1
|
Bresser RA, Hofsteenge JW, Buijs GJ, van den Breemer CRG, Özcan M, Cune MS, Gresnigt MMM. Partial glass-ceramic posterior restorations with margins beyond or above the cemento-enamel junction: An observational retrospective clinical study. J Prosthodont Res 2024:JPR_D_23_00219. [PMID: 38684406 DOI: 10.2186/jpr.jpr_d_23_00219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE This observational retrospective clinical study aimed to investigate the survival and success rates of partial indirect lithium disilicate restorations with margins extending above or beyond the cementoenamel junction (CEJ). METHODS The study included patients who underwent partial indirect lithium disilicate restorations with immediate dentin sealing (IDS) between January 2008 and October 2018. All the restorations were placed in a single general dental practice following a standardized protocol. The impact of various predictive variables on the survival rates was assessed. Moreover, modified United States Public Health Service (USPHS) criteria were used to evaluate the survival quality. RESULTS Totally 1146 partial indirect lithium disilicate restorations in 260 patients were evaluated over an average period of 7.5 years. The cumulative survival and success rates were 97.3% and 95.3%, respectively. Margins extending beyond the cemento-enamel junction did not increase the risk of success or survival failure (P > 0.05). Patients with a high risk of caries, male sex, or non-vital teeth had a significantly higher risk of restoration failure (P < 0.05). Restorations with longer clinical service times exhibited marginally lower clinical quality (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Partial indirect glass-ceramic restorations demonstrated survival and success rates of 97.3% and 95.3%, respectively, over an extended period. However, a higher risk of restoration failure existed in patients with a high caries risk for (pre)molars that had undergone endodontic treatment and in males. In terms of the risk of success or survival failure, comparable results were obtained for the positions of the restoration margin in relation to the cemento-enamel junction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rijkje A Bresser
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Center for Dentistry and Oral Hygiene, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jelte W Hofsteenge
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Center for Dentistry and Oral Hygiene, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Gerrit J Buijs
- Buijs Tandartsen, Clinic for General Dentistry, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Carline R G van den Breemer
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Center for Dentistry and Oral Hygiene, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Mutlu Özcan
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Center for Dentistry and Oral Hygiene, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Groningen, The Netherlands
- University of Zurich, Center of Dental Medicine, Division of Dental Biomaterials, Clinic for Reconstructive Dentistry, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marco S Cune
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Center for Dentistry and Oral Hygiene, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Groningen, The Netherlands
- St. Antonius Hospital, Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, Prosthodontics and Special Dental Care, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands
| | - Marco M M Gresnigt
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Center for Dentistry and Oral Hygiene, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Martini Hospital, Department of Special Dental Care, Groningen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Durán Ojeda G, Bresser RA, Wendler M, Gresnigt MMM. Ceramic partial laminate veneers in anterior teeth: A literature review. J Prosthodont Res 2024; 68:246-254. [PMID: 37648480 DOI: 10.2186/jpr.jpr_d_23_00090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
STUDY SELECTION Partial laminate veneers, defined as small ceramic restorations adhesively luted onto unprepared anterior teeth, are an interesting and conservative alternative to conventional ceramic and composite resin veneers in the anterior region. This literature review aimed to summarize the available laboratory and clinical data on ceramic partial laminate veneers. An electronic search of the MEDLINE/PubMed, EBSCO, and Web of Science databases was conducted. The keywords used were "partial veneer," "partial laminate veneer," "ceramic fragment," and "sectional veneer." The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines were followed. The risk of bias in the included studies was assessed using the QUIN tool. RESULTS Of the 266 identified articles, only 16 met the inclusion criteria (ten clinical reports, five laboratory studies, and one retrospective clinical study). To date, no randomized controlled clinical trials have been conducted. Most laboratory studies displayed a low risk of bias, with partial laminate veneers rendering adequate strength and color stability. Clinical reports have shown large variability in material selection, luting, and finishing/polishing protocols. CONCLUSIONS Low-quality evidence is available for ceramic partial laminate veneers. Available data from laboratory studies suggest good mechanical and optical performances comparable to those of conventional ceramic and composite resin veneers. Further clinical studies with longer follow-up periods are warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gerardo Durán Ojeda
- University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Center for Dentistry and Oral Hygiene, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Arturo Prat, Iquique, Chile
| | - Rijkje A Bresser
- University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Center for Dentistry and Oral Hygiene, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Michael Wendler
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Marco M M Gresnigt
- University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Center for Dentistry and Oral Hygiene, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Arturo Prat, Iquique, Chile
