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Burden RJ, Biswas A, McCarron JP. Elite sport, innovation and the application gap. Exp Physiol 2021; 107:3-5. [PMID: 34783089 DOI: 10.1113/ep090194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Burden
- English Institute of Sport, Manchester, UK.,Faculty of Sport, Allied Health and Performance Science, St Mary's University, Twickenham, UK.,School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | | | - James P McCarron
- Manchester City Women's Football Club, City Football Group, Manchester, UK
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Burden RJ, Shill AL, Bishop NC. Elite female athlete research: stop searching for the 'magic P'. Exp Physiol 2021; 106:2029-2030. [PMID: 34288150 DOI: 10.1113/ep089884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Burden
- English Institute of Sport, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK.,Faculty of Sport, Allied Health and Performance Science, St Mary's University, Twickenham, UK
| | - Alexandra L Shill
- English Institute of Sport, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Nicolette C Bishop
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
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Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate the changes in lower limb kinematics, kinetics, and muscle activation during a high-intensity run to fatigue (HIRF). METHODS Eighteen male and female competitive middle-distance runners performed a HIRF on an instrumented treadmill at a constant but unsustainable middle-distance speed (~3 min) based on a preceding maximum oxygen uptake (V˙O2max) test. Three-dimensional kinematics and kinetics were collected and compared between the start, 33%, 67%, and the end of the HIRF. In addition, the activation of eight lower limb muscles of each leg was measured with surface EMG (sEMG). RESULTS Time to exhaustion was 181 ± 42 s. By the end of the HIRF (i.e., vs the start), ground contact time increased (+4.0%), whereas flight time (-3.2%), peak vertical ground reaction force (-6.1%), and vertical impulse (-4.1%) decreased (all P < 0.05), and joint angles at initial contact became more (dorsi)flexed (ankle, +1.9°; knee, +2.1°; hip, +3.6°; all P < 0.05). During stance, by the end of the HIRF: peak ankle plantarflexion moment decreased by 0.4 N·m·kg-1 (-9.0%), whereas peak knee extension moment increased by 0.24 N·m·kg-1 (+10.3%); similarly, positive ankle plantarflexion work decreased by 0.19 J·kg-1 (-13.9%), whereas positive knee extension work increased by 0.09 J·kg-1 (+33.3%; both P < 0.05) with no change in positive hip extension work. Hip extensor surface EMG amplitude increased during the late swing phase (+20.9-37.3%; P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Running at a constant middle-distance pace led primarily to the fatigue of the plantarflexors with a compensatory increase in positive work done at the knee. Improving the fatigue resistance of the plantarflexors might be beneficial for middle-distance running performance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sam J Allen
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Leicestershire, UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Richard J Burden
- English Institute of Sport, EIS Performance Centre, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Jonathan P Folland
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Leicestershire, UNITED KINGDOM
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Shill AL, Collinson M, Palmer M, Fraser WD, Tang J, Burden RJ, Bishop NC. Influence Of Vitamin D Status On The Post-exercise Hepcidin And Interleukin-6 Response In Trained Athletes. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2019. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000563092.15421.1f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Burden RJ, Pedlar CR, Lewis NA. Biomarkers in elite sport: Where innovations in technology and application combine. Exp Physiol 2019; 104:275-277. [PMID: 30614574 DOI: 10.1113/ep087556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Burden
- English Institute of Sport, Bisham, UK.,St Mary's University, Twickenham, UK.,Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
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Burden RJ, Pedlar CR. Understanding Iron Deficiency and Exercise: Looking Beyond Ferritin. Acta Haematol 2018; 139:183-184. [PMID: 29621767 DOI: 10.1159/000487583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Burden
- St Mary's University, Twickenham, United Kingdom
- English Institute of Sport, Manchester, United Kingdom
