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Bachmann S, Wang H, Albert K, Partch R. Graft polymerization of styrene initiated by covalently bonded peroxide groups on silica. J Colloid Interface Sci 2007; 309:169-75. [PMID: 17336992 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2007.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2007] [Accepted: 02/01/2007] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The graft polymerization of styrene initiated by immobilized peroxide groups was investigated. Three different types of modification reactions were used to introduce peroxide groups which are directly attached onto the surface of two different silica supports. Silanol groups were chlorinated using thionyl chloride or tetrachlorosilane. In another reaction pathway 1,3,5-benzenetricarbonyl chloride enabled the introduction of free acid chloride residues bonded onto the surface of silica. tert-Butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) was used to transform the chlorosilyl and the acid chloride groups into peroxide residues. In a further reaction step the covalently bonded peroxides initiated the polymerization of styrene to form grafted polystyrene directly attached onto the silica support. Solid-state 13C CP/MAS NMR spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric and scanning electron microscope measurements enabled a clear structure and property elucidation of the different bonded phases. The highest amount of grafted polystyrene was achieved employing the acid chloride synthesis pathway with silica-gel, whereas modification of spherical silica only led to minor amounts of grafted polymer. The results contribute to the evolving need to understand particle surface modifications and may have positive impact on development of new HPLC stationary phases for improved elutant resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Bachmann
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
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Powell E, Lee YH, Partch R, Dennis D, Morey T, Varshney M. Pi-Pi complexation of bupivacaine and analogues with aromatic receptors: implications for overdose remediation. Int J Nanomedicine 2007; 2:449-59. [PMID: 18019843 PMCID: PMC2676660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The interaction of the important but often overdosed local anesthetic bupivacaine, its structural analogs 2,6-dimethylaniline, and N-methyl-2,6-dimethylacetanilide, and cocaine, with several electron deficient aromatic moieties were studied primarily by proton NMR and UV-visible spectroscopy. In solution, the anesthetic, its analogs and cocaine are electron donors and form pi-pi charge transfer complexes with strong aromatic acceptors, as monitored by the upfield changes induced in the NMR chemical shifts (delta) and red-shifted UV-vis wavelength (lamda max) absorbance of the acceptors. The equilibrium binding constant, K, was determined from the 1H NMR charge transfer induced chemical shift changes and used to calculate the free energy (deltaG) for complex formation of three acceptor-donor pairs. HPLC results indicate that the concentrations of free bupivacaine, its analogs and of cocaine are reduced from solution via binding to aromatic-functionalized silica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evon Powell
- Department of Chemistry, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY, USA
| | - Y-H Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Kyungwon University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Richard Partch
- Department of Chemistry, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY, USA
| | - Donn Dennis
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Timothy Morey
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Manoj Varshney
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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Renehan EM, Enneking FK, Varshney M, Partch R, Dennis DM, Morey TE. Scavenging nanoparticles: an emerging treatment for local anesthetic toxicity. Reg Anesth Pain Med 2005; 30:380-4. [PMID: 16032590 PMCID: PMC3592206 DOI: 10.1016/j.rapm.2005.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Lee DW, Flint J, Morey T, Dennis D, Partch R, Baney R. Aromatic-aromatic interaction of amitriptyline: implication of overdosed drug detoxification. J Pharm Sci 2005; 94:373-81. [PMID: 15614810 DOI: 10.1002/jps.20256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The objectives of this work are to explore the pi-pi complexation of amitriptyline with pi electron-deficient aromatic rings and demonstrate the feasibility of pi-pi complexation for overdosed drug detoxification. Water-soluble oligochitosan was chemically modified with dinitrobenzenesulfonyl groups to induce selective binding toward amitriptyline through pi-pi complexation. NMR studies showed that benzenesulfonyl and dinitrobenzenesulfonyl protons were upfield shifted by the addition of amitriptyline, indicating the formation of pi-pi complexes. The pi-pi complexation of amitriptyline is driven primarily by a desolvation driving force, whereas the magnitude of interaction is dictated by the complementrary electrostatic interaction. Isolated rat heart tests revealed that dinitrobenzenesulfonyl oligochitosan prevented the amitriptyline-induced cardiotoxicity and was itself not cardiotoxic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Won Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
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Trotter H, Zaman AA, Partch R. Preparation and characterization of polymer composite multilayers on SiO2. J Colloid Interface Sci 2005; 286:233-8. [PMID: 15848421 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2004.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2004] [Accepted: 12/07/2004] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDADMAC) and poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) (PSS) have been consecutively adsorbed onto 1.5-microm charged silica (SiO2) particles. Time-dependent adsorption studies indicate that, due to the strong ionic charge of the dissociated polycation in water, adsorption is complete in less than 30 min. Indications of the maximum adsorption density, changes in surface charge, and stability of the layered particles are demonstrated through adsorption isotherms and electrophoretic mobility (EPM) measurements. Further stability of the PDADMAC layer is demonstrated through multiwashing with ultra pure deionized water. Preliminary desorption studies of the PSS layer also illustrate a stabilized two-layer system. Due to the nature of the electrostatic charges on the surface of the SiO2 core particles and both polyelectrolytes in aqueous media, the use of polyelectrolytes as layering elements serves as a model for the assembly of time-released drug delivery particle systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather Trotter
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
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Nishida Y, Takahashi H, Iso M, Matsuoka M, Partch R. Surface modification of silica particles with polyimide by ultrasonic wave irradiation. ADV POWDER TECHNOL 2005. [DOI: 10.1163/156855205774483316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Shah VJ, Partch R. Studies on Novel Bismaleimide Resins: Part I. INT J POLYM MATER PO 1998. [DOI: 10.1080/00914039808041040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Richard Partch
- b Department of Chemistry , Center for Advanced Materials Processing, Clarkson University , Potsdam , NY , 13699-5814 , U.S.A
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Cai W, Arajs S, Moyer CA, Gangolli SG, Partch R. Electrical conduction of alpha -Fe2O3 colloids. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1993; 47:2551-2556. [PMID: 10006307 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.47.2551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Katz JL, Ruggiero JG, Partch R, Warren D, Ebetino FH. Thermally induced nucleation. I. A new way to obtain activation energies for unimolecular reactions. J Chem Phys 1983. [DOI: 10.1063/1.446095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Partch R, Matijević E, Hodgson AW, Aiken BE. Preparation of polymer colloids by chemical reactions in aerosols. I. Poly(p-tertiarybutylstyrene). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1983. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.1983.170210405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Abstract
On irradiation with light of suitable wavelength and intensity, certain organic compounds, even at very low concentrations, cause very efficient nucleation of supersaturated vapors. A mechanism is suggested to account for this phenomenon. Nuclei containing only a few photoexcited molecules are responsible for the nucleation.
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