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Sampietro M, Cassina V, Salerno D, Barbaglio F, Buglione E, Marrano CA, Campanile R, Scarfò L, Biedenweg D, Fregin B, Zamai M, Díaz Torres A, Labrador Cantarero V, Ghia P, Otto O, Mantegazza F, Caiolfa VR, Scielzo C. The Nanomechanical Properties of CLL Cells Are Linked to the Actin Cytoskeleton and Are a Potential Target of BTK Inhibitors. Hemasphere 2023; 7:e931. [PMID: 37492437 PMCID: PMC10365208 DOI: 10.1097/hs9.0000000000000931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is an incurable disease characterized by an intense trafficking of the leukemic cells between the peripheral blood and lymphoid tissues. It is known that the ability of lymphocytes to recirculate strongly depends on their capability to rapidly rearrange their cytoskeleton and adapt to external cues; however, little is known about the differences occurring between CLL and healthy B cells during these processes. To investigate this point, we applied a single-cell optical (super resolution microscopy) and nanomechanical approaches (atomic force microscopy, real-time deformability cytometry) to both CLL and healthy B lymphocytes and compared their behavior. We demonstrated that CLL cells have a specific actomyosin complex organization and altered mechanical properties in comparison to their healthy counterpart. To evaluate the clinical relevance of our findings, we treated the cells in vitro with the Bruton's tyrosine kinase inhibitors and we found for the first time that the drug restores the CLL cells mechanical properties to a healthy phenotype and activates the actomyosin complex. We further validated these results in vivo on CLL cells isolated from patients undergoing ibrutinib treatment. Our results suggest that CLL cells' mechanical properties are linked to their actin cytoskeleton organization and might be involved in novel mechanisms of drug resistance, thus becoming a new potential therapeutic target aiming at the normalization of the mechanical fingerprints of the leukemic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Sampietro
- School of Medicine and Surgery, BioNanoMedicine Center NANOMIB, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Vedano al Lambro, Italy
- Unit of Malignant B cells biology and 3D modelling, Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
- Unit of Microscopy and Dynamic Imaging, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Valeria Cassina
- School of Medicine and Surgery, BioNanoMedicine Center NANOMIB, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Vedano al Lambro, Italy
| | - Domenico Salerno
- School of Medicine and Surgery, BioNanoMedicine Center NANOMIB, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Vedano al Lambro, Italy
| | - Federica Barbaglio
- Unit of Malignant B cells biology and 3D modelling, Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Enrico Buglione
- School of Medicine and Surgery, BioNanoMedicine Center NANOMIB, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Vedano al Lambro, Italy
| | - Claudia Adriana Marrano
- School of Medicine and Surgery, BioNanoMedicine Center NANOMIB, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Vedano al Lambro, Italy
| | - Riccardo Campanile
- School of Medicine and Surgery, BioNanoMedicine Center NANOMIB, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Vedano al Lambro, Italy
| | - Lydia Scarfò
- Unit B Cell Neoplasia, Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
- Strategic Research Program on CLL, Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Doreen Biedenweg
- Klinik für Innere Medizin B, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Fleischmannstr, Germany
| | - Bob Fregin
- Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung e.V., Standort Greifswald, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Fleischmannstr, Germany
- Zentrum für Innovationskompetenz: Humorale Immunreaktionen bei kardiovaskulären Erkrankungen, Universität Greifswald, Fleischmannstr, Germany
- Institute of Physics, Universität Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Strasse, Germany
| | - Moreno Zamai
- Unit of Microscopy and Dynamic Imaging, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alfonsa Díaz Torres
- Unit of Microscopy and Dynamic Imaging, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Veronica Labrador Cantarero
- Unit of Microscopy and Dynamic Imaging, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Paolo Ghia
- Unit B Cell Neoplasia, Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
- Strategic Research Program on CLL, Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Oliver Otto
- Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung e.V., Standort Greifswald, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Fleischmannstr, Germany
- Zentrum für Innovationskompetenz: Humorale Immunreaktionen bei kardiovaskulären Erkrankungen, Universität Greifswald, Fleischmannstr, Germany
- Institute of Physics, Universität Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Strasse, Germany
| | - Francesco Mantegazza
- School of Medicine and Surgery, BioNanoMedicine Center NANOMIB, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Vedano al Lambro, Italy
| | - Valeria R. Caiolfa
- Unit of Microscopy and Dynamic Imaging, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
- Experimental Imaging Center, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Cristina Scielzo
- Unit of Malignant B cells biology and 3D modelling, Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
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