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Oberman LM, Leonard H, Downs J, Cianfaglione R, Stahlhut M, Larsen JL, Madden KV, Kaufmann WE. Rett Syndrome Behaviour Questionnaire in Children and Adults With Rett Syndrome: Psychometric Characterization and Revised Factor Structure. Am J Intellect Dev Disabil 2023; 128:237-253. [PMID: 37104862 DOI: 10.1352/1944-7558-128.3.237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Rett syndrome (RTT) is a severe neurodevelopmental disorder associated with multiple neurobehavioral abnormalities. The Rett Syndrome Behaviour Questionnaire (RSBQ) was developed for pediatric RTT observational studies. Because its application has expanded to adult and interventional studies, we evaluated the RSBQ's psychometric properties in six pediatric (n = 323) and five adult (n = 309) datasets. Total and General Mood subscale scores had good reliability. Clinical severity had no influence on RSBQ scores. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses yielded 6 pediatric and 7 adult clinically relevant and psychometrically strong factors including the original Breathing Problems and Fear/Anxiety subscales and the novel Emotional and Disruptive Behavior subscale composed of items from the original General Mood and Nighttime Behaviours subscales. The present findings support additional evaluations and improvements of an important RTT behavioral measure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay M Oberman
- Lindsay M. Oberman, Center for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, USA
| | - Helen Leonard
- Helen Leonard, Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Jenny Downs
- Jenny Downs, Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia and School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | | | - Michelle Stahlhut
- Michelle Stahlhut, Center for Rett Syndrome, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jane L Larsen
- Jane L. Larsen, Center for Rett Syndrome, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Walter E Kaufmann
- Walter E. Kaufmann, Anavex Life Sciences Corp. and Emory University School of Medicine, USA
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Shinde S, Cianfaglione R, Stuart B, Evans H, Hill C. Obstructive sleep apnea in Down syndrome: a meta-analysis and narrative review of surgical and non-surgical treatment outcomes. Sleep Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2022.05.540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Erdi-Krausz G, Rocha R, Brown A, Myneni A, Lennartsson F, Romsauerova A, Cianfaglione R, Edmonds CJ, Vollmer B. Corrigendum to "Neonatal hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy: Motor impairment beyond cerebral palsy" [Eur J Paediatr Neurol. 35 (2021) 74-81]. Eur J Paediatr Neurol 2022; 39:120. [PMID: 35644842 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpn.2022.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gergo Erdi-Krausz
- Clinical Neurosciences, Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, UK
| | - Ruben Rocha
- Centro Materno Infantil Do Norte, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Do Porto, Portugal
| | - Alice Brown
- Clinical Neurosciences, Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, UK
| | - Archana Myneni
- Clinical Neurosciences, Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, UK
| | - Finn Lennartsson
- Clinical Neurosciences, Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, UK; Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Diagnostic Radiology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Andrea Romsauerova
- Neuroradiology Department, University Hospital of Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - Rina Cianfaglione
- Clinical Neurosciences, Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, UK
| | - Caroline J Edmonds
- Clinical Neurosciences, Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, UK; School of Psychology, University of East London, London, UK
| | - Brigitte Vollmer
- Clinical Neurosciences, Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, UK; Neonatal and Paediatric Neurology, Southampton Children's Hospital, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK.
