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Jouyandeh M, Tavakoli O, Sarkhanpour R, Sajadi SM, Zarrintaj P, Rabiee N, Akhavan O, Lima EC, Saeb MR. Green products from herbal medicine wastes by subcritical water treatment. J Hazard Mater 2022; 424:127294. [PMID: 34592595 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Herbal medicine wastes (HMWs) are byproducts of medicine factories, which are mainly landfilled for their environmental problems. Only bearing in mind the contamination and concerns caused by the COVID-19 pandemic and environmental emissions, the worth of herbal medicine wastes management and conversion to green products can be understood. In this work, subcritical water treatment was carried out batch-wise in a stainless tube reactor in the pressure range of 0.792-30.0 MPa, varying the temperature (127-327 °C) and time (1-60 min) of extraction. This resulted in new and green material sources, including organic acids, amino acids, and sugars. Amazingly, at very low extraction times (below 5 min) and high temperatures (above 277 °C), about 99% of HMWs were efficaciously converted to clean products by subcritical hydrothermal treatment. The results of hydrothermal extraction after 5 min indicated that at low temperatures (127-227 °C), the total organic carbon in the aqueous phase increased as the residual solid phase decreased, reaching a peak around 220 °C. Acetone soluble extracts or fat phase appeared above 227 °C and reached a maximum yield of 21% at 357 °C. Aspartic acid, threonine, and glycine were the primary amino acids; glycolic acid, formic acid, lactic acid, and acetic acid were obtained as the main organic acids, glucose, fructose, and cellobiose were substantial sugars produced from the aqueous phase after 5 min of hydrothermal subcritical hydrolysis extraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Jouyandeh
- Center of Excellence in Electrochemistry, School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Omid Tavakoli
- School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran 14176, Iran
| | - Reza Sarkhanpour
- School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran 14176, Iran
| | - S Mohammad Sajadi
- Department of Nutrition, Cihan University-Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Erbil P.O. Box 625, Iraq; Department of Phytochemistry, SRC, Soran University, Soran P.O. Box 624, Iraq
| | - Payam Zarrintaj
- School of Chemical Engineering, Oklahoma State University, 420 Engineering North, Stillwater, OK, 74078, United States
| | - Navid Rabiee
- Department of Physics, Sharif University of Technology, P.O. Box 11155-9161, Tehran, Iran
| | - Omid Akhavan
- Department of Physics, Sharif University of Technology, P.O. Box 11155-9161, Tehran, Iran
| | - Eder C Lima
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Goncalves 9500, Postal Box, 15003, ZIP, 91501-970 Brazil.
| | - Mohammad Reza Saeb
- Department of Polymer Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, G. Narutowicza 11/12 80-233, Gdańsk, Poland.
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Sarkhanpour R, Tavakoli O, Sarrafzadeh MH, Kariminia HR. The comparision of Coprinus cinereus peroxidase enzyme and TiO2 catalyst for phenol removal. J Environ Sci Health A Tox Hazard Subst Environ Eng 2013; 48:300-307. [PMID: 23245305 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2013.726835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
This article investigates phenol removal from an aqueous solution by using enzymatic and photocatalytic methods and the efficiency of these methods has been compared. In enzymatic and photocatalytic methods, Coprinus cinereus, peroxidase enzyme and commercial TiO(2) powders (Degussa P-25) in aqueous suspension were used, respectively, in ambient temperature. The effects of different operating parameters such as duration of process, catalyst dosage or enzyme concentration, pH of the solution, initial phenol concentration and H(2)O(2) concentration on both processes were examined. In enzymatic method, efficiency of degradation reached 100% within 5 min, while in the photocatalytic method, the efficiency of degradation reached approximately 70% within 60 min. In photocatalytic method, there is an optimum concentration for catalyst dosage (near 2.0 g/L) to gain 80% efficiency, while in the enzymatic method, increasing the amount of enzyme could lead to an increase in the efficiency up to 100%. Moreover, the optimum pH in enzymatic and photocatalytic methods stood at 8.0 and 7.0, respectively. In both methods, the addition of different amounts of H(2)O(2) increased the degradation efficiency to 100%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Sarkhanpour
- School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran (UT), Tehran, Iran
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