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Kiran S, Tariq A, Iqbal S, Naseem Z, Siddique W, Jabeen S, Bashir R, Hussain A, Rahman M, Habib FE, Rauf W, Ali A, Sarwar Y, Jander G, Iqbal M. Punicalagin, a pomegranate polyphenol sensitizes the activity of antibiotics against three MDR pathogens of the Enterobacteriaceae. BMC Complement Med Ther 2024; 24:93. [PMID: 38365729 PMCID: PMC10870630 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-024-04376-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multidrug resistance (MDR) in the family Enterobacteriaceae is a perniciously increasing threat to global health security. The discovery of new antimicrobials having the reversing drug resistance potential may contribute to augment and revive the antibiotic arsenal in hand. This study aimed to explore the anti-Enterobacteriaceae capability of bioactive polyphenols from Punica granatum (P. granatum) and their co-action with antibiotics against clinical isolates of Enterobacteriaceae predominantly prevalent in South Asian countries. METHODS The Kandhari P. granatum (Pakistani origin) extracts were tested for anti-Enterobacteriaceae activity by agar well diffusion assay against MDR Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi, serovar Typhimurium and Escherichia coli. Predominant compounds of active extract were determined by mass spectrometry and screened for bioactivity by agar well diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assay. The active punicalagin was further evaluated at sub-inhibitory concentrations (SICs) for coactivity with nine conventional antimicrobials using a disc diffusion assay followed by time-kill experiments that proceeded with SICs of punicalagin and antimicrobials. RESULTS Among all P. granatum crude extracts, pomegranate peel methanol extract showed the largest inhibition zones of 25, 22 and 19 mm, and the MICs as 3.9, 7.8 and 7.8 mg/mL for S. typhi, S. typhimurium and E. coli, respectively. Punicalagin and ellagic acid were determined as predominant compounds by mass spectrometry. In plate assay, punicalagin (10 mg/mL) was active with hazy inhibition zones of 17, 14, and 13 mm against S. typhi, S. typhimurium and E. coli, respectively. However, in broth dilution assay punicalagin showed no MIC up to 10 mg/mL. The SICs 30 μg, 100 μg, and 500 μg of punicalagin combined with antimicrobials i.e., aminoglycoside, β-lactam, and fluoroquinolone act in synergy against MDR strains with % increase in inhibition zone values varying from 3.4 ± 2.7% to 73.8 ± 8.4%. In time-kill curves, a significant decrease in cell density was observed with the SICs of antimicrobials/punicalagin (0.03-60 μg/mL/30, 100, 500 μg/mL of punicalagin) combinations. CONCLUSIONS The P. granatum peel methanol extract exhibited antimicrobial activity against MDR Enterobacteriaceae pathogens. Punicalagin, the bacteriostatic flavonoid act as a concentration-dependent sensitizing agent for antimicrobials against Enterobacteriaceae. Our findings for the therapeutic punicalagin-antimicrobial combination prompt further evaluation of punicalagin as a potent activator for drugs, which otherwise remain less or inactive against MDR strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saba Kiran
- Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering College, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NIBGE-C, PIEAS), Faisalabad, Punjab, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Anam Tariq
- Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering College, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NIBGE-C, PIEAS), Faisalabad, Punjab, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Shoaib Iqbal
- Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering College, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NIBGE-C, PIEAS), Faisalabad, Punjab, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Zubera Naseem
- Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering College, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NIBGE-C, PIEAS), Faisalabad, Punjab, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Waqar Siddique
- Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering College, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NIBGE-C, PIEAS), Faisalabad, Punjab, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Sobia Jabeen
- Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering College, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NIBGE-C, PIEAS), Faisalabad, Punjab, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Rizwan Bashir
- Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering College, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NIBGE-C, PIEAS), Faisalabad, Punjab, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Ashfaq Hussain
- Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering College, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NIBGE-C, PIEAS), Faisalabad, Punjab, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Moazur Rahman
- School of Biological Sciences, University of the Punjab, Quaid-i-Azam Campus, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Fazal-E Habib
- Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering College, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NIBGE-C, PIEAS), Faisalabad, Punjab, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Waqar Rauf
- Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering College, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NIBGE-C, PIEAS), Faisalabad, Punjab, 38000, Pakistan.
| | - Aamir Ali
- Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering College, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NIBGE-C, PIEAS), Faisalabad, Punjab, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Yasra Sarwar
- Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering College, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NIBGE-C, PIEAS), Faisalabad, Punjab, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Georg Jander
- Boyce Thompson Institute, Cornell University, 14850 Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Mazhar Iqbal
- Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering College, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NIBGE-C, PIEAS), Faisalabad, Punjab, 38000, Pakistan.
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Alvi MA, Alshammari A, Ali RMA, Ul Haq S, Bashir R, Li L, Saqib M, Sajid MS, Ghafoor M, Imran M, Ijaz MU, Fu BQ, Saeed M, Ahmad I, Liu YY, Yan HB, Jia WZ. Revealing novel cytb and nad5 genes-based population diversity and benzimidazole resistance in Echinococcus granulosus of bovine origin. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1191271. [PMID: 37396990 PMCID: PMC10312306 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1191271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a neglected zoonotic disease caused by Echinococcus granulosus (sensu stricto). The parasite affects a wide range of livestock and wild animals. In this study, the population diversity of the Echinococcus species was investigated based on mitochondrial cytochrome b (cytb) and NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5 (nad5) genes. In addition to this, β-tubulin gene isoforms of Echinococcus granulosus were amplified to determine the resistance against benzimidazoles. For this purpose, 40 cyst samples from cattle (n = 20) and buffaloes (n = 20) were collected from the main abattoir of Sialkot. DNA extraction was performed using Qiagen Blood and Tissue Kits. Amplification was performed through PCR. Each amplicon was confirmed by GelRed™ stained agarose gel (2%). Samples were sequenced in a DNA analyzer and viewed for any misread nucleotide by using MEGA (v.11). Corrections in nucleotide sequence and multiple sequence alignment were made through the same software. NCBI-BLAST was used for sample specific sequences to identify them as belonging to a particular species. Diversity indices were estimated using DnaSP (v.6) while phylogenetic analysis was inferred using the Bayesian method using MrBayes (v.1.1). β-tubulin gene isoforms sequence analysis was performed to find out the candidate gene causing benzimidazole resistance. All 40 isolates were found positive for E. granulosus. BLAST-based searches of sequences of each isolate for each gene (nad5 and cytb) confirmed their maximum similarity with the G1 genotype. Overall, high haplotype diversity (Hd nad5 = 1.00; Hd cytb = 0.833) and low nucleotide diversity (π nad5 = 0.00560; π = cytb = 0.00763) was identified based on diversity indices. For both the genes, non-significant values of Tajima's D (nad5 = -0.81734; cytb = -0.80861) and Fu's Fs (nad5 = -1.012; cytb = 0.731) indicate recent population expansion. Bayesian phylogeny-based results of nad5 and cytb sequences confirmed their genotypic status as distinct from other Echinococcus species. This study shed light on the status of benzimidazole resistance in Echinococcus granulosus for the very first time from Pakistan. The findings of this study will significantly add in the information available on genetic diversity of Echinoccous granulosus based on cytb and nad5 genes sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mughees Aizaz Alvi