- Martini Hospital, Department of Special Dental Care, Groningen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Bresser RA, Carvalho MA, Naves LZ, Melma H, Cune MS, Gresnigt MMM. Biomechanical behavior of molars restored with direct and indirect restorations in combination with deep margin elevation. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2024; 152:106459. [PMID: 38394767 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2024.106459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM The existing knowledge is insufficient for comprehending the fatigue survival and fracture resistance of molars that have deep approximal direct and indirect restorations, whether with or without deep margin elevation (DME). PURPOSE The aim of this laboratory and in silico study is to investigate the fatigue survival, fracture strength, failure pattern and tooth deformation of molars restored with DME in combination with a direct or indirect restoration. MATERIAL AND METHODS This study utilized 45 extracted sound human molars, divided into three groups (n = 15). Standardized 100% inter-cuspal inlay preparations were performed, extending 2 mm below the CEJ and immediate dentin sealing (IDS) was applied. Group 1 (Co_1) was restored with direct composite; Group 2 (Hyb_2) with a 2 mm DME of direct composite and a glass-ceramic lithium disilicate restoration; Group 3 (Cer_3) a glass-ceramic lithium disilicate restoration. All specimens were exposed to a fatigue process involving thermal-cyclic loading (50N for 1.2 × 106 cycles at 1.7 Hz, between 5 and 55 °C), if teeth survived, they were fractured using a load-to-failure test and failure types were analyzed. Finite element analysis (FEA) was conducted to assess tooth deformation and tensile stress in the restorations. Statistical evaluation of fracture strength was conducted using the Kruskal-Wallis test. Fisher's exact test was utilized to analyze the fracture types and repairability. A statistical significance level of α < 0.05 was set for all analyses. RESULTS All specimens successfully withstood the fatigue testing procedure, and no statistically significant differences in fracture strength were observed among the three groups (P > 0.05). The Fisher's exact test indicated a significant association between the restorative material and fracture type (F2 = 18.315, df = 2, P = 0.004), but also for repairability (F2 = 13.725, df = 2, P = 0.001). Crown-root fractures were significantly more common in the Cer_3 group compared to the Co_1 group (P = 0.001) and the Co_1 group had significantly more repairable fractures (F2 = 13.197, df = 2, P = 0.001). FEA revealed comparable outcomes of deformation among models and higher maximum tensile stress on models with higher frequency of catastrophic failures. CONCLUSIONS All tested restoration materials exhibited comparable fatigue survival and fracture strength in this laboratory and in silico study. However, it is important to recognize the potential for more severe and irreparable fractures when opting for deeply luted glass-ceramic inlay restorations in clinical practice. In such cases, it would be prudent to consider the alternative option being a direct composite approach, because of its more forgiving fracture types and repairability. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS Molars with deep approximal direct and indirect restorations, whether with or without DME, are comparable in their fatigue survival and fracture resistance to withstand intra-oral forces. Deep direct restorations exhibit more repairable fractures compared to deeply luted glass-ceramics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rijkje A Bresser
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Center for Dentistry and Oral Hygiene, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Groningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Marco A Carvalho
- Dental School, Evangelical University of Goias, Anapolis, Brazil
| | - Lucas Z Naves
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Center for Dentistry and Oral Hygiene, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - H Melma
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Center for Dentistry and Oral Hygiene, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Marco S Cune
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Center for Dentistry and Oral Hygiene, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Groningen, the Netherlands; St. Antonius Hospital Nieuwegein, Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, Prosthodontics and Special Dental Care, Nieuwegein, the Netherlands
| | - Marco M M Gresnigt
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Center for Dentistry and Oral Hygiene, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Groningen, the Netherlands; Martini Hospital, Department of Special Dental Care, Groningen, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Hofsteenge JW, Bresser RA, Buijs GJ, van der Made SA, Özcan M, Cune MS, Gresnigt MM. Clinical performance of bonded partial lithium disilicate restorations: The influence of preparation characteristics on survival and success. J Dent 2024; 142:104828. [PMID: 38159900 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2023.104828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of preparation characteristics on the survival, success, and clinical performance of partial indirect lithium disilicate restorations with immediate dentin sealing. METHODS This retrospective clinical study evaluated partial indirect lithium disilicate restorations placed in conjunction with Immediate Dentin Sealing (IDS) in (pre)molar teeth between March 2018 and May 2021. The restorations were luted using pre-heated composite. The study focused on survival, success, and clinical performance, which was evaluated using the modified United States Public Health Service (USPHS) criteria. Results were analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier estimates, log-rank tests, and Fisher exact tests. RESULTS Partial indirect lithium disilicate restorations (N = 454) were evaluated in 214 patients. The mean evaluation time was 37 months, with a cumulative survival rate of 99.2 % and a cumulative success rate of 97.6 %. Fourteen failures occurred, with endodontic pathology as the predominant failure mode, followed by secondary caries, debonding, and tooth fracture. No statistically significant influence of the preparation variables on survival and success was observed (p > .05). The short-term clinical performance was clinically acceptable in > 90 % of the evaluations. CONCLUSIONS This retrospective study on partial indirect lithium disilicate restorations in conjunction with IDS demonstrates survival and success rates of 99.2 and 96.7 % over a mean evaluation period of 37 months. A marked influence of the studied preparation characteristics on the survival, success and clinical performance of lithium disilicate partial restorations could not be demonstrated. Partial lithium disilicate restorations exhibit good clinical performance in >90 % of the cases. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The results of this study suggest that preparation characteristics had no significant impact on the survival, success, and clinical performance of partial lithium disilicate restorations in conjunction with IDS. Results show good clinical performance and high survival and success rates, regardless of preparation characteristics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jelte W Hofsteenge
- Center for Dentistry and Oral Hygiene, Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, Groningen, AV 9713, the Netherlands.
