sakoda, Mine, Abe, Tamura, Kida).,Food Safety and Consumer Affairs Bureau (Kozasa).,National Veterinary Assay Laboratory, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Tokyo, Japan (Kozasa, Nakamura).,Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan (Todaka, Katayama).,Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan (Kida)
| | - Takashi Kozasa
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture (Nagai, Tominaga-Teshima, Tateishi, Suzuki, Fukuhara, Ohmori, Mizutani, Shirai), Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan.,Research and Education Center for Prevention of Global Infectious Diseases of Animals (Nagai, Mizutani, Shirai), Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan.,School of Veterinary Nursing and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo, Japan (Aoki, Kobayashi, Nishine).,Department of Disease Control, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan (Sakoda, Mine, Abe, Tamura, Kida).,Food Safety and Consumer Affairs Bureau (Kozasa).,National Veterinary Assay Laboratory, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Tokyo, Japan (Kozasa, Nakamura).,Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan (Todaka, Katayama).,Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan (Kida)
| | - Kaho Tominaga-Teshima
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture (Nagai, Tominaga-Teshima, Tateishi, Suzuki, Fukuhara, Ohmori, Mizutani, Shirai), Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan.,Research and Education Center for Prevention of Global Infectious Diseases of Animals (Nagai, Mizutani, Shirai), Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan.,School of Veterinary Nursing and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo, Japan (Aoki, Kobayashi, Nishine).,Department of Disease Control, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan (Sakoda, Mine, Abe, Tamura, Kida).,Food Safety and Consumer Affairs Bureau (Kozasa).,National Veterinary Assay Laboratory, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Tokyo, Japan (Kozasa, Nakamura).,Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan (Todaka, Katayama).,Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan (Kida)
| | - Junki Mine
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture (Nagai, Tominaga-Teshima, Tateishi, Suzuki, Fukuhara, Ohmori, Mizutani, Shirai), Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan.,Research and Education Center for Prevention of Global Infectious Diseases of Animals (Nagai, Mizutani, Shirai), Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan.,School of Veterinary Nursing and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo, Japan (Aoki, Kobayashi, Nishine).,Department of Disease Control, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan (Sakoda, Mine, Abe, Tamura, Kida).,Food Safety and Consumer Affairs Bureau (Kozasa).,National Veterinary Assay Laboratory, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Tokyo, Japan (Kozasa, Nakamura).,Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan (Todaka, Katayama).,Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan (Kida)
| | - Yuri Abe
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture (Nagai, Tominaga-Teshima, Tateishi, Suzuki, Fukuhara, Ohmori, Mizutani, Shirai), Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan.,Research and Education Center for Prevention of Global Infectious Diseases of Animals (Nagai, Mizutani, Shirai), Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan.,School of Veterinary Nursing and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo, Japan (Aoki, Kobayashi, Nishine).,Department of Disease Control, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan (Sakoda, Mine, Abe, Tamura, Kida).,Food Safety and Consumer Affairs Bureau (Kozasa).,National Veterinary Assay Laboratory, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Tokyo, Japan (Kozasa, Nakamura).,Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan (Todaka, Katayama).,Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan (Kida)
| | - Tomokazu Tamura
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture (Nagai, Tominaga-Teshima, Tateishi, Suzuki, Fukuhara, Ohmori, Mizutani, Shirai), Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan.,Research and Education Center for Prevention of Global Infectious Diseases of Animals (Nagai, Mizutani, Shirai), Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan.,School of Veterinary Nursing and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo, Japan (Aoki, Kobayashi, Nishine).,Department of Disease Control, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan (Sakoda, Mine, Abe, Tamura, Kida).,Food Safety and Consumer Affairs Bureau (Kozasa).,National Veterinary Assay Laboratory, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Tokyo, Japan (Kozasa, Nakamura).,Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan (Todaka, Katayama).,Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan (Kida)
