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Chevallier MA, Fantuzzi E, Hajek M, Mayer S, Tanner R, Thomas DJ, Vanhavere F. Analysis of EURADOS neutron intercomparison results according to new ISO standards criteria. Radiat Prot Dosimetry 2023; 199:1729-1734. [PMID: 37819341 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncad003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
The European Radiation Dosimetry Group has carried out several different types of intercomparison (IC) exercises in the past that qualify as proficiency tests for different dosimetry systems and types of radiation. The first neutron dosemeter IC was held in 2012 (IC2012n) and was followed by a second in 2017/2018 (IC2017n). In sum, 31 Individual Monitoring Services (IMSs) entered 34 dosimetry systems in IC2012n, and 32 IMSs entered 33 dosimetry systems for IC2017n. Such exercises provided a rare opportunity to see how neutron dosemeters perform. For the IC2012n exercise, there were no applicable performance standards for neutron personal dosemeters. ISO/TC85/SC2 updated the ISO Standard 14146 in 2018 (ISO 14146:2018. Radiation protection-Criteria and performance limits for the periodic evaluation of dosimetry services) to include neutron dosimetry. It was thus possible to analyse the IC2017n exercise in accordance with the requirements given by this new standard. It is now of interest to reanalyse the results of IC2012n to quantify any modifications to the conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M-A Chevallier
- Dosimetry Research Department, Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, 92260 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - E Fantuzzi
- Radiation Protection Institute, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - M Hajek
- Division of Radiation, Transport and Waste Safety, International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), 1400 Vienna, Austria
| | - S Mayer
- Department of Radiation Safety and Security, Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - R Tanner
- Dosimetry Services Department, UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA), Didcot, Oxon OX11 0RQ, UK
| | - D J Thomas
- Nuclear Metrology Group, National Physical Laboratory (NPL), Teddington TW11 0LW, UK
| | - F Vanhavere
- Radiation Protection Dosimetry and Calibration, SCK-CEN, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, 2400 Mol, Belgium
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2
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Holmar J, Arund J, Adoberg A, Leis L, Luman M, Paats J, Pilt K, Tanner R, Fridolin I. Optical Real-Time Cardiorenal Toxin Uric Acid Measurement During Hemodialysis Using a Miniaturized Optical Sensor. Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 2023; 2023:1-4. [PMID: 38083248 DOI: 10.1109/embc40787.2023.10340379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are at higher cardiovascular risk than the general population. Cardiovascular diseases, vascular calcification among them, are the leading cause of death in these patients. Factors influencing vascular calcification are oxidative stress, inflammation, and accumulation of uremic toxins during CKD. Uric acid is a cardiorenal toxin that accumulates in the case of kidney malfunction. The primary therapy for replacing kidney function and removing toxins from end-stage renal disease patients is hemodialysis. Effective removal of toxins can be estimated by blood or dialysate lab analysis or optical monitoring. In this study, the authors tested a miniaturized optical sensor for monitoring uric acid levels and removal for the first time in a more extensive clinical study, including Hemodialysis (HD) and Post-dilutional online hemodiafiltration (HDF) procedures with different settings in Tallinn, Estonia. The results (Mean±SD, Lab vs. Sensor) of the uric acid concentration 57.20±34.05 vs. 57.22±33.09 µmol/L, reduction ratio 68.72±10.91 vs. 67.89±12.48 %, and total removed amount 7.00±2.10 vs. 7.33±2.29 mmol did not differ significantly from the values obtained from the clinical laboratory (p<0.05).Clinical Relevance-During this study, a miniaturized optical sensor was tested for the first time in the clinic in different dialysis settings. The results confirm that the sensor is reliable for regularly monitoring cardiorenal toxin uric acid removal during hemodialysis.
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3
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Eakins J, Abdelrahman M, Hager L, Jansen JTM, Kouroukla E, Lombardo P, Tanner R, Vanhavere F, Van Hoey O. Virtual estimation of effective dose in neutron fields. J Radiol Prot 2021; 41:360-383. [PMID: 33784644 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6498/abf3b0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The PODIUM project aims to provide real-time assessments of occupationally exposed workers by tracking their motion and combining this with a simulation of the radiation field. The present work describes the approach that would be taken in mixed neutron-gamma fields, and details the methods for generating and applying an effective dose rate map; the required fluence to effective dose conversion coefficients at intercardinal angles are also presented. A proof-of-concept of the approach is demonstrated using a simple simulated workplace field within a calibration laboratory, with corroborative comparisons made against survey instrument measurements generally confirming good agreement. Simulated tracking of an individual within the facility was performed, recording a 1.25μSv total effective dose and accounting for dose rates as low as 0.5 nSv h-1, which is much lower than anything that could be accurately measured by physical neutron dosemeters in such a field.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Eakins
- Public Health England (PHE) CRCE, Didcot, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - M Abdelrahman
- Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK CEN), Mol, Belgium
| | - L Hager
- Public Health England (PHE) CRCE, Didcot, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - J T M Jansen
- Public Health England (PHE) CRCE, Didcot, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - E Kouroukla
- Public Health England (PHE) CRCE, Didcot, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - P Lombardo
- Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK CEN), Mol, Belgium
| | - R Tanner
- Public Health England (PHE) CRCE, Didcot, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - F Vanhavere
- Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK CEN), Mol, Belgium
| | - O Van Hoey
- Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK CEN), Mol, Belgium
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4
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Harrison RM, Ainsbury E, Alves J, Bottollier-Depois JF, Breustedt B, Caresana M, Clairand I, Fantuzzi E, Fattibene P, Gilvin P, Hupe O, Knežević Ž, Lopez MA, Olko P, Olšovcová V, Rabus H, Rühm W, Silari M, Stolarczyk L, Tanner R, Vanhavere F, Vargas A, Woda C. EURADOS STRATEGIC RESEARCH AGENDA 2020: VISION FOR THE DOSIMETRY OF IONISING RADIATION. Radiat Prot Dosimetry 2021; 194:42-56. [PMID: 33989429 PMCID: PMC8165425 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncab063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Since 2012, the European Radiation Dosimetry Group (EURADOS) has developed its Strategic Research Agenda (SRA), which contributes to the identification of future research needs in radiation dosimetry in Europe. Continued scientific developments in this field necessitate regular updates and, consequently, this paper summarises the latest revision of the SRA, with input regarding the state of the art and vision for the future contributed by EURADOS Working Groups and through a stakeholder workshop. Five visions define key issues in dosimetry research that are considered important over at least the next decade. They include scientific objectives and developments in (i) updated fundamental dose concepts and quantities, (ii) improved radiation risk estimates deduced from epidemiological cohorts, (iii) efficient dose assessment for radiological emergencies, (iv) integrated personalised dosimetry in medical applications and (v) improved radiation protection of workers and the public. This SRA will be used as a guideline for future activities of EURADOS Working Groups but can also be used as guidance for research in radiation dosimetry by the wider community. It will also be used as input for a general European research roadmap for radiation protection, following similar previous contributions to the European Joint Programme for the Integration of Radiation Protection Research, under the Horizon 2020 programme (CONCERT). The full version of the SRA is available as a EURADOS report (www.eurados.org).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - E Ainsbury
- Public Health England, Chilton, Didcot, UK
| | - J Alves
- Instituto Superior Técnico (IST), CTN, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - J-F Bottollier-Depois
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), Fontenay-aux-Roses Cedex, France
| | - B Breustedt
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | | | - I Clairand
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), Fontenay-aux-Roses Cedex, France
| | - E Fantuzzi
- ENEA - Radiation Protection Institute, Bologna, Italy
| | - P Fattibene
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità (ISS), Rome, Italy
| | - P Gilvin
- Public Health England, Chilton, Didcot, UK
| | - O Hupe
- Physikalisch Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Braunschweig and Berlin, Germany
| | - Ž Knežević
- Ruđer Bošković Institute (RBI), Zagreb, Croatia
| | - M A Lopez
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Madrid, Spain
| | - P Olko
- Instytut Fizyki Jądrowej Polskiej Akademii Nauk (IFJ PAN), Kraków, Poland
| | - V Olšovcová
- ELI Beamlines, Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolní Břežany, Czech Republic
| | - H Rabus
- Physikalisch Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Braunschweig and Berlin, Germany
| | - W Rühm
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - M Silari
- CERN, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | - L Stolarczyk
- Danish Centre for Particle Therapy, Aarhus, Denmark
- Instytut Fizyki Jądrowej Polskiej Akademii Nauk (IFJ PAN), Kraków, Poland
| | - R Tanner
- Public Health England, Chilton, Didcot, UK
| | - F Vanhavere
- Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK-CEN), Mol, Belgium
| | - A Vargas
- Institute of Energy Technologies, Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - C Woda
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Neuherberg, Germany
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Paats J, Adoberg A, Arund J, Fridolin I, Lauri K, Leis L, Pilt K, Tanner R, Luman M. MO660INTERRELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PROTEIN BOUND UREMIC TOXIN INDOXYL SULFATE CONCENTRATION IN BLOOD AND SPENT DIALYSATE DURING HEMODIALYSIS TREATMENT. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfab099.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background and Aims
Indoxyl sulfate (IS) is a representative of the protein-bound uremic retention solutes [1]. Among CKD patients, high serum levels of IS are associated with high cardiovascular and all-cause mortality – IS is linked to cardiovascular outcomes, induces acceleration of atherosclerosis and abnormal bone metabolism [2,3]. Optical monitoring of the uremic marker molecules in the spent dialysate has been proposed [4] to estimate on-line concentration and removal of uremic toxins, allowing to assess total removed solute and removal rate of uremic toxins. Although several studies have been published covering the on-line optical monitoring of the spent dialysate, there is scarce knowledge about relation between spent dialysate and blood concentrations for protein-bound uremic solutes.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between protein bound uremic toxin IS concentration in blood and spent dialysate during hemodialysis (HD) and hemodiafiltration (HDF) with different treatment settings, with the potential of evaluating uremic toxins’ levels in blood by assessing uremic toxins’ concentration in spent dialysate.
