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Ligasová A, Vydržalová M, Buriánová R, Brůčková L, Večeřová R, Janošťáková A, Koberna K. A New Sensitive Method for the Detection of Mycoplasmas Using Fluorescence Microscopy. Cells 2019; 8:cells8121510. [PMID: 31775352 PMCID: PMC6952905 DOI: 10.3390/cells8121510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Contamination of cell cultures by mycoplasmas is a very common phenomenon. As they can substantially alter cell metabolism and potentially spread to all cell cultures in laboratory, their early detection is necessary. One of the fastest and cheapest methods of mycoplasma detection relies on the direct staining of mycoplasmas’ DNA by DAPI or Hoechst dyes. Although this method is easy and fast to perform, it suffers from the low signal provided by these dyes compared to the nuclear DNA. Therefore, the reporter cell lines are used for cultivation of mycoplasmas before DAPI or the Hoechst staining step. In the study presented, we have developed and tested a new immunofluorescence assay for the detection of mycoplasmas. The method is based on the enzymatic labeling using DNA polymerase I and modified nucleotides utilizing nicks in the mycoplasmas’ DNA. Modified nucleotides are incorporated into mycoplasmas’ DNA and subsequently visualized by immunofluorescence microscopy. The developed approach is independent of the mycoplasma strain, does not intensely stain nuclear DNA, does not stain other bacteria, and provides higher sensitivity than the approach based on the direct labeling using DAPI or Hoechst dyes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Ligasová
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University Olomouc, Hněvotínská 5, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (R.B.); (A.J.)
- Correspondence: (A.L.); (K.K.); Tel.: +420-585632184 (A.L.); +420-585632184 (K.K.)
| | - Markéta Vydržalová
- Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, 532 10 Pardubice, Czech Republic; (M.V.); (L.B.)
| | - Renata Buriánová
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University Olomouc, Hněvotínská 5, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (R.B.); (A.J.)
| | - Lenka Brůčková
- Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, 532 10 Pardubice, Czech Republic; (M.V.); (L.B.)
| | - Renata Večeřová
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University Olomouc, Hněvotínská 3, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic;
| | - Anna Janošťáková
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University Olomouc, Hněvotínská 5, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (R.B.); (A.J.)
| | - Karel Koberna
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University Olomouc, Hněvotínská 5, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (R.B.); (A.J.)
- Correspondence: (A.L.); (K.K.); Tel.: +420-585632184 (A.L.); +420-585632184 (K.K.)
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Jurášek M, Černohorská M, Řehulka J, Spiwok V, Sulimenko T, Dráberová E, Darmostuk M, Gurská S, Frydrych I, Buriánová R, Ruml T, Hajdúch M, Bartůněk P, Dráber P, Džubák P, Drašar PB, Sedlák D. Estradiol dimer inhibits tubulin polymerization and microtubule dynamics. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2018; 183:68-79. [PMID: 29803726 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2018.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Microtubule dynamics is one of the major targets for new chemotherapeutic agents. This communication presents the synthesis and biological profiling of steroidal dimers based on estradiol, testosterone and pregnenolone bridged by 2,6-bis(azidomethyl)pyridine between D rings. The biological profiling revealed unique properties of the estradiol dimer including cytotoxic activities on a panel of 11 human cell lines, ability to arrest in the G2/M phase of the cell cycle accompanied with the attenuation of DNA/RNA synthesis. Thorough investigation precluded a genomic mechanism of action and revealed that the estradiol dimer acts at the cytoskeletal level by inhibiting tubulin polymerization. Further studies showed that estradiol dimer, but none of the other structurally related dimeric steroids, inhibited assembly of purified tubulin (IC50, 3.6 μM). The estradiol dimer was more potent than 2-methoxyestradiol, an endogenous metabolite of 17β-estradiol and well-studied microtubule polymerization inhibitor with antitumor effects that was evaluated in clinical trials. Further, it was equipotent to nocodazole (IC50, 1.5 μM), an antimitotic small molecule of natural origin. Both estradiol dimer and nocodazole completely and reversibly depolymerized microtubules in interphase U2OS cells at 2.5 μM concentration. At lower concentrations (50 nM), estradiol dimer decreased the microtubule dynamics and growth life-time and produced comparable effect to nocodazole on the microtubule dynamicity. In silico modeling predicted that estradiol dimer binds to the colchicine-binding site in the tubulin dimer. Finally, dimerization of the steroids abolished their ability to induce transactivation by estrogen receptor α and androgen receptors. Although other steroids were reported to interact with microtubules, the estradiol dimer represents a new structural type of steroid inhibitor of tubulin polymerization and microtubule dynamics, bearing antimitotic and cytotoxic activity in cancer cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Jurášek
- University of Chemistry and Technology, CZ-166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Markéta Černohorská
- Department of Biology of Cytoskeleton, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Řehulka
- CZ-OPENSCREEN, Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University in Olomouc, CZ-775 15 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Vojtěch Spiwok
- University of Chemistry and Technology, CZ-166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tetyana Sulimenko
- Department of Biology of Cytoskeleton, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Eduarda Dráberová
- Department of Biology of Cytoskeleton, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Maria Darmostuk
- University of Chemistry and Technology, CZ-166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Soňa Gurská
- CZ-OPENSCREEN, Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University in Olomouc, CZ-775 15 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Ivo Frydrych
- CZ-OPENSCREEN, Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University in Olomouc, CZ-775 15 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Renata Buriánová
- CZ-OPENSCREEN, Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University in Olomouc, CZ-775 15 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Ruml
- University of Chemistry and Technology, CZ-166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Marián Hajdúch
- CZ-OPENSCREEN, Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University in Olomouc, CZ-775 15 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Bartůněk
- CZ-OPENSCREEN, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Dráber
- Department of Biology of Cytoskeleton, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Džubák
- CZ-OPENSCREEN, Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University in Olomouc, CZ-775 15 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Pavel B Drašar
- University of Chemistry and Technology, CZ-166 28 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - David Sedlák
- CZ-OPENSCREEN, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic.
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