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Delamare-Deboutteville J, Batstone DJ, Kawasaki M, Stegman S, Salini M, Tabrett S, Smullen R, Barnes AC, Hülsen T. Mixed culture purple phototrophic bacteria is an effective fishmeal replacement in aquaculture. Water Res X 2019; 4:100031. [PMID: 31334494 PMCID: PMC6614599 DOI: 10.1016/j.wroa.2019.100031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Aquaculture is the fastest growing animal food production industry, now producing 50% of all food fish. However, aquaculture feeds remain dependent on fishmeal derived from capture fisheries, which must be reduced for continued sustainable growth. Purple phototrophic bacteria (PPB) efficiently yield biomass from wastewater with high product homogeneity, a relatively high protein fraction, and potential added value as an ingredient for fish feeds. Here we test bulk replacement of fishmeal with PPB microbial biomass in diets for Asian sea bass (Lates calcarifer), a high value carnivorous fish with high protein to energy requirement. Mixed culture PPB were grown in a novel 1 m3 attached photo-biofilm process using synthetic and real wastewater. Four experimental diets were formulated to commercial specifications but with the fishmeal substituted (0%, 33%, 66%, and 100%) with the synthetic grown PPB biomass and fed to a cohort of 540 juvenile fish divided amongst 12 tanks over 47 days. Weight and standard length were taken from individual fish at 18, 28, and 47d. No significant difference in survival was observed due to diet or other factors (94-100%). There was a negative correlation between PPB inclusion level and final weight (p = 5.94 × 10-5) with diet accounting for 4.1% of the variance over the trial (general linear model, R2 = 0.96, p = 1 × 10-6). Feed conversion ratio was also significantly influenced by diet (p = 6 × 10-7) with this factor accounting for 89% of variance. Specifically, feed conversion ratio (FCR) rose to 1.5 for the 100% replacement diet during the last sample period, approximately 1.0 for the partial replacement, and 0.8 for the nil replacement diet. However, this study demonstrates that bulk replacement of fishmeal by PPB is feasible, and commercially viable at 33% and 66% replacement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Delamare-Deboutteville
- Advanced Water Management Centree, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences and Centre for Marine Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Damien J. Batstone
- Advanced Water Management Centree, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Minami Kawasaki
- School of Biological Sciences and Centre for Marine Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Samuel Stegman
- Advanced Water Management Centree, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Michael Salini
- Ridley Aqua-Feed Pty Ltd, PO Box 187, Deception Bay, 4504, Queensland, Australia
| | - Simon Tabrett
- Ridley Aqua-Feed Pty Ltd, PO Box 187, Deception Bay, 4504, Queensland, Australia
| | - Richard Smullen
- Ridley Aqua-Feed Pty Ltd, PO Box 187, Deception Bay, 4504, Queensland, Australia
| | - Andrew C. Barnes
- School of Biological Sciences and Centre for Marine Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Tim Hülsen
- Advanced Water Management Centree, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia
- Corresponding author. Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, 4072, Australia.