Method
22 ESKD patients (16 male and 8 female, 55±17 years) on chronic HDF were enrolled into the study (fistula N=15, graft N=7). For each patient 4 midweek dialysis sessions (length 240min, HD: N=1, Qb=200ml/min, Qd=300ml/min, 1,5m2; HDF: N=3, median (interquartile range) Qb = 298 (296-356) ml/min, Qd= 795 (500-800) ml/min, Vsubst = 21.8 (15-24.5) L, 1,8m2 and 2,2m2) were included. During each dialysis session, blood samples were taken at 0 min (start) and 240 min from the arterial blood line, and dialysate samples were taken at 7 min and 240 min from the outlet of the dialysis machine. After sample processing, serum total, serum free and spent dialysate IS concentrations were determined by HPLC. Regression analysis was carried out.
Results
Median (interquartile range) IS concentrations in blood were 10.02 (6.68 - 14.68) µmol/L for free IS, 101.33 (56.99- 125.66) µmol/L for total IS, and 3.74 (2.35- 5.93) µmol/L in dialysate at the beginning of dialysis, and 6.07 (3.58- 9.00) µmol/L, 56.70 (28.91-80.67) µmol/L, 1.94 (1.15-2.98) µmol/L at the end of dialysis, respectively. There was a strong correlation between IS concentration in blood and dialysate at the beginning and at the end of dialysis even without data normalization by treatment settings (Fig. 1), with the strongest correlation between free IS concentration and IS in dialysate at 240 min (R2 = 0,976) and at the beginning of dialysis (R2 = 0,962).
The reason for the higher correlation between free IS in blood and IS in dialysate is that only protein non-bound fraction of IS is available for removal by dialysis from blood into dialysate.
Conclusion
There is a strong correlation between IS concentrations in blood and dialysate with different treatment settings during whole dialysis. Assessment of protein bound uremic toxins’ concentration in the spent dialysate by optical sensor could thus also provide information about the concentration of uremic toxins in blood.
[1] Vanholder et al 2018; [2] Yamamoto et al 2020; [3] Barreto et al 2009; [4] Lauri et al 2019;
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Affiliation(s)
- Joosep Paats
- Tallinn University of Technology, Department of Health Technologies, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Annika Adoberg
- North Estonia Medical Centre, Centre of Nephrology, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Jürgen Arund
- Tallinn University of Technology, Department of Health Technologies, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Ivo Fridolin
- Tallinn University of Technology, Department of Health Technologies, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Kai Lauri
- Tallinn University of Technology, Department of Health Technologies, Tallinn, Estonia
- SYNLAB Eesti OÜ, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Liisi Leis
- North Estonia Medical Centre, Centre of Nephrology, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Kristjan Pilt
- Tallinn University of Technology, Department of Health Technologies, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Risto Tanner
- Tallinn University of Technology, Department of Health Technologies, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Merike Luman
- Tallinn University of Technology, Department of Health Technologies, Tallinn, Estonia
- North Estonia Medical Centre, Centre of Nephrology, Tallinn, Estonia
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6
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Paats J, Adoberg A, Arund J, Fridolin I, Lauri K, Leis L, Luman M, Tanner R. Optical Method and Biochemical Source for the Assessment of the Middle-Molecule Uremic Toxin β2-Microglobulin in Spent Dialysate. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:toxins13040255. [PMID: 33807387 PMCID: PMC8067283 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13040255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Optical monitoring of spent dialysate has been used to estimate the removal of water-soluble low molecular weight as well as protein-bound uremic toxins from the blood of end stage kidney disease (ESKD) patients. The aim of this work was to develop an optical method to estimate the removal of β2-microglobulin (β2M), a marker of middle molecule (MM) uremic toxins, during hemodialysis (HD) treatment. Ultraviolet (UV) and fluorescence spectra of dialysate samples were recorded from 88 dialysis sessions of 22 ESKD patients, receiving four different settings of dialysis treatments. Stepwise regression was used to obtain the best model for the assessment of β2M concentration in the spent dialysate. The correlation coefficient 0.958 and an accuracy of 0.000 ± 0.304 mg/L was achieved between laboratory and optically estimated β2M concentrations in spent dialysate for the entire cohort. Optically and laboratory estimated reduction ratio (RR) and total removed solute (TRS) of β2M were not statistically different (p > 0.35). Dialytic elimination of MM uremic toxin β2M can be followed optically during dialysis treatment of ESKD patients. The main contributors to the optical signal of the MM fraction in the spent dialysate were provisionally identified as tryptophan (Trp) in small peptides and proteins, and advanced glycation end-products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joosep Paats
- Department of Health Technologies, Tallinn University of Technology, 19086 Tallinn, Estonia; (J.A.); (I.F.); (K.L.); (M.L.); (R.T.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Annika Adoberg
- Centre of Nephrology, North Estonia Medical Centre, 13419 Tallinn, Estonia; (A.A.); (L.L.)
| | - Jürgen Arund
- Department of Health Technologies, Tallinn University of Technology, 19086 Tallinn, Estonia; (J.A.); (I.F.); (K.L.); (M.L.); (R.T.)
| | - Ivo Fridolin
- Department of Health Technologies, Tallinn University of Technology, 19086 Tallinn, Estonia; (J.A.); (I.F.); (K.L.); (M.L.); (R.T.)
| | - Kai Lauri
- Department of Health Technologies, Tallinn University of Technology, 19086 Tallinn, Estonia; (J.A.); (I.F.); (K.L.); (M.L.); (R.T.)
- SYNLAB Eesti OÜ, 10138 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Liisi Leis
- Centre of Nephrology, North Estonia Medical Centre, 13419 Tallinn, Estonia; (A.A.); (L.L.)
| | - Merike Luman
- Department of Health Technologies, Tallinn University of Technology, 19086 Tallinn, Estonia; (J.A.); (I.F.); (K.L.); (M.L.); (R.T.)
- Centre of Nephrology, North Estonia Medical Centre, 13419 Tallinn, Estonia; (A.A.); (L.L.)
| | - Risto Tanner
- Department of Health Technologies, Tallinn University of Technology, 19086 Tallinn, Estonia; (J.A.); (I.F.); (K.L.); (M.L.); (R.T.)
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Rabus H, Gómez-Ros JM, Villagrasa C, Eakins J, Vrba T, Blideanu V, Zankl M, Tanner R, Struelens L, Brkić H, Domingo C, Baiocco G, Caccia B, Huet C, Ferrari P. Quality assurance for the use of computational methods in dosimetry: activities of EURADOS Working Group 6 'Computational Dosimetry'. J Radiol Prot 2021; 41:46-58. [PMID: 33406511 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6498/abd914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Working Group (WG) 6 'Computational Dosimetry' of the European Radiation Dosimetry Group promotes good practice in the application of computational methods for radiation dosimetry in radiation protection and the medical use of ionising radiation. Its cross-sectional activities within the association cover a large range of current topics in radiation dosimetry, including more fundamental studies of radiation effects in complex systems. In addition, WG 6 also performs scientific research and development as well as knowledge transfer activities, such as training courses. Monte Carlo techniques, including the use of anthropomorphic and other numerical phantoms based on voxelised geometrical models, play a strong part in the activities pursued in WG 6. However, other aspects and techniques, such as neutron spectra unfolding, have an important role as well. A number of intercomparison exercises have been carried out in the past to provide information on the accuracy with which computational methods are applied and whether best practice is being followed. Within the exercises that are still ongoing, the focus has changed towards assessing the uncertainty that can be achieved with these computational methods. Furthermore, the future strategy of WG 6 also includes an extension of the scope toward experimental benchmark activities and evaluation of cross-sections and algorithms, with the vision of establishing a gold standard for Monte Carlo methods used in medical and radiobiological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Rabus
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Abbestrasse 2-12, 10587 Berlin, Germany
| | - J M Gómez-Ros
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Madrid, Spain
| | - C Villagrasa
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - J Eakins
- Public Health England (PHE), Didcot, United Kingdom
| | - T Vrba
- Czech Technical University in Prague (CTU), Prague, Czech Republic
| | - V Blideanu
- Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives (CEA), Saclay, France
| | - M Zankl
- Helmholtz Zentrum München German Research Center for Environmental Health (HMGU), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - R Tanner
- Public Health England (PHE), Didcot, United Kingdom
| | - L Struelens
- Belgian Nuclear Research Center (SCK·CEN), Mol, Belgium
| | - H Brkić
- J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek (MEFOS), Osijek, Croatia
| | - C Domingo
- Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - G Baiocco
- Physics Department, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - B Caccia
- National Institute of Health (ISS), Rome, Italy
| | - C Huet
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - P Ferrari
- National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), Bologna, Italy
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Rühm W, Ainsbury E, Breustedt B, Caresana M, Gilvin P, Knežević Ž, Rabus H, Stolarczyk L, Vargas A, Bottollier-Depois J, Harrison R, Lopez M, Stadtmann H, Tanner R, Vanhavere F, Woda C, Clairand I, Fantuzzi E, Fattibene P, Hupe O, Olko P, Olšovcová V, Schuhmacher H, Alves J, Miljanic S. The European radiation dosimetry group – Review of recent scientific achievements. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2019.108514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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9
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Alves JG, Fantuzzi E, Rühm W, Gilvin P, Vargas A, Tanner R, Rabus H, Lopez MA, Breustedt B, Harrison R, Stolarczyk L, Fattibene P, Woda C, Caresana M, Knežević Ž, Bottollier-Depois JF, Clairand I, Mayer S, Miljanic S, Olko P, Schuhmacher H, Stadtmann H, Vanhavere F. EURADOS education and training activities. J Radiol Prot 2019; 39:R37-R50. [PMID: 31307030 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6498/ab3256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This paper provides a summary of the Education and Training (E&T) activities that have been developed and organised by the European Radiation Dosimetry Group (EURADOS) in recent years and in the case of Training Courses over the last decade. These E&T actions include short duration Training Courses on well-established topics organised within the activity of EURADOS Working Groups (WGs), or one-day events integrated in the EURADOS Annual Meeting (workshops, winter schools, the intercomparison participants' sessions and the learning network, among others). Moreover, EURADOS has recently established a Young Scientist Grant and a Young Scientist Award. The Grant supports young scientists by encouraging them to perform research projects at other laboratories of the EURADOS network. The Award is given in recognition of excellent work developed within the WGs' work programme. Additionally, EURADOS supports the dissemination of knowledge in radiation dosimetry by promoting and endorsing conferences such as the individual monitoring (IM) series, the neutron and ion dosimetry symposia (NEUDOS) and contributions to E&T sessions at specific events.