| | - Tsubasa Kobayashi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture (Nagai, Tominaga-Teshima, Tateishi, Suzuki, Fukuhara, Ohmori, Mizutani, Shirai), Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan.,Research and Education Center for Prevention of Global Infectious Diseases of Animals (Nagai, Mizutani, Shirai), Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan.,School of Veterinary Nursing and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo, Japan (Aoki, Kobayashi, Nishine).,Department of Disease Control, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan (Sakoda, Mine, Abe, Tamura, Kida).,Food Safety and Consumer Affairs Bureau (Kozasa).,National Veterinary Assay Laboratory, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Tokyo, Japan (Kozasa, Nakamura).,Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan (Todaka, Katayama).,Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan (Kida)
| | - Kaoru Nishine
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture (Nagai, Tominaga-Teshima, Tateishi, Suzuki, Fukuhara, Ohmori, Mizutani, Shirai), Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan.,Research and Education Center for Prevention of Global Infectious Diseases of Animals (Nagai, Mizutani, Shirai), Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan.,School of Veterinary Nursing and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo, Japan (Aoki, Kobayashi, Nishine).,Department of Disease Control, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan (Sakoda, Mine, Abe, Tamura, Kida).,Food Safety and Consumer Affairs Bureau (Kozasa).,National Veterinary Assay Laboratory, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Tokyo, Japan (Kozasa, Nakamura).,Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan (Todaka, Katayama).,Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan (Kida)
| | - Kentaro Tateishi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture (Nagai, Tominaga-Teshima, Tateishi, Suzuki, Fukuhara, Ohmori, Mizutani, Shirai), Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan.,Research and Education Center for Prevention of Global Infectious Diseases of Animals (Nagai, Mizutani, Shirai), Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan.,School of Veterinary Nursing and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo, Japan (Aoki, Kobayashi, Nishine).,Department of Disease Control, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan (Sakoda, Mine, Abe, Tamura, Kida).,Food Safety and Consumer Affairs Bureau (Kozasa).,National Veterinary Assay Laboratory, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Tokyo, Japan (Kozasa, Nakamura).,Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan (Todaka, Katayama).,Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan (Kida)
| | - Yudai Suzuki
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture (Nagai, Tominaga-Teshima, Tateishi, Suzuki, Fukuhara, Ohmori, Mizutani, Shirai), Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan.,Research and Education Center for Prevention of Global Infectious Diseases of Animals (Nagai, Mizutani, Shirai), Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan.,School of Veterinary Nursing and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo, Japan (Aoki, Kobayashi, Nishine).,Department of Disease Control, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan (Sakoda, Mine, Abe, Tamura, Kida).,Food Safety and Consumer Affairs Bureau (Kozasa).,National Veterinary Assay Laboratory, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Tokyo, Japan (Kozasa, Nakamura).,Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan (Todaka, Katayama).,Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan (Kida)
| | - Mai Fukuhara
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture (Nagai, Tominaga-Teshima, Tateishi, Suzuki, Fukuhara, Ohmori, Mizutani, Shirai), Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan.,Research and Education Center for Prevention of Global Infectious Diseases of Animals (Nagai, Mizutani, Shirai), Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan.,School of Veterinary Nursing and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo, Japan (Aoki, Kobayashi, Nishine).,Department of Disease Control, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan (Sakoda, Mine, Abe, Tamura, Kida).,Food Safety and Consumer Affairs Bureau (Kozasa).,National Veterinary Assay Laboratory, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Tokyo, Japan (Kozasa, Nakamura).,Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan (Todaka, Katayama).,Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan (Kida)
| | - Keitaro Ohmori
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture (Nagai, Tominaga-Teshima, Tateishi, Suzuki, Fukuhara, Ohmori, Mizutani, Shirai), Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan.,Research and Education Center for Prevention of Global Infectious Diseases of Animals (Nagai, Mizutani, Shirai), Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan.,School of Veterinary Nursing and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo, Japan (Aoki, Kobayashi, Nishine).,Department of Disease Control, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan (Sakoda, Mine, Abe, Tamura, Kida).,Food Safety and Consumer Affairs Bureau (Kozasa).,National Veterinary Assay Laboratory, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Tokyo, Japan (Kozasa, Nakamura).,Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan (Todaka, Katayama).,Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan (Kida)
| | - Reiko Todaka