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, National Para-Reference Laboratory for Animal Echinococcosis, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ayed Alshammari
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Hafr Al Batin, Hafr Al Batin, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rana Muhammad Athar Ali
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Shahbaz Ul Haq
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Rizwan Bashir
- Veterinary Disease Diagnostic Laboratory Sialkot, Livestock and Dairy Development Department, Government of Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Li Li
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, National Para-Reference Laboratory for Animal Echinococcosis, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Muhammad Saqib
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Muzafar Ghafoor
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Department of Pathology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Umar Ijaz
- Department of Zoology, Wildlife and Fisheries, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Bao-Quan Fu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, National Para-Reference Laboratory for Animal Echinococcosis, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Mohd Saeed
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia
| | - Irfan Ahmad
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - You-Yu Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, National Para-Reference Laboratory for Animal Echinococcosis, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Hong-Bin Yan
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, National Para-Reference Laboratory for Animal Echinococcosis, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Wan-Zhong Jia
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, National Para-Reference Laboratory for Animal Echinococcosis, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease, Yangzhou, China
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Ganguli A, Mostafa A, Saavedra C, Kim Y, Le P, Faramarzi V, Feathers RW, Berger J, Ramos-Cruz KP, Adeniba O, Diaz GJP, Drnevich J, Wright CL, Hernandez AG, Lin W, Smith AM, Kosari F, Vasmatzis G, Anastasiadis PZ, Bashir R. Three-dimensional microscale hanging drop arrays with geometric control for drug screening and live tissue imaging. Sci Adv 2021; 7:7/17/eabc1323. [PMID: 33893093 PMCID: PMC8064630 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abc1323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Existing three-dimensional (3D) culture techniques are limited by trade-offs between throughput, capacity for high-resolution imaging in living state, and geometric control. Here, we introduce a modular microscale hanging drop culture where simple design elements allow high replicates for drug screening, direct on-chip real-time or high-resolution confocal microscopy, and geometric control in 3D. Thousands of spheroids can be formed on our microchip in a single step and without any selective pressure from specific matrices. Microchip cultures from human LN229 glioblastoma and patient-derived mouse xenograft cells retained genomic alterations of originating tumors based on mate pair sequencing. We measured response to drugs over time with real-time microscopy on-chip. Last, by engineering droplets to form predetermined geometric shapes, we were able to manipulate the geometry of cultured cell masses. These outcomes can enable broad applications in advancing personalized medicine for cancer and drug discovery, tissue engineering, and stem cell research.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ganguli
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Nick Holonyak Jr. Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - A Mostafa
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Nick Holonyak Jr. Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - C Saavedra
- Nick Holonyak Jr. Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Y Kim
- Nick Holonyak Jr. Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - P Le
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Nick Holonyak Jr. Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - V Faramarzi
- Nick Holonyak Jr. Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - R W Feathers
- Mayo-Illinois Alliance for Technology-Based Healthcare, Urbana, IL, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - J Berger
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Nick Holonyak Jr. Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - K P Ramos-Cruz
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Nick Holonyak Jr. Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - O Adeniba
- Nick Holonyak Jr. Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - G J Pagan Diaz
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Nick Holonyak Jr. Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - J Drnevich
- High-Performance Biological Computing, Roy J. Carver Biotechnology Center, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - C L Wright
- DNA Services Lab, Roy J. Carver Biotechnology Center, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - A G Hernandez
- DNA Services Lab, Roy J. Carver Biotechnology Center, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - W Lin
- Mayo-Illinois Alliance for Technology-Based Healthcare, Urbana, IL, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - A M Smith
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Nick Holonyak Jr. Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Department of Biomedical and Translational Sciences, Carle Illinois College of Medicine, Urbana, IL 61820, USA
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - F Kosari
- Mayo-Illinois Alliance for Technology-Based Healthcare, Urbana, IL, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - G Vasmatzis
- Mayo-Illinois Alliance for Technology-Based Healthcare, Urbana, IL, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - P Z Anastasiadis
- Mayo-Illinois Alliance for Technology-Based Healthcare, Urbana, IL, USA.
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - R Bashir
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
- Nick Holonyak Jr. Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Mayo-Illinois Alliance for Technology-Based Healthcare, Urbana, IL, USA
- Department of Biomedical and Translational Sciences, Carle Illinois College of Medicine, Urbana, IL 61820, USA
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Bashir R, Changal K. Periodontal therapy and cell adhesion. Br Dent J 2020; 229:151-152. [PMID: 32811918 DOI: 10.1038/s41415-020-2015-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Kaufman CD, Liu SC, Cvetkovic C, Lee CA, Naseri Kouzehgarani G, Gillette R, Bashir R, Gillette MU. Emergence of functional neuromuscular junctions in an engineered, multicellular spinal cord-muscle bioactuator. APL Bioeng 2020; 4:026104. [PMID: 32548540 PMCID: PMC7190368 DOI: 10.1063/1.5121440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) biomimetic systems hold great promise for the study of biological systems in vitro as well as for the development and testing of pharmaceuticals. Here, we test the hypothesis that an intact segment of lumbar rat spinal cord will form functional neuromuscular junctions (NMJs) with engineered, 3D muscle tissue, mimicking the partial development of the peripheral nervous system (PNS). Muscle tissues are grown on a 3D-printed polyethylene glycol (PEG) skeleton where deflection of the backbone due to muscle contraction causes the displacement of the pillar-like "feet." We show that spinal cord explants extend a robust and complex arbor of motor neurons and glia in vitro. We then engineered a "spinobot" by innervating the muscle tissue with an intact segment of lumbar spinal cord that houses the hindlimb locomotor central pattern generator (CPG). Within 7 days of the spinal cord being introduced to the muscle tissue, functional neuromuscular junctions (NMJs) are formed, resulting in the development of an early PNS in vitro. The newly innervated muscles exhibit spontaneous contractions as measured by the displacement of pillars on the PEG skeleton. Upon chemical excitation, the spinal cord-muscle system initiated muscular twitches with a consistent frequency pattern. These sequences of contraction/relaxation suggest the action of a spinal CPG. Chemical inhibition with a blocker of neuronal glutamate receptors effectively blocked contractions. Overall, these data demonstrate that a rat spinal cord is capable of forming functional neuromuscular junctions ex vivo with an engineered muscle tissue at an ontogenetically similar timescale.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - M. U. Gillette