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Gomez Isaza DF, Cramp RL, Smullen R, Glencross BD, Franklin CE. Coping with climatic extremes: Dietary fat content decreased the thermal resilience of barramundi (Lates calcarifer). Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2019; 230:64-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2019.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 01/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Neuman C, Hatje E, Smullen R, Bowman J, Katouli M. The effect of fishmeal inclusion and prebiotic supplementation on the hindgut faecal microbiota of farmed Tasmanian Atlantic salmon (Salmo salarL.). J Appl Microbiol 2018; 125:952-963. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.13930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- C. Neuman
- Genecology Research Centre; Faculty of Science, Health, Education and Engineering; University of the Sunshine Coast; Maroochydore DC Qld Australia
| | - E. Hatje
- Genecology Research Centre; Faculty of Science, Health, Education and Engineering; University of the Sunshine Coast; Maroochydore DC Qld Australia
| | - R. Smullen
- Ridley Aqua-Feed Pty; Narangba Qld Australia
| | - J.P. Bowman
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture; University of Tasmania; Hobart Tas. Australia
| | - M. Katouli
- Genecology Research Centre; Faculty of Science, Health, Education and Engineering; University of the Sunshine Coast; Maroochydore DC Qld Australia
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Green TJ, Smullen R, Barnes AC. Dietary soybean protein concentrate-induced intestinal disorder in marine farmed Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar is associated with alterations in gut microbiota. Vet Microbiol 2013; 166:286-92. [PMID: 23810699 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2013.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2013] [Revised: 05/24/2013] [Accepted: 05/29/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The aquaculture industry has made substantial progress in reducing the fishmeal content of feeds for carnivorous species, driven by demand for improved sustainability and reduced cost. Soybean protein concentrate (SPC) is an attractive replacement for fishmeal, but intestinal disorders have been reported in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) fed these diets at high seawater temperatures, with preliminary evidence suggesting SPC induces these disorders by altering the intestinal microbiota. We compared the intestinal microbiota of marine-farmed S. salar fed experimental diets with varying levels of SPC in mid- and late-summer. Terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) and 16S rRNA clone library analysis revealed the microbiota adherent to the intestinal tract of salmon is complex at the population level, but simple and highly variable at the individual level. Temporal changes were observed with the bacterial diversity increasing in the intestinal tract in late summer. A Verrucomicrobia was the most frequently observed ribotype in early summer, whilst an Aliivibrio was the most frequently observed ribotype in late summer. Feeding SPC to salmon increased the bacterial diversity of the intestinal tract and resulted in the presence of bacteria not normally associated with marine fish (Escherichia and Propionibacterium). These diet-induced changes to the intestinal-microbiome could be ameliorated by inclusion of a prebiotic (mannan-oligosaccharide or MOS) to the diet. None of the experimental diets induced inflammation of the intestine as assessed by histopathology and expression of inflammatory cytokines. Our results support the "dysbiosis" hypothesis that SPC adversely affects the intestinal microbiota of Atlantic salmon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J Green
- The University of Queensland, School of Biological Sciences and Centre for Marine Science, Brisbane 4067, Australia
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Gatta PP, Thompson KD, Smullen R, Piva A, Test S, Adams A. Dietary organic chromium supplementation and its effect on the immune response of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Fish Shellfish Immunol 2001; 11:371-382. [PMID: 11478514 DOI: 10.1006/fsim.2000.0323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Recently, there has been an increasing interest in the potential effect of dietary chromium on the health of fish, particularly with respect to their metabolism and growth. Information as to the role of this mineral on their immune response, is limited however, so the aim of this study was to assess the effects of dietary chromium yeast supplementation on the immune response of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Juvenile rainbow trout (56 g average weight) were fed three semipurified diets containing different levels of chromium (1540, 2340 and 4110 ppb), obtained by supplementing a basal diet with 800 or 2570 ppb chromium yeast, for 6 weeks. After this, time differences in their immune response were examined. A positive influence was observed on serum lysozyme activity at this time in fish maintained on the high chromium diet. The respiratory burst of head-kidney macrophages was also examined, and statistical differences were found in the level of respiratory burst elicited by macrophages from both groups of fish fed supplemented chromium after 3 and 6 weeks of feeding (absorbance at 3 weeks: 0.118, 0.166. 0.151 and 6 weeks 0.114, 0.168, 0.151 for the 1540, 2340 and 4110 ppb groups). Macrophages of fish receiving diets supplemented with chromium also had a greater ability to phagocytose yeast after 6 weeks than the control fish (40.5, 48 and 48.5% macrophages phagocytic in the 1540, 2340 and 4110 ppb groups, respectively). The results of the study show that chromium yeast is able to modulate the immune response of rainbow trout, and this effect appears to be both dose- and time-dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- P P Gatta
- Dipartimento di Morfofisiologia Veterinaria e Produzioni Animali, Università degli Studi di Bologna, Italy
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