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Affiliation(s)
- J G Alves
- EURADOS, EURADOS e.V. Postfach 1129, D-85758 Neuherberg, Germany. Universidade de Lisboa (UL), Instituto Superior Técnico (IST), Laboratório de Proteção e Segurança Radiológica (LPSR), Estrada Nacional 10, 2695-066 Bobadela LRS, Portugal. Departamento de Engenharia e Ciências Nucleares (DECN), Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares (C2TN), do IST, Portugal
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10
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Rühm W, Bottollier-Depois JF, Gilvin P, Harrison R, Knežević Ž, Lopez MA, Tanner R, Vargas A, Woda C. The work programme of EURADOS on internal and external dosimetry. Ann ICRP 2018; 47:20-34. [PMID: 29664324 DOI: 10.1177/0146645318756224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Since the early 1980s, the European Radiation Dosimetry Group (EURADOS) has been maintaining a network of institutions interested in the dosimetry of ionising radiation. As of 2017, this network includes more than 70 institutions (research centres, dosimetry services, university institutes, etc.), and the EURADOS database lists more than 500 scientists who contribute to the EURADOS mission, which is to promote research and technical development in dosimetry and its implementation into practice, and to contribute to harmonisation of dosimetry in Europe and its conformance with international practices. The EURADOS working programme is organised into eight working groups dealing with environmental, computational, internal, and retrospective dosimetry; dosimetry in medical imaging; dosimetry in radiotherapy; dosimetry in high-energy radiation fields; and harmonisation of individual monitoring. Results are published as freely available EURADOS reports and in the peer-reviewed scientific literature. Moreover, EURADOS organises winter schools and training courses on various aspects relevant for radiation dosimetry, and formulates the strategic research needs in dosimetry important for Europe. This paper gives an overview on the most important EURADOS activities. More details can be found at www.eurados.org .
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Affiliation(s)
- W Rühm
- a Department of Radiation Sciences, Institute for Radiation Protection, Helmholtz Centre Munich, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - M A Lopez
- f Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, Spain
| | | | - A Vargas
- g Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Spain
| | - C Woda
- a Department of Radiation Sciences, Institute for Radiation Protection, Helmholtz Centre Munich, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
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11
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Kalle S, Tanner R, Luman M, Fridolin I. Free Pentosidine Assessment Based on Fluorescence Measurements in Spent Dialysate. Blood Purif 2018; 47:85-93. [PMID: 30253381 DOI: 10.1159/000493522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to primarily explore the relationship between free pentosidine and the fluorescence properties of spent dialysate, and also to develop a model to assess the levels of free pentosidine in spent dialysate based on the fluorescence measurements. First, 40 patients (20 females and 20 males) were examined during 40 dialysis sessions. High-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to measure the free pentosidine concentrations from the spent dialysate. The full fluorescence spectra of the spent dialysates were recorded and single- and multi-wavelength (MW) models were developed. The average free pentosidine concentrations in the spent dialysate measured by HPLC at the start and end of the dialysis session were (mean ± SD) 4.25 ± 3.11 and 0.94 ± 0.69 μg/L respectively. The removal ratios (RRs) between RR_lab and RR_MW were statistically similar (p > 0.2). The concentration of free pentosidine and the RR can therefore be estimated from the spent dialysate when utilising fluorescence measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sigrid Kalle
- Department of Health Technologies, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn,
| | - Risto Tanner
- Department of Health Technologies, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Merike Luman
- Department of Health Technologies, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia.,North Estonia Medical Centre, Centre of Nephrology, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Ivo Fridolin
- Department of Health Technologies, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia
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12
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Abstract
Purpose The aim of this study was to investigate uremia-related high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) ultraviolet (UV) absorbance profiles of serum and spent dialysate and to study the removal of uremic retention solutes in connection with optical dialysis adequacy monitoring. Methods 10 uremic patients were investigated using online spectrophotometry at a wavelength of 280 nm over the course of 30 hemodialysis treatments. The dialysate and blood samples were taken and analyzed simultaneously using standard biochemical methods and reversed-phase HPLC. Filters with cutoff at 3 kDa and 70 kDa were used for the pre-treatment of the serum. The chromatographic peaks were detected by a UV detector at wavelengths of 254 and 280 nm. Results This study indicated that the main solute responsible for UV absorbance in the spent dialysate is a low-molecular-weight, water-soluble, non-protein-bound compound uric acid (UA). Three additional uremic retention solutes – creatinine (CR), indoxyl sulphate (IS) and hippuric acid (HA) – were identified from the HPLC profiles. The number of detected HPLC peaks was not significantly different for a serum filtered through the 3 kDa or 70 kDa cutoff filters, and was lower for the spent dialysate, indicating that the molecular weight (MW) of the main UV chromophores in the uremic fluids did not exceed 3 kDa. The reduction ratio (RR) estimated by the total area of HPLC peaks at 254 nm and 280 nm in the serum and by the online UV absorbance at 280 nm was best related to the removal of small water-soluble non-protein bound solutes like urea (UR), CR and UA. Conclusions The present study contributes new information on the removal of uremic retention solutes during hemodialysis and on the origin of the optical dialysis adequacy monitoring signal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Lauri
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technomedicum, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn
| | - Risto Tanner
- Laboratory of Chemical Physics, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Tallinn
| | - Jana Jerotskaja
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technomedicum, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn
| | - Merike Luman
- Department of Dialysis and Nephrology, North Estonia Medical Centre, Tallinn - Estonia
| | - Ivo Fridolin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technomedicum, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn
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Kalle S, Tanner R, Fridolin I, Luman M. MP320ASSOCIATION BETWEEN SKIN AUTOFLUORESCENCE AND FLUORESCENCE OF SPENT DIALYSATE. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfx168.mp320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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14
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Branquart E, Brundu G, Buholzer S, Chapman D, Ehret P, Fried G, Starfinger U, van Valkenburg J, Tanner R. A prioritization process for invasive alien plant species incorporating the requirements of EU Regulation no. 1143/2014. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/epp.12336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E. Branquart
- Invasive Species Unit; Service Public de Wallonie; Gembloux Belgium
| | - G. Brundu
- University of Sassari; Sassari Italy
| | - S. Buholzer
- Agroscope Institute for Sustainability Sciences; Zurich Switzerland
| | - D. Chapman
- NERC Centre for Ecology and Hydrology; Edinburgh UK
| | - P. Ehret
- Ministry of Agriculture; National Plant Protection Organization; Montpellier Cedex 2 France
| | - G. Fried
- Anses, Laboratoire de la Santé des Végétaux; Unité Entomologie et Plantes Invasives; Montferrier-sur-Lez Cedex France
| | - U. Starfinger
- Julius Kühn Institut (JKI); Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants; Institute for National and International Plant Health; Braunschweig Germany
| | | | - R. Tanner
- European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization; Paris France
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Chevallier MA, Fantuzzi E, Cruz-Suarez R, Luszik-Bhadra M, Mayer S, Thomas DJ, Tanner R, Vanhavere F. EURADOS IC2012N: FURTHER INFORMATION DERIVED FROM AN EURADOS INTERNATIONAL COMPARISON OF NEUTRON PERSONAL DOSEMETERS. Radiat Prot Dosimetry 2016; 170:78-81. [PMID: 26715777 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncv518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In 2012, the European Radiation Dosimetry Group (EURADOS) performed an intercomparison for neutron dosemeters that are intended to measure personal dose equivalent, Hp(10). A total of 31 participants registered with 34 dosimetry systems. The irradiation tests were chosen to provide the participants with useful information on their dosimetry systems, i.e. linearity, reproducibility, responses for different energies and angles and to simulated workplace fields. This paper gives details of the extensive information derived from the exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- M-A Chevallier
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), BP 17, 31 avenue de la Division Leclerc, Fontenay-aux-Roses 92260, France
| | - E Fantuzzi
- ENEA-Radiation Protection Institute, via dei Colli, 16, Bologna 40136, Italy
| | | | - M Luszik-Bhadra
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Bundesallee 100, Braunschweig D-38116, Germany
| | - S Mayer
- Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), Villigen PSI CH-5232, Switzerland
| | - D J Thomas
- National Physical Laboratory (NPL), Hampton Road, Teddington TW11 0LW, UK
| | - R Tanner
- Public Health England, CRCE, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0RQ, UK
| | - F Vanhavere
- SCK-CEN, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, Boeretang 200, Mol 2400, Belgium
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16
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Arund J, Luman M, Uhlin F, Tanner R, Fridolin I. Is Fluorescence Valid to Monitor Removal of Protein Bound Uremic Solutes in Dialysis? PLoS One 2016; 11:e0156541. [PMID: 27228162 PMCID: PMC4882071 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0156541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the contribution and removal dynamics of the main fluorophores during dialysis by analyzing the spent dialysate samples to prove the hypothesis whether the fluorescence of spent dialysate can be utilized for monitoring removal of any of the protein bound uremic solute. A high performance liquid chromatography system was used to separate and quantify fluorophoric solutes in the spent dialysate sampled at the start and the end of 99 dialysis sessions, including 57 hemodialysis and 42 hemodiafiltration treatments. Fluorescence was acquired at excitation 280 nm and emission 360 nm. The main fluorophores found in samples were identified as indole derivatives: tryptophan, indoxyl glucuronide, indoxyl sulfate, 5-hydroxy-indoleacetic acid, indoleacetyl glutamine, and indoleacetic acid. The highest contribution (35 ± 11%) was found to arise from indoxyl sulfate. Strong correlation between contribution values at the start and end of dialysis (R2 = 0.90) indicated to the stable contribution during the course of the dialysis. The reduction ratio of indoxyl sulfate was very close to the decrease of the total fluorescence signal of the spent dialysate (49 ± 14% vs 51 ± 13% respectively, P = 0.30, N = 99) and there was strong correlation between these reduction ratio values (R2 = 0.86). On-line fluorescence measurements were carried out to illustrate the technological possibility for real-time dialysis fluorescence monitoring reflecting the removal of the main fluorophores from blood into spent dialysate. In summary, since a predominant part of the fluorescence signal at excitation 280 nm and emission 360 nm in the spent dialysate originates from protein bound derivatives of indoles, metabolites of tryptophan and indole, the fluorescence signal at this wavelength region has high potential to be utilized for monitoring the removal of slowly dialyzed uremic toxin indoxyl sulfate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen Arund
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technomedicum, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia
- * E-mail:
| | - Merike Luman
- Department of Dialysis and Nephrology, North Estonia Medical Centre, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Fredrik Uhlin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technomedicum, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia
- Department of Nephrology, Region Östergötland, and Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Risto Tanner
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technomedicum, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Ivo Fridolin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technomedicum, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia
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17
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Rühm W, Fantuzzi E, Harrison R, Schuhmacher H, Vanhavere F, Alves J, Bottollier Depois JF, Fattibene P, Knežević Ž, Lopez MA, Mayer S, Miljanić S, Neumaier S, Olko P, Stadtmann H, Tanner R, Woda C. EURADOS strategic research agenda: vision for dosimetry of ionising radiation. Radiat Prot Dosimetry 2016; 168:223-34. [PMID: 25752758 PMCID: PMC4884873 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncv018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Revised: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Since autumn 2012, the European Radiation Dosimetry Group (EURADOS) has been developing its Strategic Research Agenda (SRA), which is intended to contribute to the identification of future research needs in radiation dosimetry in Europe. The present article summarises-based on input from EURADOS Working Groups (WGs) and Voting Members-five visions in dosimetry and defines key issues in dosimetry research that are considered important for the next decades. The five visions include scientific developments required towards (a) updated fundamental dose concepts and quantities, (b) improved radiation risk estimates deduced from epidemiological cohorts, (c) efficient dose assessment for radiological emergencies, (d) integrated personalised dosimetry in medical applications and (e) improved radiation protection of workers and the public. The SRA of EURADOS will be used as a guideline for future activities of the EURADOS WGs. A detailed version of the SRA can be downloaded as a EURADOS report from the EURADOS website (www.eurados.org).