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed:. Tel.: 217-244-1355
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Ganguli A, Mostafa A, Berger J, Aydin M, Sun F, Valera E, Cunningham BT, King WP, Bashir R. Rapid Isothermal Amplification and Portable Detection System for SARS-CoV-2. bioRxiv 2020:2020.05.21.108381. [PMID: 32511358 PMCID: PMC7263486 DOI: 10.1101/2020.05.21.108381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic provides an urgent example where a gap exists between availability of state-of-the-art diagnostics and current needs. As assay details and primer sequences become widely known, many laboratories could perform diagnostic tests using methods such as RT-PCR or isothermal RT-LAMP amplification. A key advantage of RT-LAMP based approaches compared to RT-PCR is that RT-LAMP is known to be robust in detecting targets from unprocessed samples. In addition, RT-LAMP assays are performed at a constant temperature enabling speed, simplicity, and point-of-use testing. Here, we provide the details of an RT-LAMP isothermal assay for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 virus with performance comparable to currently approved tests using RT-PCR. We characterize the assay by introducing swabs in virus spiked synthetic nasal fluids, moving the swab to viral transport medium (VTM), and using a volume of that VTM for performing the amplification without an RNA extraction kit. The assay has a Limit-of-Detection (LOD) of 50 RNA copies/μL in the VTM solution within 20 minutes, and LOD of 5000 RNA copies/μL in the nasal solution. Additionally, we show the utility of this assay for real-time point-of-use testing by demonstrating detection of SARS-CoV-2 virus in less than 40 minutes using an additively manufactured cartridge and a smartphone-based reader. Finally, we explore the speed and cost advantages by comparing the required resources and workflows with RT-PCR. This work could accelerate the development and availability of SARS-CoV-2 diagnostics by proving alternatives to conventional laboratory benchtop tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Ganguli
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, USA
- Nick Holonyak Jr. Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, USA
| | - A. Mostafa
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, USA
- Nick Holonyak Jr. Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, USA
| | - J. Berger
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, USA
- Nick Holonyak Jr. Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, USA
| | - M. Aydin
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, USA
| | - F. Sun
- Nick Holonyak Jr. Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, USA
| | - E. Valera
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, USA
- Nick Holonyak Jr. Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, USA
| | - B. T. Cunningham
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, USA
- Nick Holonyak Jr. Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, USA
| | - W. P. King
- Nick Holonyak Jr. Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, USA
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, USA
- Carle Illinois College of Medicine, Urbana, IL, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, USA
| | - R. Bashir
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, USA
- Nick Holonyak Jr. Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, USA
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, USA
- Carle Illinois College of Medicine, Urbana, IL, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, USA
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Anwar T, Qureshi H, Parveen N, Bashir R, Qaisar U, Munazir M, Yasmin S, Basit Z, Mahmood RT, Nayyar BG, Khan S, Khan SA, Qureshi MM, Wali M. Evaluation of bioherbicidal potential of Carica papaya leaves. BRAZ J BIOL 2019; 80:565-573. [PMID: 31644650 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.216359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to increased number of herbicide resistant weeds, it is needed to explore the allelopathic potential of plants as an alternative. The research was conducted to investigate allelopathic effects of Carica papaya L. leaf powder and aqueous extract on seeds as well as pre-germinated seeds of Avena fatua L., Helianthus annuus L., Rumex dentatus L., Zea mays L. and Triticum aestivum L. on filter paper and soil in Weed Management Program Laboratory, Department of Plant and Environmental Protection at PARC Institute of Advanced Studies in Agriculture, National Agriculture Research Centre, Islamabad, Pakistan. Germination percentage (%), radicle length (cm) and plumule length (cm) were parameters observed for 'Plant leaf powder bioassay' and 'Aqueous extract method'. Most significant growth inhibition was observed in A. fatua seedlings in filter paper method. A. fatua radicle length was reduced by C. papaya aqueous extract (80%) and leaf powder (89%) bioassays. Plumule length was reduced under the influence of aqueous extract (57-73%) and powdered material (59-77%). The inhibitory effects on other test species were in sequence of H. annuus followed by Z. mays and R. dentatus. The aqueous extract showed non-significant effect on wheat seed germination, radicle and plumule growth. It is suggested that C. papaya aqueous extract can be used as source of weed management in wheat crop.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Anwar
- Department of Plant and Environmental Protection, Institute of Advanced Studies in Agriculture, Islamabad, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - H Qureshi
- Department of Biological Sciences (Botany Program), Gomal University, Khyber, Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - N Parveen
- Department of Botany, Government College University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - R Bashir
- Department of Botany, Government College University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - U Qaisar
- School of Biological Sciences, University of The Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - M Munazir
- Department of Botany, Government College for Women University, Sialkot, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - S Yasmin
- Department of Botany, Government College for Women University, Sialkot, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Z Basit
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - R T Mahmood
- Department of Biotechnology, Mirpur University of Science and Technology, Mirpur, Azad Jammu & Kashmir, Pakistan
| | - B G Nayyar
- Department of Botany, University of Sialkot, Sialkot, Punjab, Pakistan
| | | | - S A Khan
- Department of Earth and Environmental Science, Bahria University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - M M Qureshi
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - M Wali
- Department of Environmental Science, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
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Saqib MAN, Rafique I, Qureshi H, Munir MA, Bashir R, Arif BW, Bhatti K, Ahmed SAK, Bhatti L. Burden of Tobacco in Pakistan: Findings From Global Adult Tobacco Survey 2014. Nicotine Tob Res 2019; 20:1138-1143. [PMID: 29059338 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntx179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Introduction The Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS) is the global standard for systematically monitoring adult tobacco use and tracking key tobacco control indicators. Methods Using a multistage stratified cluster design, 9856 households were sampled, and one individual was randomly selected from each household. Standard GATS questionnaire was used to collect information on tobacco use, cessation, second-hand smoke, knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions. Data were analyzed per standard GATS protocol. Results Of 9856 individuals, 7831 individuals completed the interview. The response rate was 81%. Overall, 19.1% adults were currently using tobacco products and among them, 12.4% smoked tobacco, and 7.7% smokeless tobacco. Exposure to second-hand smoke was seen in 86% in a restaurant while it was 76% on public transportation. A total of 24.7% smokers made a quit attempt in the past 12 months. Anticigarette smoking information was observed by 37.7% adults, while 29.7% current smokers thought about quitting after reading health warning labels on cigarette packages. Most (85%) adults favored no smoking in public places, and 74.8% favored increasing taxes on tobacco products. Current cigarette smokers spent Pakistani Rupees 767.3 per month (7.78 USD) on manufactured cigarettes and consumed 4500 cigarette sticks (225 packs) annually. Conclusions Besides 19.1% tobacco users, the majority (86%) were exposed to second-hand smoke at public places indicating that ban on tobacco use in public places is not being followed. A quarter of current smokers wants to quit smoking who may be provided assistance to reduce tobacco burden. Implications This study provides national-level data about tobacco use and its burden and also indicates weak implantation of tobacco control laws. There is need to devise a strategy for proper implementation of these laws to reduce the tobacco burden in the country.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ibrar Rafique