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture (Nagai, Tominaga-Teshima, Tateishi, Suzuki, Fukuhara, Ohmori, Mizutani, Shirai), Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan.,Research and Education Center for Prevention of Global Infectious Diseases of Animals (Nagai, Mizutani, Shirai), Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan.,School of Veterinary Nursing and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo, Japan (Aoki, Kobayashi, Nishine).,Department of Disease Control, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan (Sakoda, Mine, Abe, Tamura, Kida).,Food Safety and Consumer Affairs Bureau (Kozasa).,National Veterinary Assay Laboratory, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Tokyo, Japan (Kozasa, Nakamura).,Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan (Todaka, Katayama).,Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan (Kida)
| | - Kazuhiko Katayama
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture (Nagai, Tominaga-Teshima, Tateishi, Suzuki, Fukuhara, Ohmori, Mizutani, Shirai), Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan.,Research and Education Center for Prevention of Global Infectious Diseases of Animals (Nagai, Mizutani, Shirai), Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan.,School of Veterinary Nursing and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo, Japan (Aoki, Kobayashi, Nishine).,Department of Disease Control, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan (Sakoda, Mine, Abe, Tamura, Kida).,Food Safety and Consumer Affairs Bureau (Kozasa).,National Veterinary Assay Laboratory, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Tokyo, Japan (Kozasa, Nakamura).,Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan (Todaka, Katayama).,Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan (Kida)
| | - Tetsuya Mizutani
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture (Nagai, Tominaga-Teshima, Tateishi, Suzuki, Fukuhara, Ohmori, Mizutani, Shirai), Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan.,Research and Education Center for Prevention of Global Infectious Diseases of Animals (Nagai, Mizutani, Shirai), Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan.,School of Veterinary Nursing and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo, Japan (Aoki, Kobayashi, Nishine).,Department of Disease Control, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan (Sakoda, Mine, Abe, Tamura, Kida).,Food Safety and Consumer Affairs Bureau (Kozasa).,National Veterinary Assay Laboratory, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Tokyo, Japan (Kozasa, Nakamura).,Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan (Todaka, Katayama).,Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan (Kida)
| | - Shigeyuki Nakamura
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture (Nagai, Tominaga-Teshima, Tateishi, Suzuki, Fukuhara, Ohmori, Mizutani, Shirai), Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan.,Research and Education Center for Prevention of Global Infectious Diseases of Animals (Nagai, Mizutani, Shirai), Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan.,School of Veterinary Nursing and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo, Japan (Aoki, Kobayashi, Nishine).,Department of Disease Control, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan (Sakoda, Mine, Abe, Tamura, Kida).,Food Safety and Consumer Affairs Bureau (Kozasa).,National Veterinary Assay Laboratory, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Tokyo, Japan (Kozasa, Nakamura).,Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan (Todaka, Katayama).,Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan (Kida)
| | - Hiroshi Kida
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture (Nagai, Tominaga-Teshima, Tateishi, Suzuki, Fukuhara, Ohmori, Mizutani, Shirai), Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan.,Research and Education Center for Prevention of Global Infectious Diseases of Animals (Nagai, Mizutani, Shirai), Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan.,School of Veterinary Nursing and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo, Japan (Aoki, Kobayashi, Nishine).,Department of Disease Control, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan (Sakoda, Mine, Abe, Tamura, Kida).,Food Safety and Consumer Affairs Bureau (Kozasa).,National Veterinary Assay Laboratory, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Tokyo, Japan (Kozasa, Nakamura).,Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan (Todaka, Katayama).,Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan (Kida)
| | - Junsuke Shirai
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture (Nagai, Tominaga-Teshima, Tateishi, Suzuki, Fukuhara, Ohmori, Mizutani, Shirai), Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan.,Research and Education Center for Prevention of Global Infectious Diseases of Animals (Nagai, Mizutani, Shirai), Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan.,School of Veterinary Nursing and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo, Japan (Aoki, Kobayashi, Nishine).,Department of Disease Control, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan (Sakoda, Mine, Abe, Tamura, Kida).,Food Safety and Consumer Affairs Bureau (Kozasa).,National Veterinary Assay Laboratory, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Tokyo, Japan (Kozasa, Nakamura).,Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan (Todaka, Katayama).,Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan (Kida)
| |
Collapse
|