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Affiliation(s)
- W Rühm
- Helmholtz Center Munich, Institute of Radiation Protection, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - E Fantuzzi
- Radiation Protection Institute, ENEA, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - H Schuhmacher
- Physikalisch Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Braunschweig, Germany
| | - F Vanhavere
- Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK-CEN), Mol, Belgium
| | - J Alves
- Instituto Superior Técnico (IST), CTN, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - J F Bottollier Depois
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), Fontenay-aux-Roses Cedex, France
| | - P Fattibene
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità (ISS), Rome, Italy
| | - Ž Knežević
- Ruđer Bošković Institute (RBI), Zagreb, Croatia
| | - M A Lopez
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Madrid, Spain
| | - S Mayer
- Paul Scherer Institut (PSI), Villigen, Switzerland
| | - S Miljanić
- Ruđer Bošković Institute (RBI), Zagreb, Croatia
| | - S Neumaier
- Physikalisch Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Braunschweig, Germany
| | - P Olko
- Instytut Fizyki Jądrowej (IFJ), Krakow, Poland
| | - H Stadtmann
- Seibersdorf Labor GmbH, Seibersdorf, Austria
| | - R Tanner
- Public Health England, Chilton, Didcot, UK
| | - C Woda
- Helmholtz Center Munich, Institute of Radiation Protection, Neuherberg, Germany
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18
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Tanner R, Twomey M, Maher MM, Fitzgerald E, O'Connor J. A Rare Cause of Testicular Pain: Thrombosis of the Pampiniform Plexus. Ir Med J 2016; 109:347-348. [PMID: 26904794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Testicular pain is a common presentation in the emergency department. The cause includes a wide array of differentials. This report highlights a case of thrombosis of the pampiniform plexus as a rare cause of testicular pain. Doppler ultrasound should be the first line investigation. Symptomatic relief with anti-inflammatory medication should be sufficient for management.
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19
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Tanner R, Harney MS. The initial management of epistaxis. Ir Med J 2015; 108:123-124. [PMID: 26016308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Epistaxis affects up to 60% of people. The basic first aid management of epistaxis is clearly stated in the literature and guidelines. Anecdotal evidence would suggest that these principles are not understood by patients and are not being conveyed to patients by their doctors. The aim was to assess current knowledge of epistaxis first aid management and identify the principle source of education in epistaxis control. This was a single centre cross-sectional study. The study population included those presenting to otolaryngology outpatients with epistaxis. 20 patients participated in this study over a 7 month period. Five (25%) patients did not use compression during an episode of epistaxis. Nine (60%) patients that used the compression technique failed to compress the lower one-third of the nose. Only two (10%) of patients identified their GP as having taught them first aid for epistaxis. Knowledge of epistaxis management is poor. Education regarding the basic principles of first aid for epistaxis may reduce morbidity and unnecessary consultations from health professionals.
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20
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Baz M, Haji G, Menzies-Gow A, Tanner R, Hopkinson N, Polkey M, Hull J. P67 Laryngeal Narrowing In Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (copd): A Mechanism For Generating Intrinsic Peep? Thorax 2014. [DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2014-206260.208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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21
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Curtis K, Tanner R, O'Brien K, Polkey M, Edwards L, Hopkinson N. M144 Acute Dietary Nitrate Supplementation Reduces The Oxygen Cost Of Submaximal Exercise In Copd. Thorax 2014. [DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2014-206260.439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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22
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Trompier F, Boschung M, Buffler A, Domingo C, Cale E, Chevallier MA, Esposito A, Ferrarini M, Geduld DR, Hager L, Hohmann E, Mayer S, Musso A, Romero-Esposito M, Röttger S, Smit FD, Sashala Naik A, Tanner R, Wissmann F, Caresana M. A comparison of the response of PADC neutron dosemeters in high-energy neutron fields. Radiat Prot Dosimetry 2014; 161:78-81. [PMID: 24298170 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/nct275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Within the framework of the EURADOS Working Group 11, a comparison of passive neutron dosemeters in high-energy neutron fields was organised in 2011. The aim of the exercise was to evaluate the response of poly-allyl-glycol-carbonate neutron dosemeters from various European dosimetry laboratories to high-energy neutron fields. Irradiations were performed at the iThemba LABS facility in South Africa with neutrons having energies up to 66 and 100 MeV.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Trompier
- Institute for Radiological Protection and Nuclear Safety, BP 17, Fontenay-aux-Roses F-92262, France
| | - M Boschung
- Radiation Metrology Section, Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), Villigen CH-5232, Switzerland
| | - A Buffler
- Department of Physics, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7700, South Africa
| | - C Domingo
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - E Cale
- Institute for Radiological Protection and Nuclear Safety, BP 40035, Le Vésinet F-78116, France
| | - M-A Chevallier
- Institute for Radiological Protection and Nuclear Safety, BP 17, Fontenay-aux-Roses F-92262, France
| | - A Esposito
- IFNF-LNF, FISMEL, via E. Fermi 40, Frascati 00044, Italy
| | - M Ferrarini
- CNAO, Via Privata Campeggi, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - D R Geduld
- Department of Physics, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7700, South Africa iThemba Laboratory for Accelerator Based Sciences, Somerset West 7129, South Africa
| | - L Hager
- Public Health England, CRCE, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0RQ, UK
| | - E Hohmann
- Radiation Metrology Section, Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), Villigen CH-5232, Switzerland
| | - S Mayer
- Radiation Metrology Section, Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), Villigen CH-5232, Switzerland
| | - A Musso
- Institute for Radiological Protection and Nuclear Safety, BP 40035, Le Vésinet F-78116, France
| | | | - S Röttger
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Bundesallee 100, Braunschweig 38116, Germany
| | - F D Smit
- iThemba Laboratory for Accelerator Based Sciences, Somerset West 7129, South Africa
| | - A Sashala Naik
- Dipartimento di Energia, Politecnico di Milano, CESNEF, via Ponzio 34/3, Milano 20133, Italy Mi.Am srl via De Amicis 5, Fabiano di Rivergaro, PC 29029, Italy
| | - R Tanner
- Public Health England, CRCE, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0RQ, UK
| | - F Wissmann
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Bundesallee 100, Braunschweig 38116, Germany
| | - M Caresana
- Mi.Am srl via De Amicis 5, Fabiano di Rivergaro, PC 29029, Italy
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23
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Fantuzzi E, Chevallier MA, Cruz-Suarez R, Luszik-Bhadra M, Mayer S, Thomas DJ, Tanner R, Vanhavere F. EURADOS IC2012N: EURADOS 2012 intercomparison for whole-body neutron dosimetry. Radiat Prot Dosimetry 2014; 161:73-77. [PMID: 24578527 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/nct295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The European Radiation Dosimetry Group (EURADOS) IC2012n intercomparison for neutron dosemeters intended to measure personal dose equivalent, Hp(10), was performed in 2012. A total of 31 participants (27 individual monitoring services from Europe, 2 from Japan, 1 from Israel and 1 from USA) registered with 34 dosimetry systems. Participation was restricted to passive or active neutron dosemeters routinely used in individual monitoring of radiation workers. The dosimetry systems were based on thermoluminescence, polyallyldiglycol carbonate, optically stimulated luminescence, fission track detection and silicon diodes (electronic devices). The irradiation tests were chosen to provide the participants with useful information on their dosimetry systems, i.e. linearity, reproducibility, responses for different energies and angles and to simulated workplace fields. The paper will report and discuss the first analysis of the results of the EURADOS IC2012n intercomparison.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Fantuzzi
- ENEA-Radiation Protection Institute, via dei Colli, 16-40136 Bologna (BO), Italy
| | - M-A Chevallier
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), BP 17, 31 avenue de la Division Leclerc, 92260 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | | | - M Luszik-Bhadra
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Bundesallee 100, D-38116 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - S Mayer
- Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - D J Thomas
- National Physical Laboratory (NPL), Hampton Road, Teddington TW11 0LW, UK
| | - R Tanner
- Public Health England, CRCE, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0RQ, UK
| | - F Vanhavere
- SCK-CEN, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium
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Ferrari P, Gualdrini G, Tanner R, Fantuzzi E. Hp(3)/Φ conversion coefficients for neutrons: discussion on the basis of the new ICRP recommended limit for the eye lens. Radiat Prot Dosimetry 2014; 161:17-22. [PMID: 24129550 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/nct246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The new recommendation issued by the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) introducing a 20-mSv annual dose limit for the eye lens stimulated an interesting debate among the radiation protection community. In the present work the problem of estimating Hp(3) for neutron realistic workplace spectra is treated, employing the recently published Hp(3)/Φ conversion coefficients with the aim of establishing a workplace-dependent relationship between Hp(10) and Hp(3). The results demonstrate that, whilst the two quantities can differ by less than 10 %, in general, Hp(10) cannot be considered a conservative estimate of Hp(3).