- Pakistan Health Research Council, Head Office, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Huma Qureshi
- Pakistan Health Research Council, Head Office, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Shin J, Suryapalam M, Shenoy K, O'Neill B, Bashir R, Lakhter V, O'Murchu B, Aggarwal V. Fractional Flow Reserve Guided Coronary Revascularization in Lung Transplant Recipients. J Heart Lung Transplant 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2019.01.814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Hassan U, Zhu R, Bashir R. Multivariate computational analysis of biosensor's data for improved CD64 quantification for sepsis diagnosis. Lab Chip 2018; 18:1231-1240. [PMID: 29564463 DOI: 10.1039/c8lc00108a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Sepsis, as a leading cause of death worldwide, relies on systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) criteria for its diagnosis. SIRS is highly non-specific as it relies on monitoring of patients' vitals for sepsis diagnosis, which are known to change with many confounding factors. Changes in leukocyte counts and CD64 expression levels are known specific biomarkers of pro-inflammatory host response at the onset of sepsis. Recently, we have developed a biosensor chip that can enumerate the leukocyte counts and quantify the neutrophil CD64 expression levels from a drop of blood. We were able to show improved sepsis diagnosis and prognosis in clinical studies by measuring these parameters during different times of the patients' stay in hospital. In this paper, we investigated the rate of cell capture with CD64 expression levels and used this in a multivariate computational model using artificial neural networks (ANNs) and showed improved accuracy of quantifying CD64 expression levels from the biosensor (n = 106 whole blood experiments). We found a high coefficient of determination and low error between biosensor- and flow cytometry-based neutrophil CD64 expression levels using multiple ANN training methods in comparison to those of univariate regression commonly employed. This approach can find many applications in biosensor data analytics by utilizing multiple features of the biosensor's data for output determination.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Hassan
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1270 Digital Computer Laboratory, 1304 W. Springfield Ave, Urbana, IL 61801, USA. and Micro and Nanotechnology Lab, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 208 N. Wright St., Urbana, IL 61801, USA and Stevens Family Biomedical Research Center, Carle Foundation Hospital, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - R Zhu
- Department of Statistics, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Illini Hall, 725S Wright St. 101, 61820, Champaign, IL, USA
| | - R Bashir
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1270 Digital Computer Laboratory, 1304 W. Springfield Ave, Urbana, IL 61801, USA. and Micro and Nanotechnology Lab, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 208 N. Wright St., Urbana, IL 61801, USA and Stevens Family Biomedical Research Center, Carle Foundation Hospital, Urbana, IL 61801, USA and Carle Illinois College of Medicine, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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Saqib MAN, Rafique I, Qureshi H, Munir MA, Bashir R, Arif BW, Bhatti K, Ahmed SAK, Bhatti L. Burden of Tobacco in Pakistan: Findings From Global Adult Tobacco Survey 2014. Nicotine Tob Res 2018; 21:136. [PMID: 29452373 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntx282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ibrar Rafique
- Pakistan Health Research Council, Head Office, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Huma Qureshi
- Pakistan Health Research Council, Head Office, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Ganguli A, Ornob A, Yu H, Damhorst GL, Chen W, Sun F, Bhuiya A, Cunningham BT, Bashir R. Hands-free smartphone-based diagnostics for simultaneous detection of Zika, Chikungunya, and Dengue at point-of-care. Biomed Microdevices 2017; 19:73. [PMID: 28831630 DOI: 10.1007/s10544-017-0209-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Infectious diseases remain the world's top contributors to death and disability, and, with recent outbreaks of Zika virus infections there has been an urgency for simple, sensitive and easily translatable point-of-care tests. Here we demonstrate a novel point-of-care platform to diagnose infectious diseases from whole blood samples. A microfluidic platform performs minimal sample processing in a user-friendly diagnostics card followed by real-time reverse-transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) on the same card with pre-dried primers specific to viral targets. Our point-of-care platform uses a commercial smartphone to acquire real-time images of the amplification reaction and displays a visual read-out of the assay. We apply this system to detect closely related Zika, Dengue (types 1 and 3) and Chikungunya virus infections from whole blood on the same pre-printed chip with high specificity and clinically relevant sensitivity. Limit of detection of 1.56e5 PFU/mL of Zika virus from whole blood was achieved through our platform. With the ability to quantitate the target nucleic acid, this platform can also perform point-of-care patient surveillance for pathogen load or select biomarkers in whole blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ganguli
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA.,Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA
| | - A Ornob
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA.,Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA
| | - H Yu
- Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA.,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA
| | - G L Damhorst
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA.,Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA.,College of Medicine at Urbana-Champaign, University of Illinois, Champaign, IL, USA
| | - W Chen
- Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA.,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA
| | - F Sun
- Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA.,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA
| | - A Bhuiya
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA.,Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA
| | - B T Cunningham
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA. .,Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA. .,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA.
| | - R Bashir
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA. .,Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA. .,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA. .,Carle Illinois College of Medicine, Urbana, IL, USA.
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Jones A, Pravadali-Cekic S, Dennis G, Bashir R, Mahon P, Shalliker R. Ferric reducing antioxidant potential (FRAP) of antioxidants using reaction flow chromatography. Anal Chim Acta 2017; 967:93-101. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2017.02.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Revised: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Bashir R, Vayalthrikkovil S, Espinoza L, Mohammad K. Serum Calcium Derangements in Neonates with Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy (HIE) With and Without Therapeutic Hypothermia. Paediatr Child Health 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/pch/21.supp5.e81c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Perinatal hypoxia is a recognized cause of hypocalcemia in neonates in the first 3 days of age. However, therapeutic hypothermia (TH), the standard care for moderate to severe HIE, promotes neuropro-tection by decreasing calcium (Ca) influx into the cells during reperfusion phase. So TH can increase serum Ca levels and may even negate the hypo-calcemic effects in HIE.
OBJECTIVES: To examine the trends in serum Ca levels in neonates with HIE with and without TH.