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Erdi-Krausz G, Rocha R, Brown A, Myneni A, Lennartsson F, Romsauerova A, Cianfaglione R, Edmonds CJ, Vollmer B. Neonatal hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy: Motor impairment beyond cerebral palsy. Eur J Paediatr Neurol 2021; 35:74-81. [PMID: 34666231 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpn.2021.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research investigating neuromotor function in the absence of cerebral palsy (CP) for children who had neonatal HIE is limited. AIMS To investigate school-age neurological and neuromotor function, and correlations with attention, neonatal Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), and neuromotor assessments at toddler age. METHODS Twenty-seven children with neonatal HIE without CP who underwent hypothermia treatment and a comparison group of 20 children were assessed at age 5-7 years for Minor Neurological Dysfunction (MND; simplified Touwen), motor skills (Movement Assessment Battery for Children-2; MABC-2), parental concern over motor function (MABC Checklist), general cognition (Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence-IV, WPPSI), and attention (DuPaul ADHD Rating Scale). Neurological examination and motor development, using Bayley-3 scales, at age 24-months was extracted from the clinical database. Clinical neonatal MRI was assessed for hypoxic-ischaemic injury. RESULTS In the HIE group, MND was more prevalent (p = 0.026) and M-ABC performance (total score p = 0.006; balance subtest p = 0.008) was worse; parents were more concerned about children's motor function (p = 0.011). HIE group inattention scores were higher (p = 0.032), which correlated with lower MABC-2 scores (rs = -0.590, p = 0.004). Neurological examination at 24-months correlated with MND (rs = 0.437, p = 0.033); Bayley-3 motor scores did not correlate with M-ABC-2 scores (rs = 368, p = 0.133). Neonatal MRI findings were not associated with school-age MND (rs = 0.140, p = 0.523) or MABC-2 (rs = 0.300, p = 0.165). CONCLUSIONS Children with neonatal HIE, without CP, treated with hypothermia may be more likely to develop MND and motor difficulties than typically developing peers. Inattention may contribute to motor performance. In the absence of CP, neonatal MRI and toddler age assessment of motor development have limited predictive value for school-age outcome. Since this was an exploratory study with a small sample size, findings should be confirmed by a definite larger study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gergo Erdi-Krausz
- Clinical Neurosciences, Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, UK
| | - Ruben Rocha
- Centro Materno Infantil do Norte, Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto, Portugal
| | - Alice Brown
- Clinical Neurosciences, Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, UK
| | - Archana Myneni
- Clinical Neurosciences, Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, UK
| | - Finn Lennartsson
- Clinical Neurosciences, Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, UK; Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Diagnostic Radiology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Andrea Romsauerova
- Neuroradiology Department, University Hospital of Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - Rina Cianfaglione
- Clinical Neurosciences, Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, UK
| | - Caroline J Edmonds
- Clinical Neurosciences, Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, UK; School of Psychology, University of East London, London, UK
| | - Brigitte Vollmer
- Clinical Neurosciences, Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, UK; Neonatal and Paediatric Neurology, Southampton Children's Hospital, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK.
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Edmonds CJ, Cianfaglione R, Cornforth C, Vollmer B. Children with neonatal Hypoxic Ischaemic Encephalopathy (HIE) treated with therapeutic hypothermia are not as school ready as their peers. Acta Paediatr 2021; 110:2756-2765. [PMID: 34160861 DOI: 10.1111/apa.16002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
AIM We aimed to determine whether children with neonatal Hypoxic Ischaemic Encephalopathy (HIE) treated with therapeutic hypothermia (TH) differ from their peers on measures of fine motor skills, executive function, language and general cognitive abilities, factors that are important for school readiness. METHODS We compared school readiness in 31children with HIE treated with TH (without Cerebral Palsy; mean age 5 years 4 months) with 20 typically developing children without HIE (mean age 5 years 6 months). RESULTS Children with HIE scored significantly lower than typically developing children on fine motor skills, executive functions, memory and language. CONCLUSION While general cognitive abilities and attainment were in the normal range, our findings suggest those scores mask specific underlying difficulties identified by more focussed assessments. Children with HIE treated with TH may not be as 'school ready' as their typically developing classmates and may benefit from long-term follow-up until starting school.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline J Edmonds
- School of Psychology University of East London London UK
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences Faculty of Medicine Southampton General Hospital University of Southampton Southampton UK
| | - Rina Cianfaglione
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences Faculty of Medicine Southampton General Hospital University of Southampton Southampton UK
| | - Christine Cornforth
- Harris Wellbeing of Women Research Centre Liverpool Women's Hospital University of Liverpool Liverpool UK
| | - Brigitte Vollmer
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences Faculty of Medicine Southampton General Hospital University of Southampton Southampton UK
- Paediatric and Neonatal Neurology Southampton Children’s Hospital University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust Southampton UK
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Oberman LM, Downs J, Cianfaglione R, Leonard H, Kaufmann WE. Assessment of a Clinical Trial Metric for Rett Syndrome: Critical Analysis of the Rett Syndrome Behaviour Questionnaire. Pediatr Neurol 2020; 111:4. [PMID: 32951657 DOI: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2020.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay M Oberman
- Center for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Jenny Downs
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Rina Cianfaglione
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Helen Leonard
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Walter E Kaufmann
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia; Anavex Life Sciences Corp, New York, New York.