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Affiliation(s)
- P Ferrari
- ENEA-Radiation Protection Institute, via dei Colli 16, Bologna, BO 40136, Italy
| | - G Gualdrini
- ENEA-Radiation Protection Institute, via dei Colli 16, Bologna, BO 40136, Italy
| | - R Tanner
- Public Health England, CRCE, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0RQ, UK
| | - E Fantuzzi
- ENEA-Radiation Protection Institute, via dei Colli 16, Bologna, BO 40136, Italy
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Holmar J, Uhlin F, Ferenets R, Lauri K, Tanner R, Arund J, Luman M, Fridolin I. Estimation of removed uremic toxin indoxyl sulphate during hemodialysis by using optical data of the spent dialysate. Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 2014; 2013:6707-10. [PMID: 24111282 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2013.6611095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to explore the possibility to determine the amount of total removed Indoxyl Sulphate (TR_IS) during dialysis session, an optical method utilizing absorbance and fluorescence spectral data of the spent dialysate was used. Eight uremic patients from Linköping, Sweden and 10 from Tallinn, Estonia, were studied during dialysis treatments. Dialysate samples were taken during each treatment and analyzed at a laboratory. Fluorescence and absorbance spectra of the spent dialysate were measured with spectrofluorophotometer and spectrophotometer. The spectral values were transformed into IS concentration using multiple linear regression model from the total material noted as optical method (Opt). IS concentration was estimated using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method as a reference. TR_IS values were calculated. Achieved results were compared regarding mean values and SD and collated with the amount of total removed urea value (TR_Urea) for the same dialysis procedures. Mean TR value ± SD (mg) for urea was 28 947 ± 9 241; TR for IS was 151.4 ± 87.3 estimated by HPLC and 149.4 ± 84.9 estimated by Opt. The TR_IS values were not significantly different (p ≤ 0.05). This study indicates, that it is possible to estimate TR_IS using only spectral values of the spent dialysate and the parameter can be used for quantifying the elimination of protein bound uremic toxins during the dialysis procedure.
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Gualdrini G, Ferrari P, Tanner R. Fluence to Hp(3) conversion coefficients for neutrons from thermal to 15 MeV. Radiat Prot Dosimetry 2013; 157:278-290. [PMID: 23671134 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/nct126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The recent statement on tissue reactions issued by the International Commission on Radiological Protection in April 2011 recommends a very significant reduction in the equivalent dose annual limit for the eye lens from 150 to 20 mSv y(-1); this has stimulated a lot of interest in eye lens dosimetry in the radiation protection community. Until now no conversion coefficients were available for the operational quantity Hp(3) for neutrons. The scope of the present work was to extend previous evaluations of H*(10) and Hp(10) performed at the PTB in 1995 to provide also Hp(3) data for neutrons. The present work is also intended to complete the studies carried out on photons during the last 4 y within the European Union-funded ORAMED (optimisation of radiation protection for medical staff) project.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Gualdrini
- ENEA-IRP, Radiation Protection Institute, 16 via dei colli, Bologna (BO) 40136, Italy
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Mohan D, Lewis A, Patel MS, Curtis K, Tanner R, Kemp P, Polkey MI. S53 Studying fibre specific gene expression in COPD using laser capture micro-dissection in human skeletal muscle. Thorax 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2013-204457.60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Tanner R, Arund J, Fridolin I, Luman M. Paracetamol interference in uric Acid levels in uremic patients revealed by monitoring spent dialysate. ISRN Nephrol 2013; 2013:515292. [PMID: 24967235 PMCID: PMC4045446 DOI: 10.5402/2013/515292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2013] [Accepted: 09/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess removal dynamics of paracetamol (PAR), as an extraordinary chromophore in spent dialysate, upon the optical monitoring of dialysis of end-stage renal disease patients with inflammation complications. Seven dialysis sessions of different patients were followed to whom PAR was used as a pain reliever or antipyretic. Spent dialysate was sampled hourly and analyzed using HPLC with MS/MS and UV detection. Quantitative calculations were made on the basis of the peak areas on the chromatograms at 280 nm for uric acid (UA) and 254 nm for PAR and its metabolites (PAR-M). Peaks of UA, PAR, PAR-glucuronide, and PAR-sulphate were identified on the basis of specific mass spectra. Removal of PAR was found to be proportional to that of uric acid if intake of the drug by patient occurred half a day before dialysis. But disturbances of the UV-absorbance curves at 280 nm were observed related to rise of UA concentration in spent dialysate when PAR was taken by patients in the course of dialysis. The mechanism of such relation remains unknown. It was concluded that possible benefits and risks of treatment of uremic patients with paracetamol-containing drugs may need to be reassessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Risto Tanner
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technomedicum, Tallinn University of Technology, Akadeemia tee 5, 19086 Tallinn, Estonia ; National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Jürgen Arund
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technomedicum, Tallinn University of Technology, Akadeemia tee 5, 19086 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Ivo Fridolin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technomedicum, Tallinn University of Technology, Akadeemia tee 5, 19086 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Merike Luman
- Centre of Nephrology, North-Estonian Medical Centre, J. Sütiste tee 19, 13419 Tallinn, Estonia
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Arund J, Tanner R, Uhlin F, Fridolin I. Do only small uremic toxins, chromophores, contribute to the online dialysis dose monitoring by UV absorbance? Toxins (Basel) 2012; 4:849-61. [PMID: 23162701 PMCID: PMC3496992 DOI: 10.3390/toxins4100849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2012] [Revised: 09/25/2012] [Accepted: 09/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this work was to evaluate the contributions of the main chromophores to the total UV absorbance of the spent dialysate and to assess removal dynamics of these solutes during optical on-line dialysis dose monitoring. High performance chromatography was used to separate and quantify UV-absorbing solutes in the spent dialysate sampled at the start and at the end of dialysis sessions. Chromatograms were monitored at 210, 254 and 280 nm routinely and full absorption spectra were registered between 200 and 400 nm. Nearly 95% of UV absorbance originates from solutes with high removal ratio, such as uric acid. The contributions of different solute groups vary at different wavelengths and there are dynamical changes in contributions during the single dialysis session. However, large standard deviation of the average contribution values within a series of sessions indicates remarkable differences between individual treatments. A noteworthy contribution of Paracetamol and its metabolites to the total UV absorbance was determined at all three wavelengths. Contribution of slowly dialyzed uremic solutes, such as indoxyl sulfate, was negligible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen Arund
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technomedicum, Tallinn University of Technology, Ehitajate tee 5, 19086 Tallinn, Estonia; (R.T.); (F.U.); (I.F.)
| | - Risto Tanner
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technomedicum, Tallinn University of Technology, Ehitajate tee 5, 19086 Tallinn, Estonia; (R.T.); (F.U.); (I.F.)
- Laboratory of Chemical Physics, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Fredrik Uhlin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technomedicum, Tallinn University of Technology, Ehitajate tee 5, 19086 Tallinn, Estonia; (R.T.); (F.U.); (I.F.)
- Department of Nephrology UHL, County Council of Östergötland, Department of Medical Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Ivo Fridolin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technomedicum, Tallinn University of Technology, Ehitajate tee 5, 19086 Tallinn, Estonia; (R.T.); (F.U.); (I.F.)