DESIGN/METHODS: A retrospective cohort study of neonates with moderate to severe HIE admitted to a level III NICU between September 2011 and October 2015. HIE staging was done as per modified Sarnat’s scoring system. Hypercalcemia was defined as serum ionised Ca (iCa) >1.35 mmol/L and hypocalcemia was defined as serum iCa <0.9 mmol/L. Acidosis was considered if pH <7.2. Serum Ca and pH were followed in the first 3 days of age (Day 1-3). The relation of serum Ca levels with acidosis,seizures, intracranial hemorrhage, and MRI changes in neonates with and without TH was examined. Categorical variables were analysed using chi-square test. Logistic regression analysis was done to explore the association of hypo/hypercalcemia with various variables, adjusting for TH, HIE staging, and acidosis.
RESULTS: Total number of neonates with moderate-severe HIE= 113; 89 neonates (79%) underwent TH. Incidence of hypercalcemia was 57/89 (88%) in the TH group whereas only one-third in the no TH group, whereas for hypocalcemia, it was 11/89(12%) and 5/24(21%) for the TH and no TH groups respectively. Hypercalcemia on Day 1 was significantly higher with TH(p 0.007) and acidosis(p 0.015). Hypocalcemia did not have any such association. Hypo/hypercarbia did not seem to alter the serum Ca levels. There was no increase in intracranial hemorrhage, clinical/EEG seizures, antiepileptic drug use or hypoxic MRI changes with Ca derangements.
CONCLUSION: Incidence of hypocalcemia was reduced by almost half in TH group. Hypercalcemia on day 1 was significantly associated with TH and acidosis. On days 2 and 3, hypercalcemia occurred in TH even in the absence of acidosis, but the association was not statistically significant. Less hypocalcemia and more hypercalcemia in TH may be attributed to the neuroprotective effect of TH by inhibiting Ca influx into the cells. However, there was no correlation between Ca derangements and seizures or severity of hypoxic changes in MRI.
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Dillane C, Bove A, Cohen H, Bashir R, O’Murchu B, O’Neill B, Gomez-Abraham J, Shiose A, Schwartz D, Dries D, Punnoose L, Toyoda Y, Alvarez R, Hamad E. A Shock Team Improves Survival in Cardiogenic Shock by Decreasing Time to Intervention. J Heart Lung Transplant 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2016.01.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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17
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Mbulo L, Palipudi KM, Andes L, Morton J, Bashir R, Fouad H, Ramanandraibe N, Caixeta R, Dias RC, Wijnhoven TMA, Kashiwabara M, Sinha DN, Tursan d'Espaignet E. Secondhand smoke exposure at home among one billion children in 21 countries: findings from the Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS). Tob Control 2016; 25:e95-e100. [PMID: 26869598 DOI: 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2015-052693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Children are vulnerable to secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure because of limited control over their indoor environment. Homes remain the major place where children may be exposed to SHS. Our study examines the magnitude, patterns and determinants of SHS exposure in the home among children in 21 countries (19 low-income and middle-income countries and 2 high-income countries). METHODS Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS) data, a household survey of people 15 years of age or older. Data collected during 2009-2013 were analysed to estimate the proportion of children exposed to SHS in the home. GATS estimates and 2012 United Nations population projections for 2015 were also used to estimate the number of children exposed to SHS in the home. RESULTS The proportion of children younger than 15 years of age exposed to SHS in the home ranged from 4.5% (Panama) to 79.0% (Indonesia). Of the approximately one billion children younger than 15 years of age living in the 21 countries under study, an estimated 507.74 million were exposed to SHS in the home. China, India, Bangladesh, Indonesia and the Philippines accounted for almost 84.6% of the children exposed to SHS. The prevalence of SHS exposure was higher in countries with higher adult smoking rates and was also higher in rural areas than in urban areas, in most countries. CONCLUSIONS A large number of children were exposed to SHS in the home. Encouraging of voluntary smoke-free rules in homes and cessation in adults has the potential to reduce SHS exposure among children and prevent SHS-related diseases and deaths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lazarous Mbulo
- Office on Smoking and Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Office of Smoking and Health, Global Tobacco Control Branch, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Krishna Mohan Palipudi
- Office on Smoking and Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Office of Smoking and Health, Global Tobacco Control Branch, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Linda Andes
- Office on Smoking and Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Office of Smoking and Health, Global Tobacco Control Branch, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Jeremy Morton
- Office on Smoking and Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Office of Smoking and Health, Global Tobacco Control Branch, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Rizwan Bashir
- Office on Smoking and Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Office of Smoking and Health, Global Tobacco Control Branch, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Heba Fouad
- Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean, World Health Organization, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nivo Ramanandraibe
- Regional Office for Africa, World Health Organization, Brazzaville, Congo
| | - Roberta Caixeta
- Pan American Health Organization, World Health Organization, Washington DC, USA
| | - Rula Cavaco Dias
- Division of Noncommunicable Diseases and Promoting Health through the Life-Course, WHO Regional Office for Europe, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Trudy M A Wijnhoven
- Division of Noncommunicable Diseases and Promoting Health through the Life-Course, WHO Regional Office for Europe, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mina Kashiwabara
- Regional Office for the Western Pacific, World Health Organization, Manila, Philippines
| | - Dhirendra N Sinha
- Regional Office for South-East Asia, World Health Organization, New Delhi, India
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Hassan U, Reddy B, Damhorst G, Sonoiki O, Ghonge T, Yang C, Bashir R. A microfluidic biochip for complete blood cell counts at the point-of-care. Technology (Singap World Sci) 2015; 3:201-213. [PMID: 26909365 PMCID: PMC4761450 DOI: 10.1142/s2339547815500090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Complete blood cell counts (CBCs) are one of the most commonly ordered and informative blood tests in hospitals. The results from a CBC, which typically include white blood cell (WBC) counts with differentials, red blood cell (RBC) counts, platelet counts and hemoglobin measurements, can have implications for the diagnosis and screening of hundreds of diseases and treatments. Bulky and expensive hematology analyzers are currently used as a gold standard for acquiring CBCs. For nearly all CBCs performed today, the patient must travel to either a hospital with a large laboratory or to a centralized lab testing facility. There is a tremendous need for an automated, portable point-of-care blood cell counter that could yield results in a matter of minutes from a drop of blood without any trained professionals to operate the instrument. We have developed microfluidic biochips capable of a partial CBC using only a drop of whole blood. Total leukocyte and their 3-part differential count are obtained from 10 μL of blood after on-chip lysing of the RBCs and counting of the leukocytes electrically using microfabricated platinum electrodes. For RBCs and platelets, 1 μL of whole blood is diluted with PBS on-chip and the cells are counted electrically. The total time for measurement is under 20 minutes. We demonstrate a high correlation of blood cell counts compared to results acquired with a commercial hematology analyzer. This technology could potentially have tremendous applications in hospitals at the bedside, private clinics, retail clinics and the developing world.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Hassan
- William L. Everitt Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1406 W. Green St., Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Micro and Nanotechnology Lab, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 208 N. Wright St., Urbana, IL 61801, USA; 1270 Digital Computer Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1304 W. Springfield Ave., Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - B Reddy
