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Brand J, Carlson D, Ballarino G, Lansigan RK, Emond J, Gilbert-Diamond D. Attention to food cues following media multitasking is associated with cross-sectional BMI among adolescents. Front Psychol 2022; 13:992450. [PMID: 36506992 PMCID: PMC9732437 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.992450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To measure attention to food cues following a multitask or a sustained attention single task, and further, to examine the associations with current weight status and excess consumption. Methods Ninety-six 13-to 17-year-olds were fed a standardized meal and then had their attention to food cues measured following completion of a single sustained attention task, media multitask, or a passive viewing control task. Participants then completed an eating in the absence of hunger paradigm to measure their excess consumption. Adolescents completed each condition on separate visits in randomized order. Attention to food cues was measured by computing eye-tracking measures of attention, first fixation duration, and cumulative fixation duration to distractor images while participants played the video game, Tetris. Participants also had their height and weight measured. Results Although not statistically significant, attention to food cues was greatest following a media multitask and weakest following a task that engaged sustained attention when compared to a control. First fixation duration was positively and statistically significantly associated with BMI-Z when measured following a multitask. Cumulative fixation duration was not associated with BMI-Z. There were no associations between BMI-Z and attention to food cues after the attention or control task, nor any association between attention to food cues and eating in the absence of hunger. Conclusion Among adolescents, we found that current adiposity was related to attention to food cues following a multitask. Multitasking may perturb the cognitive system to increase attention to food cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Brand
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, United States
- Dartmouth Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, United States
| | - Delaina Carlson
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, United States
| | - Grace Ballarino
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, United States
| | - Reina Kato Lansigan
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, United States
| | - Jennifer Emond
- Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, United States
| | - Diane Gilbert-Diamond
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, United States
- Dartmouth Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, United States
- Department of Medicine Weight and Wellness Center, Dartmouth Health, Lebanon, NH, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, United States
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Brand J, Lansigan RK, Thomas N, Emond J, Gilbert-Diamond D. Completing a Sustained Attention Task Is Associated With Decreased Distractibility and Increased Task Performance Among Adolescents With Low Levels of Media Multitasking. Front Psychol 2022; 12:804931. [PMID: 35197886 PMCID: PMC8859153 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.804931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To assess distracted attention and performance on a computer task following completion of a sustained attention and acute media multitasking task among adolescents with varying self-reported usual media multitasking. Methods Ninety-six 13- to 17-year-olds played the video game Tetris following completion of a Go/No-go paradigm to measure sustained attention in the presence of distractors, an acute media multitasking, or a passive viewing condition. Adolescents completed the conditions on separate visits in randomized order. Sustained attention was measured within the Go/No-go task by measuring errors of omission. Distracted attention while playing the Tetris task was measured by computing eye tracking measures of attention (first fixation duration, cumulative fixation duration) to irrelevant distractor images that bordered the Tetris game. Participants also self-reported their daily media multitasking. Results The Go/No-go task revealed important qualitative differences in sustained attention among low and high usual media multitaskers. There was a uniform improvement in sustained attention among low usual media multitaskers, demonstrated by a consistent linear decrease in omission errors (β = −0.01; P < 0.05). Among high usual media multitaskers, there was initially a decrease in sustained attention (β = −0.01; P = 0.05) followed by an increase (β = 0.16; P < 0.001). Completing the Go/No-go task also statistically significantly reduced distractibility and increased performance while playing Tetris compared to the passive viewing condition, but only among those with low usual media multitasking (all Ps ≤ 0.05). There was a non-statistically significant trend that completing the acute media multitask increased subsequent distractibility and performance while playing Tetris among high media multitaskers. Conclusion In this sample of adolescents, practicing a sustained attention task reduces distractibility and improves task performance among those who have low levels of usual media multitasking.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Brand
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, United States
- Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, United States
- *Correspondence: John Brand,
| | - Reina Kato Lansigan
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, United States
- Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, United States
| | - Natalie Thomas
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, United States
- Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, United States
| | - Jennifer Emond
- Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, United States
| | - Diane Gilbert-Diamond
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, United States
- Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, United States
- Department of Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, United States
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Gilbert-Diamond D, Emond JA, Lansigan RK, Rapuano KM, Kelley WM, Heatherton TF, Sargent JD. Television food advertisement exposure and FTO rs9939609 genotype in relation to excess consumption in children. Int J Obes (Lond) 2016; 41:23-29. [PMID: 27654143 PMCID: PMC5209258 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2016.163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Revised: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE Exposure to food advertisements may cue overeating among children, especially among those genetically predisposed to respond to food cues. We aimed to assess how television food advertisements affect eating in the absence of hunger among children in a randomized trial. We hypothesized that the Fat Mass and Obesity Associated Gene (FTO) rs9939609 single nucleotide polymorphism would modify the effect of food advertisements. SUBJECTS/METHODS In this randomized experiment, 200 children aged 9–10 years old were served a standardized lunch and then shown a 34-minute television show embedded with either food or toy advertisements. Children were provided with snack food to consume ad libitum while watching the show and we measured caloric intake. Children were genotyped for rs9939609 and analyses were conducted in the overall sample and stratified by genotype. A formal test for interaction of the food ad effect on consumption by rs9939609 was conducted. RESULTS 172 unrelated participants were included in this analysis. Children consumed on average 453 (SD=185) kCals during lunch and 482 (SD=274) kCals during the experimental exposure. Children who viewed food advertisements consumed an average of 48 kCals (95% CI: 10, 85; P=0.01) more of a recently advertised food than those who viewed toy advertisements. There was a statistically significant interaction between genotype and food advertisement condition (P for interaction = 0.02), where the difference in consumption of a recently advertised food related to food advertisement exposure increased linearly with each additional FTO risk allele, even after controlling for BMI percentile. CONCLUSIONS Food advertisement exposure was associated with greater caloric consumption of a recently advertised food, and this effect was modified by an FTO genotype. Future research is needed to understand the neurological mechanism underlying these associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Gilbert-Diamond
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA.,Geisel School of Medicine and Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - J A Emond
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA.,Geisel School of Medicine and Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - R K Lansigan
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - K M Rapuano
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - W M Kelley
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - T F Heatherton
- Geisel School of Medicine and Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Lebanon, NH, USA.,Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - J D Sargent
- Geisel School of Medicine and Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Lebanon, NH, USA
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