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Donadio C, Kanaki A, Martin-Gomez A, Garcia S, Palacios-Gomez M, Donadio C, Calia D, Colombini E, DI Francesco F, Ghimenti S, Kanaki A, Onor M, Tognotti D, Fuoco R, Marka-Castro E, Torres Zamora MI, Giron-Mino J, Jaime-Solis MA, Arteaga LM, Romero H, Marka-Castro E, Akonur A, Leypoldt K, Asola M, Culleton B, Eloot S, Glorieux G, Nathalie N, Vanholder R, Perez de Jose A, Verdalles Guzman U, Abad Esttebanez S, Vega Martinez A, Barraca D, Yuste C, Bucalo L, Rincon A, Lopez-Gomez JM, Bataille P, Celine P, Raymond A, Francois G, Herve L, Michel D, Jean Louis R, Zhu F, Kotanko P, Thijssen S, Levin NW, Papamichail N, Bougiakli M, Gouva C, Antoniou S, Gianitsi S, Vlachopanou A, Chachalos S, Naka K, Kaarsavvidou D, Katopodis K, Michalis L, Sasaki K, Yasuda K, Yamato M, Surace A, Rovatti P, Steckiph D, Bandini R, Severi S, Dellacasa Bellingegni A, Santoro A, Arias M, Arias M, Sentis A, Perez N, Fontsere N, Vera M, Rodriguez N, Arcal C, Ortega N, Uriza F, Cases A, Maduell F, Abbas SR, Abbas SR, Zhu F, Kotanko P, Levin NW, Georgianos P, Sarafidis P, Nikolaidis P, Lasaridis A, Ahmed A, Ahmed A, Kaoutar H, Mohammed B, Zouhir O, Balter P, Ginsberg N, Taylor P, Sullivan T, Usvyat LA, Levin NW, Kotanko P, Zabetakis P, Moissl U, Ferrario M, Garzotto F, Wabel P, Cruz D, Tetta C, Signorini MG, Cerutti S, Brendolan A, Ronco C, Heaf J, Axelsen M, Pedersen RS, Ahmed A, Ahmed A, Amine H, Oualim Z, Ammirati AL, Guimaraes de Souza NK, Nemoto Matsui T, Luiz Vieira M, Alves de Oliveira WA, Fischer CH, Dias Carneiro F, Iizuka IJ, Aparecida de Souza M, Mallet AC, Cruz Andreoli MC, Cardoso Dos Santos BF, Rosales L, Dou Y, Carter M, Thijssen S, Kotanko P, Testa A, Sottini L, Giacon B, Prati E, Loschiavo C, Brognoli M, Marseglia C, Tommasi A, Sereni L, Palladino G, Bove S, Bosticardo G, Schillaci E, Detoma P, Bergia R, Park JW, Moon SJ, Choi HY, Ha SK, Park HC, Liao Y, Zhang L, Fu P, Igarashi H, Suzuki N, Esashi S, Masakane I, Panichi V, De Ferrari G, Saffiotti S, Sidoti A, Biagioli M, Bianchi S, Imperiali P, Gabrielli C, Conti P, Patrone P, Rombola G, Falqui V, Mura C, Icardi A, Rosati A, Santori F, Mannarino A, Bertucci A, Steckiph D, Jeong J, Jeong J, Kim OK, Kim NH, Bots M, Den Hoedt C, Grooteman MP, Van der Weerd NC, Mazairac AHA, Levesque R, Ter Wee PM, Nube MJ, Blankestijn P, Van den Dorpel MA, Park Y, Jeon J, Tessitore N, Tessitore N, Bedogna V, Girelli D, Corazza L, Jacky P, Guillaume Q, Julien B, Marcinkowski W, Drozdz M, Milkowski A, Rydzynska T, Prystacki T, August R, Benedyk-Lorens E, Bladek K, Cina J, Janiszewska G, Kaczmarek A, Lewinska T, Mendel M, Paszkot M, Trafidlo E, Trzciniecka-Kloczkowska M, Vasilevsky A, Konoplev G, Lopatenko O, Komashnya A, Visnevsky K, Gerasimchuk R, Neivelt I, Frorip A, Vostry M, Racek J, Rajdl D, Eiselt J, Malanova L, Pechter U, Selart A, Ots-Rosenberg M, Krieter DH, Seidel S, Merget K, Lemke HD, Wanner C, Krieter DH, Canaud B, Lemke HD, Rodriguez A, Morgenroth A, Von Appen K, Dragoun GP, Wanner C, Fluck R, Fouque D, Lockridge R, Motomiya Y, Uji Y, Hiramatsu T, Ando Y, Furuta M, Furuta M, Kuragano T, Kida A, Yahiro M, Otaki Y, Hasuike Y, Nonoguchi H, Nakanishi T, Sain M, Sain M, Kovacic V, Ljutic D, Radic J, Jelicic I, Yalin SF, Yalin SF, Trabulus S, Yalin AS, Altiparmak MR, Serdengecti K, Ohtsuka A, Fukami K, Ishikawa K, Ando R, Kaida Y, Adachi T, Sugi K, Okuda S, Nesterova OB, Nesterova OB, Suglobova ED, Golubev RV, Vasiliev AN, Lazeba VA, Smirnov AV, Arita K, Kihara E, Maeda K, Oda H, Doi S, Masaki T, Hidaka S, Ishioka K, Oka M, Moriya H, Ohtake T, Nomura S, Kobayashi S, Wagner S, Gmerek A, Wagner J, Wizemann V, Eftimovska - Otovic N, Spaseska-Gjurovska K, Bogdanovska S, Babalj - Banskolieva E, Milovanceva M, Grozdanovski R, Pisani A, Riccio E, Mancini A, Ambuhl P, Astrid S, Ivana P, Martin H, Thomas K, Hans-Rudolf R, Daniel A, Denes K, Marco M, Wuthrich RP, Andreas S, Andrulli S, Altieri P, Sau G, Bolasco P, Pedrini LA, Basile C, David S, Feriani M, Nebiolo PE, Ferrara R, Casu D, Logias F, Tarchini R, Cadinu F, Passaghe M, Fundoni G, Villa G, DI Iorio BR, Zoccali C, Locatelli F, Kihara E, Arita K, Hamamoto M, Maeda K, Oda H, Doi S, Masaki T, Lee DY, Kim B, Moon KH, LI Z, Fu P, Ahrenholz P, Ahrenholz P, Winkler RE, Waitz G, Wolf H, Grundstrom G, Alquist M, Holmquist M, Christensson A, Bjork P, Abdgawad M, Ekholm L, Segelmark M, Corsi C, Santoro A, De Bie J, Mambelli E, Mortara D, Santoro A, Severi S, Arroyo D, Arroyo D, Panizo N, Quiroga B, Reque J, Melero R, Rodriguez-Ferrero M, Rodriguez-Benitez P, Anaya F, Luno J, Ragon A, James A, Brunet P, Ribeiro S, Faria MS, Rocha S, Rodrigues S, Catarino C, Reis F, Nascimento H, Fernandes J, Miranda V, Quintanilha A, Belo L, Costa E, Santos-Silva A, Arund J, Tanner R, Fridolin I, Luman M, Clajus C, Clajus C, Kielstein JT, Haller H, David S, Basile C, Basile C, Libutti P, Lisi P, Vernaglione L, Casucci F, Losurdo N, Teutonico A, Lomonte C, Krisp C, Gmerek A, Wagner J, Wolters DA, Pedrini LA, Matsuyama M, Tomo T, Ishida K, Matsuyama K, Nakata T, Kadota J, Caiazzo M, Monari E, Cuoghi A, Bellei E, Bergamini S, Palladino G, Tomasi A, Baranger T, Seniuta P, Berge F, Drouillat V, Frangie C, Rosier E, Labonia W, Lescano A, Rubio D, Von der Lippe N, Jorgensen JA, Osthus TB, Waldum B, Os I, Bossola M, DI Stasio E, Antocicco M, Tazza L, Griveas I, Karameris A, Pasadakis P, Savica V, Santoro D, Saitta S, Tigano V, Bellinghieri G, Gangemi S, Daniela R, Checherita IA, Ciocalteu A, Vacaroiu IA, Niculae A, Bladek K, Stefaniak E, Pietrzak I, Krupa D, Garred L, Santoro A, Mancini E, Corrazza L, Atti M, Afsar B, Stamopoulos D, Mpakirtzi N, Gogola B, Zeibekis M, Stivarou D, Panagiotou M, Grapsa E, Vega Vega O, Barraca Nunez D, Abad Esttebanez S, Bucalo L, Yuste C, Lopez-Gomez JM, Fernandez-Lucas M, Gomis A, Teruel JL, Elias S, Quereda C, Hignell L, Humphrey S, Pacy N, Stamopoulos D, Mpakirtzi N, Afentakis N, Grapsa E. Extracorporeal dialysis: techniques and adequacy. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2012. [DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfs224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Shrikrishna D, Tanner R, Seymour JM, Patel M, Connolly BA, Puthucheary ZA, Walsh SLF, Bloch SA, Sidhu PS, Hart N, Moxham J, Polkey MI, Hopkinson NS. S94 Ultrasound measurement of quadriceps wasting in early chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and its relationship with daily physical activity. Thorax 2011. [DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2011-201054b.94] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Goetz W, Pike WT, Hviid SF, Madsen MB, Morris RV, Hecht MH, Staufer U, Leer K, Sykulska H, Hemmig E, Marshall J, Morookian JM, Parrat D, Vijendran S, Bos BJ, El Maarry MR, Keller HU, Kramm R, Markiewicz WJ, Drube L, Blaney D, Arvidson RE, Bell JF, Reynolds R, Smith PH, Woida P, Woida R, Tanner R. Microscopy analysis of soils at the Phoenix landing site, Mars: Classification of soil particles and description of their optical and magnetic properties. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2009je003437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Lauri K, Tanner R, Jerotskaja J, Luman M, Fridolin I. HPLC study of uremic fluids related to optical dialysis adequacy monitoring. Int J Artif Organs 2010; 33:96-104. [PMID: 20306436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to investigate uremia-related high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) ultraviolet (UV) absorbance profiles of serum and spent dialysate and to study the removal of uremic retention solutes in connection with optical dialysis adequacy monitoring. METHODS 10 uremic patients were investigated using online spectrophotometry at a wavelength of 280 nm over the course of 30 hemodialysis treatments. The dialysate and blood samples were taken and analyzed simultaneously using standard biochemical methods and reversed-phase HPLC. Filters with cutoff at 3 kDa and 70 kDa were used for the pre-treatment of the serum. The chromatographic peaks were detected by a UV detector at wavelengths of 254 and 280 nm. RESULTS This study indicated that the main solute responsible for UV absorbance in the spent dialysate is a low-molecular-weight, water-soluble, non-protein-bound compound uric acid (UA). Three additional uremic retention solutes - creatinine (CR), indoxyl sulphate (IS) and hippuric acid (HA) - were identified from the HPLC profiles. The number of detected HPLC peaks was not significantly different for a serum filtered through the 3 kDa or 70 kDa cutoff filters, and was lower for the spent dialysate, indicating that the molecular weight (MW) of the main UV chromophores in the uremic fluids did not exceed 3 kDa. The reduction ratio (RR) estimated by the total area of HPLC peaks at 254 nm and 280 nm in the serum and by the online UV absorbance at 280 nm was best related to the removal of small water-soluble non-protein bound solutes like urea (UR), CR and UA. CONCLUSIONS The present study contributes new information on the removal of uremic retention solutes during hemodialysis and on the origin of the optical dialysis adequacy monitoring signal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Lauri
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technomedicum, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia.
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Lauri K, Arund J, Tanner R, Jerotskaja J, Luman M, Fridolin I. Behaviour of uremic toxins and UV absorbance in respect to low and high flux dialyzers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.3176/eng.2010.1.09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Jerotskaja J, Uhlin F, Lauri K, Tanner R, Luman M, Fridolin I. Concentration of uric acid removed during dialysis. Estimated by multi wavelength and processed ultra violet absorbance spectra. Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 2010; 2010:5791-5794. [PMID: 21097101 DOI: 10.1109/iembs.2010.5627831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to estimate the concentration of uric acid (UA) optically by using original and processed ultra violet (UV) absorbance spectra's of the spent dialysate. Also the effect of using several wavelengths for estimation was examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Jerotskaja
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technomedicum, Tallinn University of Technology, 19086, Estonia.