- Micro and Nanotechnology Lab, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 208 N. Wright St., Urbana, IL 61801, USA; 1270 Digital Computer Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1304 W. Springfield Ave., Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - G Damhorst
- Micro and Nanotechnology Lab, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 208 N. Wright St., Urbana, IL 61801, USA; 1270 Digital Computer Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1304 W. Springfield Ave., Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - O Sonoiki
- William L. Everitt Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1406 W. Green St., Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Micro and Nanotechnology Lab, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 208 N. Wright St., Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - T Ghonge
- Micro and Nanotechnology Lab, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 208 N. Wright St., Urbana, IL 61801, USA; 1270 Digital Computer Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1304 W. Springfield Ave., Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - C Yang
- University High School, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - R Bashir
- Micro and Nanotechnology Lab, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 208 N. Wright St., Urbana, IL 61801, USA; 1270 Digital Computer Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1304 W. Springfield Ave., Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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Hassan U, Bashir R. Coincidence detection of heterogeneous cell populations from whole blood with coplanar electrodes in a microfluidic impedance cytometer. Lab Chip 2014; 14:4370-81. [PMID: 25231594 DOI: 10.1039/c4lc00879k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Particle counting finds many industrial applications especially in medical healthcare. In particular, cell counting from whole blood is used pervasively for disease diagnostics. Microfluidic impedance cytometry is fast, requires a small volume of blood, can be used at point of care and can perform absolute enumeration of different cell types in the sample. Coincidence detection is very essential for accurate counting results and becomes more significant while counting specific target cells, e.g. CD4(+) or CD8(+) T cell count in HIV/AIDS patient blood samples. In heterogeneous samples, e.g. blood, cell differentiation for all coincidence occurrences is essential in addition to the coincidence detection for accurate cell enumeration. In this paper, we have characterized the coincidence detection with cell differentiation using a microfluidic impedance biochip. The pure population of leukocytes is obtained after all erythrocytes are lysed on-chip from whole blood. Leukocytes were counted electrically as they pass over coplanar microfabricated electrodes bonded to the 15 μm × 15 μm cross section counting channel while generating a bipolar pulse for each cell passage. We have developed a mathematical model to simulate the electrical cell pulse and its coincidences. We show that coincidence detection can be characterized into three main types based on the range of time delay at which the coincidence occurs. We have also characterized cell differentiation for all the three coincidence types and show that multiple coincidences of different types can also occur. We used healthy and HIV-infected patient blood samples and used our coincidence detection technique to count CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells and show the improvement in accuracy of cell counts compared to that without coincidence detection. We have also shown the improvement in the erythrocyte counting with coincidence detection in diluted whole blood samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Hassan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, William L. Everitt Laboratory, 1406 W. Green St., Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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Defour A, Van der Meulen JH, Bhat R, Bigot A, Bashir R, Nagaraju K, Jaiswal JK. Dysferlin regulates cell membrane repair by facilitating injury-triggered acid sphingomyelinase secretion. Cell Death Dis 2014; 5:e1306. [PMID: 24967968 PMCID: PMC4079937 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2014.272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Revised: 05/08/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Dysferlin deficiency compromises the repair of injured muscle, but the underlying cellular mechanism remains elusive. To study this phenomenon, we have developed mouse and human myoblast models for dysferlinopathy. These dysferlinopathic myoblasts undergo normal differentiation but have a deficit in their ability to repair focal injury to their cell membrane. Imaging cells undergoing repair showed that dysferlin-deficit decreased the number of lysosomes present at the cell membrane, resulting in a delay and reduction in injury-triggered lysosomal exocytosis. We find repair of injured cells does not involve formation of intracellular membrane patch through lysosome-lysosome fusion; instead, individual lysosomes fuse with the injured cell membrane, releasing acid sphingomyelinase (ASM). ASM secretion was reduced in injured dysferlinopathic cells, and acute treatment with sphingomyelinase restored the repair ability of dysferlinopathic myoblasts and myofibers. Our results provide the mechanism for dysferlin-mediated repair of skeletal muscle sarcolemma and identify ASM as a potential therapy for dysferlinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Defour
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Medical Center, 111 Michigan Avenue NW, Washington, DC, USA
| | - J H Van der Meulen
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Medical Center, 111 Michigan Avenue NW, Washington, DC, USA
| | - R Bhat
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Medical Center, 111 Michigan Avenue NW, Washington, DC, USA
| | - A Bigot
- Institut de Myologie, UM76 Université Pierre et Marie Curie, U974 INSERM, UMR7215 CNRS, GH Pitié-Salpétrière, 47 bd de l'Hôpital, Paris, France
| | - R Bashir
- School of Biological and Biochemical Sciences, University of Durham, Durham, UK
| | - K Nagaraju
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Medical Center, 111 Michigan Avenue NW, Washington, DC, USA
- Department of Integrative Systems Biology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
| | - J K Jaiswal
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Medical Center, 111 Michigan Avenue NW, Washington, DC, USA
- Department of Integrative Systems Biology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
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Hassan U, Watkins NN, Edwards C, Bashir R. Flow metering characterization within an electrical cell counting microfluidic device. Lab Chip 2014; 14:1469-76. [PMID: 24615248 DOI: 10.1039/c3lc51278a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidic devices based on the Coulter principle require a small aperture for cell counting. For applications using such cell counting devices, the volume of the sample also needs to be metered to determine the absolute cell count in a specific volume. Hence, integrated methods to characterize and meter the volume of a fluid are required in these microfluidic devices. Here, we present fluid flow characterization and electrically-based sample metering results of blood through a measurement channel with a cross-section of 15 μm × 15 μm (i.e. the Coulter aperture). Red blood cells in whole blood are lysed and the remaining fluid, consisting of leukocytes, erythrocyte cell lysate and various reagents, is flown at different flow rates through the measurement aperture. The change in impedance across the electrodes embedded in the counting channel shows a linear relationship with the increase in the fluid flow rate. We also show that the fluid volume can be determined by measuring the decrease in pulse width, and increase in number of cells as they pass through the counting channel per unit time.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Hassan
- William L. Everett Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1406 W. Green St., Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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Chan V, Kong HJ, Bashir R. 3D fabrication of biological machines. Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 2013; 2013:314-7. [PMID: 24109687 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2013.6609500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Cell-based biological machines can be defined as a set of sub-components consisting of living cells and cell-instructive micro-environments that interact to perform a range of prescribed tasks. The realization of biological machines and their sub-components will require a number of suitable cell sources, biomaterials, and enabling technologies. Here, we review our group's recent accomplishments and continuing efforts toward the development of building biological machines.