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Bruinvels G, Burden RJ, Cushway T, Brown N, Pedlar C, Richards T. THE IMPACT OF HEAVY MENSTRUAL BLEEDING (MENORRHAGIA) AND IRON STATUS IN EXERCISING FEMALES. Br J Sports Med 2017. [DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2016-097372.53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Bruinvels G, Burden RJ, McGregor AJ, Ackerman KE, Dooley M, Richards T, Pedlar C. Sport, exercise and the menstrual cycle: where is the research? Br J Sports Med 2016; 51:487-488. [DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2016-096279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Burden RJ, Higgins J, Whyte GP, Pedlar CR. Modelling Red Cell Population Dynamics and Iron Status in Elite Endurance Athletes. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2016. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000486109.73362.98] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Burden RJ, Pollock N, Richards T, Whyte GP, Pedlar CR. A Case Study Of 5 Elite Runners. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2015. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000466166.06898.1e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Holliss BA, Burden RJ, Jones AM, Pedlar CR. Eight weeks of intermittent hypoxic training improves submaximal physiological variables in highly trained runners. J Strength Cond Res 2015; 28:2195-203. [PMID: 24513622 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000000406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
It is unclear whether intermittent hypoxic training (IHT) results in improvements in physiological variables associated with endurance running. Twelve highly trained runners (VO2peak 70.0 ± 3.5 ml·kg-1·min-1) performed incremental treadmill tests to exhaustion in normobaric normoxia and hypoxia (16.0% FIO2) to assess submaximal and maximal physiological variables and the limit of tolerance (T-Lim). Participants then completed 8 weeks of moderate to heavy intensity normoxic training (control [CONT]) or IHT (twice weekly 40 minutes runs, in combination with habitual training), in a single blinded manner, before repeating the treadmill tests. Submaximal heart rate decreased significantly more after IHT (-5 ± 5 b·min-1; p = 0.001) than after CONT ( -1 ± 5 b·min-1; p = 0.021). Changes in submaximal V[Combining Dot Above]O2 were significantly different between groups (p ≤ 0.05); decreasing in the IHT group in hypoxia (-2.6 ± 1.7 ml·kg-1·min-1; p = 0.001) and increasing in the CONT group in normoxia (+1.1 ± 2.1 ml·kg-1·min-1; p = 0.012). There were no VO2peak changes within either group, and while T-Lim improved post-IHT in hypoxia (p = 0.031), there were no significant differences between groups. Intermittent hypoxic training resulted in a degree of enhanced cardiovascular fitness that was evident during submaximal, but not maximal intensity exercise. These results suggest that moderate to heavy intensity IHT provides a mean of improving the capacity for submaximal exercise and may be useful for pre-acclimatization for subsequent exercise in hypoxia, but additional research is required to establish its efficacy for athletic performance at sea level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben A Holliss
- 1College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom; 2British Swimming National Centre, Sports Training Village, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom; and 3Centre for Health, Applied Sport and Exercise Science, St. Mary's University College, Twickenham, United Kingdom
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Burden RJ, Morton K, Richards T, Whyte GP, Pedlar CR. Is iron treatment beneficial in, iron-deficient but non-anaemic (IDNA) endurance athletes? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Sports Med 2014; 49:1389-97. [DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2014-093624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Burden RJ, Glaister M. Physiological Responses of Ionised and Non-ionised Compression Garments to Sprint and Endurance Cycling. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2011. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000402147.87175.c3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Taylor BL, Burden RJ, Wood MLB, Smith GB. Dental anaesthesia in children. Anaesthesia 2005; 60:411-2; author reply 412. [PMID: 15766347 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2044.2005.04160.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Severe tracheobronchial malacia and stenosis are important causes of morbidity and mortality in children in intensive care, but little is known about how best to diagnose these conditions or determine their prognosis. METHODS The records of all 62 children in whom one or both of these conditions had been diagnosed by contrast cinetracheobronchography in our intensive care unit in the period 1986-95 were studied. RESULTS Seventy four per cent of the 62 children had congenital heart disease; none was a preterm baby with airways disease associated with prolonged ventilation. Fifteen of the children had airway stenosis without malacia; three died because of the stenosis and two died from other causes. Twenty eight of the 47 children