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Ritchie AJ, Kopycinski J, Campion S, Moore S, Liu M, Tanner R, Kuldanek K, Legg K, Wang M, Moodie Z, Korber B, Fidler S, McMichael A, Goonetilleke N. P16-42. Characterisation of HIV-1 specific T-cell responses in exposed uninfected individuals from a London cohort. Retrovirology 2009. [PMCID: PMC2767772 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4690-6-s3-p271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Jerotskaja J, Uhlin F, Lauri K, Tanner R, Luman M, Fridolin I. A multicentre study of an enhanced optical method for measuring concentration of uric acid removed during dialysis. Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 2009; 2009:1477-1480. [PMID: 19963503 DOI: 10.1109/iembs.2009.5332433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare concentration measurements of uric acid (UA) removed during dialysis by two algorithms based on UV-absorbance and the 1st derivate of UV absorbance. Ten uremic patients from Tallinn and ten from Linköping, during 30+40 haemodialysis treatments, were followed at the Departments of Dialysis and Nephrology at North-Estonian Medical Centre and at Linköping University Hospital. The dialysate samples were taken and analyzed by means of UA concentration at the chemical laboratory and with a double-beam spectrophotometer. UV absorbance and derivate of UV absorbance was transformed into UA concentration in the spent dialysate using the regression models from the calibration set of material, noted as UV-absorbance (UV_A) and the 1st derivate of UV absorbance (UV_D) method. These models were tested on validation set of material and concentrations of UA from the two methods were compared regarding mean values and SD. Mean concentration of UA were 52.7 +/- 25.0 micromol/l measured at the chemical laboratory (UA_Lab), 54.9 +/- 23.8 micromol/l determined by UV_A and 52.9 +/- 23.0 micromol/l determined by UV_D. The results of mean concentrations were not significantly different (p > or = 0.54). The systematic errors were -7.8 % and -3.3% and random errors were 15.8 % and 10.4 % using UV_A and UV_D respectively. The systematic and random errors were significantly different (p < 0.05) indicating that the new algorithm enables more accurate UA estimation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Jerotskaja
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technomedicum, Tallinn University of Technology, 19086 Tallinn, Estonia.
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Leer K, Bertelsen P, Binau CS, Djernis Olsen L, Drube L, Falkenberg TV, Haspang MP, Madsen MB, Olsen M, Sykulska H, Vijendran S, Pike WT, Staufer U, Parrat D, Lemmon M, Hecht MH, Mogensen CT, Gross MA, Goetz W, Marshall J, Britt D, Smith P, Shinohara C, Woida P, Woida R, Tanner R, Reynolds R, Shaw A. Magnetic properties experiments and the Surface Stereo Imager calibration target onboard the Mars Phoenix 2007 Lander: Design, calibration, and science goals. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007je003014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Jerotskaja J, Lauri K, Tanner R, Luman M, Fridolin I. Optical dialysis adequacy sensor: wavelength dependence of the ultra violet absorbance in the spent dialysate to the removed solutes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 2007:2960-3. [PMID: 18002616 DOI: 10.1109/iembs.2007.4352950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A need for dialysate-based, on-line, continuous monitoring systems for the control of dialysis efficiency and the prevention of dialysis-associated complications is arisen due to increasing number of dialysis patients and related treatment quality requirements. The aim of this study was to investigate the wavelength dependence between the the ultra-violet (UV) absorbance in the spent dialysate and the retained solutes removed during the hemodialysis in order to explain possibilities to estimate removal of the solutes by the optical dialysis adequacy sensor. Ten uremic patients, during 30 hemodialysis treatments, were followed at the Department of Dialysis and Nephrology, North-Estonian Regional Hospital. The dialysate samples were taken and analyzed with spectrophotometer to get absorbance spectra. The results confirm previous studies considering similarity for the UV-spectrum on the spent dialysate samples during a single dialysis session indicating presence of the same type of chromophores in the spent dialysate removed from the patient's blood for different patients groups. At the same time the highest correlation in the spent dialysate for urea, creatinine, potassium, and phosphate was obtained at the wavelength 237 nm that is a new finding compared to earlier results. The highest correlation between the UV-absorbance and uric acid in the spent dialysate was obtained at the wavelength 294 nm. Presence of at least two different wavelength ranges may add selectivity for monitoring several compounds. Our study indicates that the technique has a potential to estimate the removal of retained substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Jerotskaja
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technomedicum, Tallinn University of Technology, 19086 Tallinn, Estonia.
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Lauri K, Tanner R, Luman M, Jerotskaja J, Fridolin I. Optical dialysis adequacy sensor: contribution of chromophores to the ultra violet absorbance in the spent dialysate. Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 2008; 2006:807-10. [PMID: 17945602 DOI: 10.1109/iembs.2006.259803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Several on-line methods have been developed to standardize the assessment of dialysis adequacy. Earlier studies have demonstrated that on-line monitoring of total ultra violet (UV) absorbance in spent dialysate can be utilized to follow continuously a single hemodialysis session. The aim of this study was to investigate the contribution of different compounds, acting as chromophores, to the UV-absorbance in the spent dialysate in order to explain origin of the cumulative and integrated UV-absorbance measured by the optical dialysis adequacy sensor. Four uremic patients, during 12 hemodialysis treatments, were followed by the optical dialysis adequacy sensor using the wavelength of 280 mn. The dialysate samples were taken and analyzed using reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The total number of detected peaks from the HPLC gradient separation profiles measured at the wavelength 280 nm for the samples collected 10 mm after the start of hemodialysis (Mean +/- SD) was 38 +/- 6. The relative contribution from the area of 10 main peaks to the total area of all detected peaks in percentage was 91.01 +/- 2.52 %. The optical dialysis adequacy sensor provides continuous, on-line hemodialysis measurements and may immediately identify and alert to any deviations in the dialysis. Our study indicates that there exists a number of prevalent compounds that are the main cause of the cumulative and integrated UV- absorbance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Lauri
- Centre of Biomedical Engineering, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia.
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Leito I, Herodes K, Huopolainen M, Virro K, Künnapas A, Kruve A, Tanner R. Towards the electrospray ionization mass spectrometry ionization efficiency scale of organic compounds. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 2008; 22:379-384. [PMID: 18183635 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.3371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
An approach that allows setting up under predefined ionization conditions a rugged self-consistent quantitative experimental scale of electrospray ionization (ESI) efficiencies of organic compounds is presented. By ESI ionization efficiency (IE) we mean the efficiency of generating gas-phase ions from analyte molecules or ions in the ESI source. The approach is based on measurement of relative ionization efficiency (RIE) of two compounds (B1 and B2) by infusing a solution containing both compounds at known concentrations (C1 and C2) and measuring the mass-spectrometric responses of the protonated forms of the compounds (R1 and R2). The RIE of B1 and B2 is expressed as logRIE(B1, B2) = log[(R1 . C2)/(C1 . R2)]. The relative way of measurement leads to cancellation of many of the factors affecting IE (ESI source design, voltages in the source and ion transport system, solvent composition, flow rates and temperatures of the nebulizing and drying gases). Using this approach an ESI IE scale containing ten compounds (esters and aromatic amines) and spanning over 4 logRIE units has been compiled. The consistency of the scale (the consistency standard deviation of the scale is s = 0.16 logRIE units) was assured by making measurements using different concentration ratios (at least 6-fold concentration ratio range) of the compounds and by making circular validation measurements (the logRIE of any two compounds was checked by measuring both against a third compound).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivo Leito
- University of Tartu, Institute of Chemistry, Jakobi 2, 51014 Tartu, Estonia.
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42
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Massad T, Jarvet J, Tanner R, Tomson K, Smirnova J, Palumaa P, Sugai M, Kohno T, Vanatalu K, Damberg P. Maximum entropy reconstruction of joint phi, psi-distribution with a coil-library prior: the backbone conformation of the peptide hormone motilin in aqueous solution from phi and psi-dependent J-couplings. J Biomol NMR 2007; 38:107-23. [PMID: 17458509 DOI: 10.1007/s10858-007-9150-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2006] [Accepted: 02/13/2007] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we present a new method for structure determination of flexible "random-coil" peptides. A numerical method is described, where the experimentally measured 3J(H(alpha)Nalpha) and [3J(H(alpha)Nalpha+1 couplings, which depend on the phi and psi dihedral angles, are analyzed jointly with the information from a coil-library through a maximum entropy approach. The coil-library is the distribution of dihedral angles found outside the elements of the secondary structure in the high-resolution protein structures. The method results in residue specific joint phi,psi-distribution functions, which are in agreement with the experimental J-couplings and minimally committal to the information in the coil-library. The 22-residue human peptide hormone motilin, uniformly 15N-labeled was studied. The 3J(H(alpha)-N(i+1)) were measured from the E.COSY pattern in the sequential NOESY cross-peaks. By employing homodecoupling and an in-phase/anti-phase filter, sharp H(alpha)-resonances (about 5 Hz) were obtained enabling accurate determination of the coupling with minimal spectral overlap. Clear trends in the resulting phi,psi-distribution functions along the sequence are observed, with a nascent helical structure in the central part of the peptide and more extended conformations of the receptor binding N-terminus as the most prominent characteristics. From the phi,psi-distribution functions, the contribution from each residue to the thermodynamic entropy, i.e., the segmental entropies, are calculated and compared to segmental entropies estimated from 15N-relaxation data. Remarkable agreement between the relaxation and J-couplings based methods is found. Residues belonging to the nascent helix and the C-terminus show segmental entropies, of approximately -20 J K(-1) mol(-1) and -12 J K(-1) mol(-1), respectively, in both series. The agreement between the two estimates of the segmental entropy, the agreement with the observed J-couplings, the agreement with the CD experiments, and the assignment of population to sterically allowed conformations show that the phi,psi-distribution functions are indeed meaningful and useful descriptions of the conformational preferences for each residue in this flexible peptide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tariq Massad
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius v. 12, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
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Schuhmacher H, Bartlett D, Bolognese-Milsztajn T, Boschung M, Coeck M, Curzio G, d'Errico F, Fiechtner A, Kyllönen JE, Lacoste V, Lindborg L, Luszik-Bhadra M, Reginatto M, Tanner R, Vanhavere F. Evaluation of individual dosimetry in mixed neutron and photon radiation fields (EVIDOS). Part II: Conclusions and recommendations. Radiat Prot Dosimetry 2007; 125:281-4. [PMID: 17314086 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncm167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The paper presents the main conclusions and recommendations derived from the EVIDOS project, which is supported by the European Commission within the 5th Framework Programme. EVIDOS aims at evaluating state of the art neutron dosimetry techniques in representative workplaces of the nuclear industry with complex mixed neutron-photon radiation fields. This analysis complements a series of individual papers which present detailed results and it summarises the main findings from a practical point of view. Conclusions and recommendations are given concerning characterisation of radiation fields, methods to derive radiation protection quantities and dosemeter results.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Schuhmacher
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, D-38116 Braunschweig, Germany.