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Watkins N, Hassan U, Rodriguez W, Bashir R. Electrical flow metering of blood for point-of-care diagnostics. Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 2013; 2012:3255-7. [PMID: 23366620 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2012.6346659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
We have developed a microfabricated chip that creates a purified white blood cell (WBC) population from whole blood samples and then electrically analyzes the WBCs at the same time as measuring sample volume flown. The flow metering is based on the measurement of the electrical admittance between microelectrodes inside a microfluidic channel. We found that the admittance related to the flow rate linearly. WBC counts which correlated with the flow rate shows how this technique is a viable method in metering and analyzing blood and other biological samples in a point-of-care environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Watkins
- Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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Trinidad-Mas M, Delgado A, Bashir R, Slansky A, Lopez-Alberola R. Encephalocele: The Dilemma of When To Surgically Intervene (P07.275). Neurology 2012. [DOI: 10.1212/wnl.78.1_meetingabstracts.p07.275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Bashir R, Sharma K, Gualberto G, Carrasquillo J. Late Onset Cobalamin C Disease: A Case Report of an Adolescent Presenting with Peripheral Neuropathy (P03.189). Neurology 2012. [DOI: 10.1212/wnl.78.1_meetingabstracts.p03.189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Ramachandran U, Barresi R, Marlow G, Henderson M, Mahjneh I, Bashir R. P71 Characterisation of novel ANO5 antibodies. Neuromuscul Disord 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s0960-8966(12)70079-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Ruben E, Jamai A, Afzal J, Njiti VN, Triwitayakorn K, Iqbal MJ, Yaegashi S, Bashir R, Kazi S, Arelli P, Town CD, Ishihara H, Meksem K, Lightfoot DA. Erratum to: Genomic analysis of the rhg1 locus: candidate genes that underlie soybean resistance to the cyst nematode. Mol Genet Genomics 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s00438-011-0606-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Bashir R, Akin D, Gómez R, Li H, Chang W, Gupta A. From BioMEMS to Bionanotechnology: Integrated BioChips for the Detection of Cells and Microorganisms. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1557/proc-773-n9.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThis paper reviews the interdisciplinary work performed in our group in recent years to develop micro-integrated devices to characterize biological entities. We present the use of electrical and mechanically based phenomena to perform characterization and various functions needed for integrated biochips. One sub-system takes advantage of the dielectrophoretic effect to sort and concentrate cells within a micro-fluidic biochip. Another sub-system measures impedance changes produced by the metabolic activity of cells to determine their viability. A third sub-system is used to detect the mass of bacteria as they bind to micro-mechanical silicon cantilevers. These devices with an electronic signal output can be very useful in producing practical systems for rapid detection and characterization of cells for a wide variety of applications in the food safety and health diagnostics industries.
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Zafar J, Bhatti F, Akhtar N, Rasheed U, Bashir R, Humayun S, Waheed A, Younus F, Nazar M. Prevalence and risk factors for diabetes mellitus in a selected urban population of a city in Punjab. J PAK MED ASSOC 2011; 61:40-47. [PMID: 22368901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To estimate the prevalence of diabetes mellitus (diagnosed and undiagnosed), impaired fasting glucose and possible risk factors for diabetes mellitus among Pakistani population. METHODS This cross sectional study was performed in Rawalpindi which is one of the cities in Northern Punjab of Pakistan in July 2008. An area was selected in Rawalpindi city, with mixed population representative of almost all provinces with different socioeconomic groups. Three hundred and thirteen houses were selected through systematic random sampling technique and fasting blood glucose was obtained and subjects were labeled to have diabetes according to WHO criteria of diagnosing diabetes mellitus. The statistical analysis was performed by using Stata version 10. RESULTS There were 1091 respondents who were selected after cleaning the data, among them 293 were males and 798 were females. Of the total 15.41% of the males and 12.31% of females were found to have diabetes mellitus. Thus making a total prevalence of 13.14%. Impaired fasting glucose (IFG) was found in 5.14% males and 5.78% females making a total prevalence of 5.61%. Over all (DM & IFG) was found to be 20.55% in males and 18.09% in females. The main risk factors identified were obesity, family history, hypertension and increasing age. CONCLUSION There is an increased prevalence of Type 2 diabetes in Pakistan and main risk factors identified were obesity, overweight, family history of diabetes mellitus, and hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamal Zafar
- Department of General Medicine, Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences, Islamabad
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Bolduc V, Marlow G, Conte T, Lariviere R, Boycott K, Saleki K, Inoue H, Kroon J, Itakura M, Robitaille Y, Parent L, Baas F, Mizuta K, Kamata N, Richard I, Linssen W, Mahjneh I, de Visser M, Bashir R, Brais B. O.9 Recessive mutations in the putative calcium-activated chloride channel Anoctamin 5 cause proximal LGMD2L and distal MMD3 muscular dystrophies. Neuromuscul Disord 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2010.07.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Newaz AKM, Chang WJ, Wallace KD, Edge LC, Wickline SA, Bashir R, Gilbertson AM, Cohen LF, Solin SA. A nanoscale Ti∕GaAs metal-semiconductor hybrid sensor for room temperature light detection. Appl Phys Lett 2010; 97:082105. [PMID: 20859535 PMCID: PMC2941515 DOI: 10.1063/1.3480611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2010] [Accepted: 07/17/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We report an individually addressable Ti∕GaAs metal-semiconductor hybrid optical nanosensor with positive photoresistance and a sensitivity that increases as the device dimensions shrink. The underlying physics relates to the crossover from ballistic to diffusive transport of the photoinduced carriers and the geometric enhancement of the effect associated with a Schottky-barrier-coupled parallel metal shunt layer. For a 250 nm device under 633 nm illumination we observe a specific detectivity of D(*)=5.06×10(11) cm √Hz∕W with a dynamic response of 40 dB.