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Adams D, Hastings RP, Alston-Knox C, Cianfaglione R, Eden K, Felce D, Griffith G, Moss J, Stinton C, Oliver C. Using Bayesian methodology to explore the profile of mental health and well-being in 646 mothers of children with 13 rare genetic syndromes in relation to mothers of children with autism. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2018; 13:185. [PMID: 30359268 PMCID: PMC6203267 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-018-0924-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is well documented that mothers of children with intellectual disabilities or autism experience elevated stress, with mental health compromised. However, comparatively little is known about mothers of children with rare genetic syndromes. This study describes mental health and well-being in mothers of children with 13 rare genetic syndromes and contrasts the results with mothers of children with autism. METHODS Mothers of children with 13 genetic syndromes (n = 646; Angelman, Cornelia de Lange, Down, Fragile-X, Phelan McDermid, Prader-Willi, Rett, Rubenstein Taybi, Smith Magenis, Soto, Tuberous Sclerosis Complex, 1p36 deletion and 8p23 deletion syndromes) and mothers of children with autism (n = 66) completed measures of positive mental health, stress and depression. Using Bayesian methodology, the influence of syndrome, child ability, and mother and child age were explored in relation to each outcome. Bayesian Model Averaging was used to explore maternal depression, positive gain and positive affect, and maternal stress was tested using an ordinal probit regression model. RESULTS Different child and mother factors influenced different aspects of mental well-being, and critically, the importance of these factors differed between syndromes. Maternal depression was influenced by child ability in only four syndromes, with the other syndromes reporting elevated or lower levels of maternal depression regardless of child factors. Maternal stress showed a more complex pattern of interaction with child ability, and for some groups, child age. Within positive mental health, mother and child age were more influential than child ability. Some syndromes reported comparable levels of depression (SMS, 1p36, CdLS) and stress (SMS, AS) to mothers of children with autism. CONCLUSIONS Bayesian methodology was used in a novel manner to explore factors that explain variability in mental health amongst mothers of children with rare genetic disorders. Significant proportions of mothers of children with specific genetic syndromes experienced levels of depression and stress similar to those reported by mothers of children with autism. Identifying such high-risk mothers allows for potential early intervention and the implementation of support structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawn Adams
- Cerebra Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT UK
- Autism Centre of Excellence, School of Education and Professional Studies, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Richard P Hastings
- Centre for Educational Development Appraisal and Research, University of Warwick, Warwick, UK
| | - Clair Alston-Knox
- Griffith Social and Behavioural Research College, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Rina Cianfaglione
- Welsh Centre for Learning Disabilities, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Kate Eden
- Cerebra Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT UK
| | - David Felce
- Welsh Centre for Learning Disabilities, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | | | - Jo Moss
- Cerebra Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT UK
| | - Chris Stinton
- Cerebra Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT UK
| | - Chris Oliver
- Cerebra Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT UK
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Cianfaglione R, Hastings RP, Felce D, Clarke A, Kerr MP. Change over a 16-month period in the psychological well-being of mothers of girls and women with Rett syndrome. Dev Neurorehabil 2017; 20:261-265. [PMID: 27019123 DOI: 10.3109/17518423.2016.1142483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE There is an emerging research literature on the experiences of family members of girls and women with Rett syndrome (RTT), but a lack of longitudinal data. METHODS Fifty mothers whose daughters had RTT were surveyed 16-17 months after an earlier cross-sectional study. Measures completed at both time points focused on maternal positive and negative psychological well-being and their daughters' behavioral and emotional problems and RTT behavioral phenotype severity. RESULTS Maternal stress, anxiety, and depression demonstrated at least moderate levels of stability. Maternal positive perceptions were also moderately stable over 16-17 months. Longitudinal analyses suggested that their daughters' behavioral and emotional problems rather than RTT behavioral phenotype severity predicted later maternal well-being. CONCLUSION Mothers with RTT daughters experience chronic stress (persisting over time) but also ongoing positive perceptions. Practitioners should recognize positive perceptions and also consider targeted behavioral parent training to reduce behavior problems in individuals with RTT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rina Cianfaglione