with malacia died; only eight children survived without developmental or respiratory handicap. All children needing ventilation for malacia for longer than 14 consecutive days died if their bronchogram showed moderate or severe malacia of either main bronchus (15 cases), or malacia of any severity of both bronchi (three additional cases); all children needing ventilation for malacia for longer than 21 consecutive days died if their bronchogram showed malacia of any severity of the trachea or a main bronchus (three additional cases). These findings were strongly associated with a fatal outcome (p<0.00005); they were present in 21 children (all of whom died) and absent in 26 (of whom seven died, six from non-respiratory causes). They had a positive predictive value for death of 100%, but the lower limit of the 95% confidence interval was 83.9% so up to 16% of patients meeting the criteria might survive. CONCLUSION In this series the findings on contrast cinetracheobronchography combined with the duration of ventilation provided a useful guide to the prognosis of children with tracheobronchomalacia. The information provided by bronchoscopy was less useful.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Burden
- Paediatric Intensive Care Unit, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
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Burden RJ, Way CF, Spargo PM. Picolax; an unusual cause of metabolic acidosis. Paediatr Anaesth 1998; 8:365. [PMID: 9672941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess whether the use of a spermatic-cord block contributes any additional analgesia to that of a conventional analgesic regimen in day-case testicular surgery. PATIENTS AND METHODS In a randomized, double-blind controlled study, 48 patients undergoing day-case testicular surgery received general anaesthesia together with fentanyl and diclofenac for analgesia. In addition, 22 of these patients received 10 mL of 0.5% plain bupivacaine into the spermatic cord at the conclusion of surgery. Visual-analogue pain scores were recorded for each group over the following 24 h. RESULTS The visual-analogue pain scores were significantly lower in the immediate recovery period in patients receiving the spermatic-cord block. CONCLUSION The spermatic-cord block reduced discomfort in the immediate post-operative period in patients undergoing testicular surgery and the procedure should be encouraged to improve the quality of post-operative pain management in such procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Burden
- Shackleton Department of Anaesthesia, Southampton University Hospital Trust, UK
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Burden RJ, Bliss A. Residual throat pack--a further method of prevention. Anaesthesia 1997; 52:806. [PMID: 9291784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Burden RJ, Lawes EG. Tracheal tube occlusion affecting surgical management of gastroschisis. Paediatr Anaesth 1995; 5:143-4. [PMID: 7489427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Abstract
We report the development of unconsciousness caused by hyperventilation in an otherwise healthy woman in labour. Extradural analgesia resulted in restoration of full consciousness and normal respiratory state. The pathophysiology of hyperventilation and aspects of respiratory physiology in pregnancy are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Burden
- Shackleton Department of Anaesthesia, Southampton General Hospital
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Burden RJ, Laycock JR. Raised intracranial compliance and termination of anaesthesia. Anaesthesia 1994; 49:743. [PMID: 7943729 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2044.1994.tb04434.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Burden RJ, Handel J. Training in anaesthesia and other specialities. West J Med 1994. [DOI: 10.1136/bmj.309.6946.56b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Garrett PJ, Mulcahy K, Burden RJ, Ng WC, Price PA. Paradoxical cerebral embolism originating from thrombus in tumour veins as presenting manifestation of retroperitoneal liposarcoma. Br J Clin Pract 1993; 47:45-6. [PMID: 8461249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The coincidence of pulmonary and systemic emboli suggests paradoxical embolism. We present the case of a young man in whom a blood clot travelled from the veins in a retroperitoneal liposarcoma via a patent foramen ovalis to the systemic arterial circulation. Young patients with embolic disease but no obvious source of thrombus may have underlying neoplastic disease. Venous thrombosis is a frequent complication of neoplastic disease. Arterial embolism associated with neoplasm is, however, not widely recognised.
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Affiliation(s)
- P J Garrett
- Department of Medicine and Pathology, Princess Margaret Hospital, Swindon
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