| | - Rijkje A Bresser
- Center for Dentistry and Oral Hygiene, Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, Groningen, AV 9713, the Netherlands
| | - Gerrit J Buijs
- Private Practice Buijs Tandartsen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | | | - Mutlu Özcan
- Center for Dentistry and Oral Hygiene, Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, Groningen, AV 9713, the Netherlands; Center of Dental Medicine, Division of Dental Biomaterials, Clinic for Reconstructive Dentistry, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marco S Cune
- Center for Dentistry and Oral Hygiene, Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, Groningen, AV 9713, the Netherlands; Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, Prosthodontics and Special Dental Care, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, the Netherlands
| | - Marco Mm Gresnigt
- Center for Dentistry and Oral Hygiene, Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, Groningen, AV 9713, the Netherlands; Department of Special Dental Care, Martini Hospital, Groningen, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Bresser RA, Hofsteenge JW, Wieringa TH, Braun PG, Cune MS, Özcan M, Gresnigt MMM. Clinical longevity of intracoronal restorations made of gold, lithium disilicate, leucite, and indirect resin composite: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Oral Investig 2023; 27:4877-4896. [PMID: 37597003 PMCID: PMC10492736 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-023-05050-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to assess the comparative clinical success and survival of intracoronal indirect restorations using gold, lithium disilicate, leucite, and indirect composite materials. MATERIAL AND METHODS This systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted following the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions and PRISMA guidelines. The protocol for this study was registered in PROSPERO (registration number: CRD42021233185). A comprehensive literature search was conducted across various databases and sources, including PubMed/Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, ClinicalTrials.gov, and gray literature. A total of 7826 articles were screened on title and abstract. Articles were not excluded based on the vitality of teeth, the language of the study, or the observation period. The risk difference was utilized for the analyses, and a random-effects model was applied. All analyses were conducted with a 95% confidence interval (95% CI). The calculated risk differences were derived from the combined data on restoration survival and failures obtained from each individual article. The presence of heterogeneity was assessed using the I2 statistic, and if present, the heterogeneity of the data in the articles was evaluated using the non-parametric chi-squared statistic (p < 0.05). RESULTS A total of 12 eligible studies were selected, which included 946 restorations evaluated over a minimum observation period of 1 year and a maximum observation period of 7 years. Results of the meta-analysis indicated that intracoronal indirect resin composite restorations have an 18% higher rate of failure when compared to intracoronal gold restorations over 5-7 years of clinical service (risk difference = - 0.18 [95% CI: - 0.27, - 0.09]; p = .0002; I2 = 0%). The meta-analysis examining the disparity in survival rates between intracoronal gold and leucite restorations could not be carried out due to methodological differences in the studies. CONCLUSIONS According to the currently available evidence, medium-quality data indicates that lithium disilicate and indirect composite materials demonstrate comparable survival rates in short-term follow-up. Furthermore, intracoronal gold restorations showed significantly higher survival rates, making them a preferred option over intracoronal indirect resin-composite restorations. Besides that, the analysis revealed no statistically significant difference in survival rates between leucite and indirect composite restorations. The short observation period, limited number of eligible articles, and low sample size of the included studies were significant limitations. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Bearing in mind the limitations of the reviewed literature, this systematic review and meta-analysis help clinicians make evidence-based decisions on how to restore biomechanically compromised posterior teeth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R A Bresser
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Biomaterials, Center for Dentistry and Oral Hygiene, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - J W Hofsteenge
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Biomaterials, Center for Dentistry and Oral Hygiene, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - T H Wieringa
- Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Medical Decision Making, Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - P G Braun
- Central Medical Library, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - M S Cune
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Biomaterials, Center for Dentistry and Oral Hygiene, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Prosthodontics and Special Dental Care, Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands
| | - M Özcan
- Clinic for Reconstructive Dentistry, Division of Dental Biomaterials, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - M M M Gresnigt
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Biomaterials, Center for Dentistry and Oral Hygiene, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Special Dental Care, Martini Hospital, Groningen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Bresser RA, Naves LZ, van der Made SAM, Cune MS, Gresnigt MMM. Deep margin elevation. A case report study. Int J Esthet Dent 2023; 18:142-160. [PMID: 37166769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Deep subgingival margins are a much-debated topic in adhesive and restorative dentistry. The hydrophobic trait of direct composite resin materials challenges the restorative procedure of cavities with deep subgingival margins since isolation is complicated. A correct indication for a deep margin elevation (DME) treatment is the key to its clinical success, and adequate adaptation of the DME is crucial to its clinical performance. An adequate adaptation of the DME may potentially reduce bacterial accumulation and reduce the incidence of secondary caries as well as maintain periodontal health. The present case report aims to provide a step-by-step overview of the DME technique when applied in combination with a partial indirect glass-ceramic restoration and also provides clinical guidelines to tackle deep subgingival cavities. The indication for a DME and the selection of appropriate materials are explained, supported by the literature.
Collapse
|
7
|
Bresser RA, van de Geer L, Gerdolle D, Schepke U, Cune MS, Gresnigt MMM. Influence of Deep Margin Elevation and preparation design on the fracture strength of indirectly restored molars. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2020; 110:103950. [PMID: 32957242 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2020.103950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The objectives of this in-vitro study were to investigate the influence of Deep Margin Elevation (DME) and the preparation design (cusp coverage) on the fracture strength and repairability of CAD/CAM manufactured lithium disilicate (LS2) restorations on molars. Sound extracted human molars (n = 60) were randomly divided into 4 groups (n = 15) (inlay without DME (InoD); inlay with DME (IWD); onlay without DME (OnoD); onlay with DME (OnWD)). All samples were aged (1.2 × 106 cycles of 50N, 8000 cycles of 5-55 °C) followed by oblique static loading until fracture. Fracture strength was measured in Newton and the fracture analysis was performed using a (scanning electron) microscope. Data was statistically analyzed using two-way ANOVA and contingency tables. DME did not affect the fracture strength of LS2 restorations to a statistically significant level (p = .15). Onlays were stronger compared to inlays (p = .00). DME and preparation design did not interact (p = .97). However, onlays with DME were significantly stronger than inlays without DME (p = .00). More repairable fractures were observed among inlays (p = .00). Catastrophic, crown-root fractures were more prevalent in onlays (p = .00). DME did not influence repairability of fractures or fracture types to a statistically significant level (p > .05). Within the limitations of this in-vitro study, DME did not statistical significantly affect the fracture strength, nor the fracture type or repairability of LS2 restorations in molars. Cusp coverage did increase the fracture strength. However, oblique forces necessary to fracture both inlays and onlays, either with or without DME, by far exceeded the bite forces that can be expected under physiological clinical conditions. Hence, both inlays and onlays are likely to be fracture resistant during clinical service.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R A Bresser
- University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Center for Dentistry and Oral Hygiene, Department of Restorative Dentistry and Biomaterials, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - L van de Geer
- University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Center for Dentistry and Oral Hygiene, Department of Restorative Dentistry and Biomaterials, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | | | - U Schepke
- University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Center for Dentistry and Oral Hygiene, Department of Restorative Dentistry and Biomaterials, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - M S Cune
- University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Center for Dentistry and Oral Hygiene, Department of Restorative Dentistry and Biomaterials, Groningen, the Netherlands; St. Antonius Hospital, Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, Prosthodontics and Special Dental Care, Nieuwegein, the Netherlands; University of Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, Prosthodontics and Special Dental Care, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - M M M Gresnigt
- University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Center for Dentistry and Oral Hygiene, Department of Restorative Dentistry and Biomaterials, Groningen, the Netherlands; Martini Hospital, Department of Special Dental Care, Groningen, the Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|