- a Welsh Centre for Learning Disabilities, Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences , Cardiff University , Cardiff , UK
| | - Richard P Hastings
- b Centre for Educational Development Appraisal and Research , University of Warwick , Coventry , UK
| | - David Felce
- a Welsh Centre for Learning Disabilities, Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences , Cardiff University , Cardiff , UK
| | - Angus Clarke
- c Institute of Cancer and Genetics , Cardiff University, Institute of Medical Genetics Building , Heath Park, Cardiff , UK
| | - Michael P Kerr
- a Welsh Centre for Learning Disabilities, Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences , Cardiff University , Cardiff , UK
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Cianfaglione R, Hastings RP, Felce D, Clarke A, Kerr MP. Psychological Well-Being of Mothers and Siblings in Families of Girls and Women with Rett Syndrome. J Autism Dev Disord 2016; 45:2939-46. [PMID: 25911307 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-015-2457-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Few published studies have reported on the psychological well-being of family members of individuals with Rett syndrome (RTT). Eighty-seven mothers of girls and women with RTT completed a questionnaire survey about their daughters' behavioral phenotype, current health, and behavior problems, and their own and a sibling's well-being. Mothers reported increased anxiety but similar levels of depression when compared to a normative sample. Across all problem domains on the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, child and adolescent siblings (n = 39) were reported by mothers to have fewer difficulties than a normative sample. The severity of their daughters' RTT behavioral phenotype predicted increased anxiety and stress for mothers. Increased RTT daughters' current health problems predicted more maternal perceptions of positive gain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rina Cianfaglione
- Welsh Centre for Learning Disabilities, Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, 2nd Floor Hadyn Ellis Building, Maindy Road, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ, UK
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Cianfaglione R, Meek A, Clarke A, Kerr M, Hastings RP, Felce D. Direct Observation of the Behaviour of Females with Rett Syndrome. J Dev Phys Disabil 2016; 28:425-441. [PMID: 27340365 PMCID: PMC4875940 DOI: 10.1007/s10882-016-9478-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The aim was to observe the behaviour of a sample of females with RTT and explore how it was organized in relation to environmental events. Ten participants, all with a less severe form of classic (n = 9) or atypical (n = 1) Rett syndrome (RTT), were filmed at home and at school or day centre. Analysis used real-time data capture software. Observational categories distinguished engagement in social and non-social pursuits, hand stereotypies, self-injury and the receipt of attention from a parent, teacher or carer. Associations between participant behaviour and intake variables and receipt of attention were explored. Concurrent and lagged conditional probabilities between behavioural categories and receipt of attention were calculated. Receipt of adult attention was high. Engagement in activity using the hands was associated with a less severe condition and greater developmental age. Engagement in activity, whether using the hands or not, and social engagement were positively associated with receipt of support. The extent of hand stereotypies varied greatly across participants but was independent of environmental events. Six participants self-injured. There was some evidence that self-injury was related to adult attention. Participants appeared to experience a carer and attention rich environment and their levels of engagement seemed high as a result. As in the more general literature, engagement in activity was related to personal development and to social support. Self-injury contrasted with hand stereotypies in having possible environmental function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rina Cianfaglione
- />Welsh Centre for Learning Disabilities, Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, 2nd floor Hadyn Ellis Building, Maindy Road, Cardiff, Wales CF24 4HQ UK