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Lindborg L, Bolognese-Milsztajn T, Boschung M, Coeck M, Curzio G, d'Errico F, Fiechtner A, Hallfarth D, Lievens B, Lillhök JE, Lövefors-Daun A, Lacoste V, Luszik-Bhadra M, Reginatto M, Schuhmacher H, Tanner R, Vanhavere F. Application of workplace correction factors to dosemeter results for the assessment of personal doses at nuclear facilities. Radiat Prot Dosimetry 2007; 124:213-8. [PMID: 17893081 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncm394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Ratios of H(p)(10) and H*(10) were determined with reference instruments in a number of workplace fields within the nuclear industry and used to derive workplace-specific correction factors. When commercial survey meter results together with these factors were applied to the results of the locally used personal dosemeters their results improved and became within 0.7 and 1.7 of the reference values or better depending on the response of the survey meter. A similar result was obtained when a correction was determined with a prototype reference instrument for H(p)(10) after adjustment of its response. Commercially available survey instruments both for photon and neutron H*(10) measurements agreed with the reference instruments in most cases to within 0.5-1.5. Those conclusions are derived from results reported within the EC supported EVIDOS contract.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Lindborg
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Medical Radiation Physics, SE 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden.
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Luszik-Bhadra M, Bolognese-Milsztajn T, Boschung M, Coeck M, Curzio G, d'Errico F, Fiechtner A, Lacoste V, Lindborg L, Reginatto M, Schuhmacher H, Tanner R, Vanhavere F. Direction distributions of neutrons and reference values of the personal dose equivalent in workplace fields. Radiat Prot Dosimetry 2007; 125:364-8. [PMID: 17369265 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncm189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Within the EC project EVIDOS, double-differential (energy and direction) fluence spectra were determined by means of novel direction spectrometers. By folding the spectra with fluence-to-dose equivalent conversion coefficients, contributions to H*(10) for 14 directions, and values of the personal dose equivalent Hp(10) and the effective dose E for 6 directions of a person's orientation in the field were determined. The results of the measurements and calculations obtained within the EVIDOS project in workplace fields in nuclear installations in Europe, i.e., at Krümmel (boiling water reactor and transport cask), at Mol (Venus research reactor and fuel facility Belgonucléaire) and at Ringhals (pressurised reactor and transport cask) are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Luszik-Bhadra
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, D-38116 Braunschweig, Germany.
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Luszik-Bhadra M, Bolognese-Milsztajn T, Boschung M, Coeck M, Curzio G, Derdau D, d'Errico F, Fiechtner A, Kyllönen JE, Lacoste V, Lievens B, Lindborg L, Lovefors Daun A, Reginatto M, Schuhmacher H, Tanner R, Vanhavere F. Summary of personal neutron dosemeter results obtained within the EVIDOS project. Radiat Prot Dosimetry 2007; 125:293-9. [PMID: 17449908 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncm190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Within the EC project EVIDOS ('Evaluation of Individual Dosimetry in Mixed Neutron and Photon Radiation Fields'), different types of active neutron personal dosemeters (and some passive ones) were tested in workplace fields at nuclear installations in Europe. The results of the measurements which have been performed up to now are summarised and compared to our currently best estimates of the personal dose equivalent Hp(10). Under- and over-readings by more than a factor of two for the same dosemeter in different workplace fields indicate that in most cases the use of field-specific correction factors is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Luszik-Bhadra
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, D-38116 Braunschweig, Germany.
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Luszik-Bhadra M, Bartlett D, Bolognese-Milsztajn T, Boschung M, Coeck M, Curzio G, d'Errico F, Fiechtner A, Lacoste V, Lindborg L, Reginatto M, Schuhmacher H, Tanner R, Vanhavere F. Characterisation of mixed neutron photon workplace fields at nuclear facilities by spectrometry (energy and direction) within the EVIDOS project. Radiat Prot Dosimetry 2007; 124:219-29. [PMID: 17890781 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncm419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Within the EC project EVIDOS, 17 different mixed neutron-photon workplace fields at nuclear facilities (boiling water reactor, pressurised water reactor, research reactor, fuel processing, storage of spent fuel) were characterised using conventional Bonner sphere spectrometry and newly developed direction spectrometers. The results of the analysis, using Bayesian parameter estimation methods and different unfolding codes, some of them especially adapted to simultaneously unfold energy and direction distributions of the neutron fluence, showed that neutron spectra differed strongly at the different places, both in energy and direction distribution. The implication of the results for the determination of reference values for radiation protection quantities (ambient dose equivalent, personal dose equivalent and effective dose) and the related uncertainties are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Luszik-Bhadra
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Bundesallee 100, D-38116 Braunschweig, Germany.
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d'Errico F, Bartlett D, Bolognese-Milsztajn T, Boschung M, Coeck M, Curzio G, Fiechtner A, Kyllönen JE, Lacoste V, Lindborg L, Luszik-Bhadra M, Reginatto M, Schuhmacher H, Tanner R, Vanhavere F. Evaluation of individual dosimetry in mixed neutron and photon radiation fields (EVIDOS). Part I: Scope and methods of the project. Radiat Prot Dosimetry 2007; 125:275-80. [PMID: 17522043 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncm169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Supported by the European Commission, the EVIDOS project started in November 2001 with the broad goal of evaluating state of the art dosimetry techniques in representative workplaces of the nuclear industry. Seven European institutes joined efforts with end users at nuclear power plants, at fuel processing and reprocessing plants, and at transport and storage facilities. A comprehensive programme was devised to evaluate capabilities and limitations of standard and innovative personal dosemeters in relation to the mixed neutron-photon fields of concern to the nuclear industry. This paper describes the criteria behind the selection of dosimetry techniques and workplaces that were analysed, as well as the organisation of the measurement campaigns. Particular emphasis was placed on the evaluation of a variety of electronic personal dosemeters, either commercially available or previously developed by the partners. The estimates provided by these personal dosemeters were compared to reference values of dose equivalent quantities derived from spectrometry and fluence-to-dose equivalent conversion coefficients. Spectrometry was performed both with conventional multisphere and with some original instrumentation providing energy and direction resolution, based on silicon detectors and superheated drop detectors mounted on or in spherical moderators. The results were collected in a large, searchable database and are intended to be used in the harmonisation of dosimetric procedures for mixed radiation fields and for the approval of dosimetry services in Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- F d'Errico
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Meccanica, Nucleare e della Produzione, Università di Pisa, I-56126 Pisa, Italy.
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Slater G, Rice AJ, Tanner R, Sharpe K, Gore CJ, Jenkins DG, Hahn AG. Acute weight loss followed by an aggressive nutritional recovery strategy has little impact on on-water rowing performance. Br J Sports Med 2006; 40:55-9. [PMID: 16371492 PMCID: PMC2491923 DOI: 10.1136/bjsm.2005.019604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the influence of moderate, acute weight loss on on-water rowing performance when aggressive nutritional recovery strategies were used in the two hours between weigh in and racing. METHODS Competitive rowers (n = 17) undertook three on-water 1800 m time trials under cool conditions (mean (SD) temperature 8.4 (2.0) degrees C), each separated by 48 hours. No weight limit was imposed for the first time trial--that is, unrestricted body mass (UNR1). However, one of the remaining two trials followed a 4% loss in body mass in the previous 24 hours (WT(-4%)). No weight limit was imposed for the other trial (UNR2). Aggressive nutritional recovery strategies (WT(-4%), 2.3 g/kg carbohydrate, 34 mg/kg Na+, and 28.4 ml/kg fluid; UNR, ad libitum) were used in the first 90 minutes of the two hours between weigh in and performance trials. RESULTS WT(-4%) had only a small and statistically non-significant effect on the on-water time trial performance (mean 1.0 second, 95% confidence interval (CI) -0.9 to 2.8; p = 0.29) compared with UNR. This was despite a significant decrease in plasma volume at the time of weigh in for WT(-4%) compared with UNR (-9.2%, 95% CI -12.8% to -5.6%; p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS Acute weight loss of up to 4% over 24 hours, when combined with aggressive nutritional recovery strategies, can be undertaken with minimal impact on on-water rowing performance, at least in cool conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Slater
- Australian Institute of Sport, Canberra, ACT, Australia
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50
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Vanhavere F, Bartlett D, Bolognese-Milsztajn T, Boschung M, Coeck M, Curzio G, d'Errico F, Fiechtner A, Kyllönen J, Lacoste V, Lahaye T, Lindborg L, Luszik-Bhadra M, Molinos C, Muller H, Reginatto M, Schuhmacher H, Tanner R. Evaluation of individual monitoring in mixed neutron/photon fields: mid-term results from the EVIDOS project. Radiat Prot Dosimetry 2006; 120:263-7. [PMID: 16782978 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncj011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
EVIDOS is an EC sponsored project that aims at an evaluation and improvement of radiation protection dosimetry in mixed neutron/photon fields. This is performed through spectrometric and dosimetric investigations during different measurement campaigns in representative workplaces of the nuclear industry. The performance of routine and, in particular, novel personal dosemeters and survey instruments is tested in selected workplace fields. Reference values for the dose equivalent quantities, H(*)(10) and H(p)(10) and the effective dose E, are determined using different spectrometers that provide the energy distribution of the neutron fluence and using newly developed devices that determine the energy and directional distribution of the neutron fluence. The EVIDOS project has passed the mid-term, and three measurement campaigns have been performed. This paper will give an overview and some new results from the third campaign that was held in Mol (Belgium), around the research reactor VENUS and in the MOX producing plant of Belgonucléaire.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Vanhavere
- Studiecentrum voor Kernenergie--Centre d'étude de l'énergie nucléaire, B-2400 Mol, Belgium.
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