| | - Andrea Meek
- />Welsh Centre for Learning Disabilities, Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, 2nd floor Hadyn Ellis Building, Maindy Road, Cardiff, Wales CF24 4HQ UK
| | - Angus Clarke
- />Institute of Cancer & Genetics, Institute of Medical Genetics Building, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4XN UK
| | - Michael Kerr
- />Welsh Centre for Learning Disabilities, Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, 2nd floor Hadyn Ellis Building, Maindy Road, Cardiff, Wales CF24 4HQ UK
| | - Richard P. Hastings
- />Centre for Educational Development Appraisal and Research, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL UK
| | - David Felce
- />Welsh Centre for Learning Disabilities, Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, 2nd floor Hadyn Ellis Building, Maindy Road, Cardiff, Wales CF24 4HQ UK
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Cianfaglione R, Clarke A, Kerr M, Hastings RP, Oliver C, Felce D. Ageing in Rett syndrome. J Intellect Disabil Res 2016; 60:182-190. [PMID: 26373460 DOI: 10.1111/jir.12228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Revised: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/21/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim was to gain a UK national sample of people with Rett syndrome across the age range and (1) conduct a cross-sectional comparison of age groups and (2) undertake a longitudinal follow-up. METHODS From 308 potential participants approached to take part, a sample of 91 girls and women was achieved (29.5%). Their ages ranged from 4 to 47 years, and 71 were known to have a mutation in the methyl-CpG binding protein-2 (MECP2) gene. Seventy-two of the initial sample were followed up 16 months later, and 50 returned completed assessments (69.4%). Their ages ranged from 7 to 48 years, and 42 were MECP2 positive. Parental questionnaire measures of Rett syndrome specific characteristics, impulsivity, overactivity, mood, interest and pleasure, repetitive behaviour and self-injury were administered. RESULTS Adaptive behaviour and behavioural characteristics of Rett syndrome were similar across age groups and, where assessed, stable over time, as were repetitive behaviours generally and self-injury. There was some suggestion of deterioration in health arising with ageing, principally contributed to by deteriorations in dental and gastro-intestinal problems both with moderate effect sizes. Indicators of mood, interest and pleasure differed significantly across age groups. The total scale score significantly deteriorated over time, with a moderate effect size. CONCLUSIONS This study provides further evidence for the post-regression stability that characterises Rett syndrome. Emergent low mood in Rett syndrome requires further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Cianfaglione
- Welsh Centre for Learning Disabilities, Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - A Clarke
- Institute of Cancer and Genetics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - M Kerr
- Welsh Centre for Learning Disabilities, Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - R P Hastings
- Centre for Educational Development Appraisal and Research, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - C Oliver
- Cerebra Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - D Felce
- Welsh Centre for Learning Disabilities, Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
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Cianfaglione R, Clarke A, Kerr M, Hastings RP, Oliver C, Felce D. A national survey of Rett syndrome: Age, clinical characteristics, current abilities, and health. Am J Med Genet A 2015; 167:1493-500. [DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.37027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Accepted: 02/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rina Cianfaglione
- Welsh Centre for Learning Disabilities; Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences; Cardiff University; Cardiff UK
| | - Angus Clarke
- Institute of Cancer and Genetics; Institute of Medical Genetics Building; Cardiff University; Cardiff UK
| | - Mike Kerr
- Welsh Centre for Learning Disabilities; Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences; Cardiff University; Cardiff UK
| | - Richard P. Hastings
- Centre for Educational Development Appraisal and Research; University of Warwick; Coventry England
| | - Chris Oliver
- Cerebra Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders; School of Psychology; University of Birmingham; Birmingham UK
| | - David Felce
- Welsh Centre for Learning Disabilities; Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences; Cardiff University; Cardiff UK
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