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Venkatesan BM, Shah AB, Zuo JM, Bashir R. DNA Sensing using Nano-crystalline Surface Enhanced Al(2)O(3) Nanopore Sensors. Adv Funct Mater 2010; 20:1266-1275. [PMID: 23335871 PMCID: PMC3546516 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.200902128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
A new solid-state, Al(2)O(3) nanopore sensor with enhanced surface properties for the real-time detection and analysis of individual DNA molecules is reported. Nanopore formation using electron beam based decomposition transformed the local nanostructure and morphology of the pore from an amorphous, stoichiometric structure (O to Al ratio of 1.5) to a hetero-phase crystalline network, deficient in O (O to Al ratio of ~0.6). Direct metallization of the pore region was observed during irradiation, thereby permitting the potential fabrication of nano-scale metallic contacts in the pore region with potential application to nanopore-based DNA sequencing. Dose dependent phase transformations to purely γ and/or α-phase nanocrystallites were also observed during pore formation allowing for surface charge engineering at the nanopore/fluid interface. DNA transport studies revealed an order of magnitude reduction in translocation velocities relative to alternate solid-state architectures, accredited to high surface charge density and the nucleation of charged nanocrystalline domains. The unique surface properties of Al(2)O(3) nanopore sensors makes them ideal for the detection and analysis of ssDNA, dsDNA, RNA secondary structures and small proteins. These nano-scale sensors may also serve as a useful tool in studying the mechanisms driving biological processes including DNA-protein interactions and enzyme activity at the single molecule level.
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Affiliation(s)
- B M Venkatesan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA, 61801 ; Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA, 61801
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Marlow G, Bolduc V, Boycott K, Saleki K, Inoue H, Kroon J, Itakura M, Robitaille Y, Parent L, Baas F, Mizuta K, Kamata N, Richard I, Linssen W, Mahjneh I, de Visser M, Brais B, Bashir R. P13 Identification of a novel group of muscular dystrophies, the Anoctaminopathies, caused by recessive mutations in the putative calcium activated chloride channel, ANO5. Neuromuscul Disord 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s0960-8966(10)70028-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Somer M, Paetau A, Lamminen A, Bashir R, Mahjneh I. FP42-TH-04 Autosomal recessive distal muscular dystrophy: a new entity. J Neurol Sci 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-510x(09)70493-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Bashir R. O95 Surgical management of uterine prolapse with uterine conservation by abdominal suspension procedure. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s0020-7292(09)60467-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Gilbertson AM, Newaz AKM, Chang WJ, Bashir R, Solin SA, Cohen LF. Dimensional crossover and weak localization in a 90 nm n-GaAs thin film. Appl Phys Lett 2009; 95:12113. [PMID: 19668705 PMCID: PMC2723832 DOI: 10.1063/1.3176968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2009] [Accepted: 06/22/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We report on the magnetotransport in a 90 nm thick n-type GaAs epitaxial thin film in the weak localization (WL) regime. Low temperature (T</=50 K) magnetotransport data are fit with WL theory, from which the phase coherence time, tau(varphi) proportional, variantT(-p) (p=1.22+/-0.01), are extracted. We conclude that the dominant dephasing mechanism at these temperatures is electron-electron (e-e) scattering in the Nyquist limit. Evidence of a crossover from two-dimensional to three-dimensional behavior with respect to both coherent transport (WL) and e-e interactions is observed in the temperature dependence of the zero-field conductivity and tau(varphi), respectively.
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Venkatesan BM, Elibol OH, Dorvel B, Park K, Bashir R. Research Highlights. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2008. [DOI: 10.2217/17435889.3.5.613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- B Murali Venkatesan
- Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - OH Elibol
- Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - B Dorvel
- Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- BioPhysics Program, University of Illinois, Urban-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - K Park
- Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - R Bashir
- Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
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Ramachandran U, Saleki K, Marlow G, Bashir R. G.P.10.13 Evidence of ferlin mediated membrane shedding in muscle cells highlights the existence of muscle cell exosomes, myosomes. Neuromuscul Disord 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2008.06.239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Liu YS, Walter TM, Chang WJ, Lim KS, Yang L, Lee SW, Aronson A, Bashir R. Electrical detection of germination of viable model Bacillus anthracis spores in microfluidic biochips. Lab Chip 2007; 7:603-10. [PMID: 17476379 DOI: 10.1039/b702408h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we present a new impedance-based method to detect viable spores by electrically detecting their germination in real time within microfluidic biochips. We used Bacillus anthracis Sterne spores as the model organism. During germination, the spores release polar and ionic chemicals, such as dipicolinic acid (DPA), calcium ions, phosphate ions, and amino acids, which correspondingly increase the electrical conductivity of the medium in which the spores are suspended. We first present macro-scale measurements demonstrating that the germination of spores can be electrically detected at a concentration of 10(9) spores ml(-1) in sample volumes of 5 ml, by monitoring changes in the solution conductivity. Germination was induced by introducing an optimized germinant solution consisting of 10 mM L-alanine and 2 mM inosine. We then translated these results to a micro-fluidic biochip, which was a three-layer device: one layer of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) with valves, a second layer of PDMS with micro-fluidic channels and chambers, and the third layer with metal electrodes deposited on a pyrex substrate. Dielectrophoresis (DEP) was used to trap and concentrate the spores at the electrodes with greater than 90% efficiency, at a solution flow rate of 0.2 microl min(-1) with concentration factors between 107-109 spores ml(-1), from sample volumes of 1-5 microl. The spores were captured by DEP in deionized water within 1 min (total volume used ranged from 0.02 microl to 0.2 microl), and then germinant solution was introduced to the flow stream. The detection sensitivity was demonstrated to be as low as about a hundred spores in 0.1 nl, which is equivalent to a macroscale detection limit of approximately 10(9) spores ml(-1). We believe that this is the first demonstration of this application in microfluidic and BioMEMS devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Shao Liu
- Birck Nanotechnology Center, Brindley Bioscience Center, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
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Ruben E, Jamai A, Afzal J, Njiti VN, Triwitayakorn K, Iqbal MJ, Yaegashi S, Bashir R, Kazi S, Arelli P, Town CD, Ishihara H, Meksem K, Lightfoot DA. Genomic analysis of the rhg1 locus: candidate genes that underlie soybean resistance to the cyst nematode. Mol Genet Genomics 2006; 276:503-16. [PMID: 17024428 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-006-0150-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2006] [Accepted: 07/01/2006] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The rhg1 gene or genes lie at a recessive or co-dominant locus, necessary for resistance to all Hg types of the soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) cyst nematode (Heterodera glycines I.). The aim here was to identify nucleotide changes within a candidate gene found at the rhg1 locus that were capable of altering resistance to Hg types 0 (race 3). A 1.5 +/- 0.25 cM region of chromosome 18 (linkage group G) was shown to encompass rhg1 using recombination events from four near isogenic line populations and nine DNA markers. The DNA markers anchored two bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) clones 21d9 and 73p6. A single receptor like kinase (RLK; leucine rich repeat-transmembrane-protein kinase) candidate resistance gene was amplified from both BACs using redundant primers. The DNA sequence showed nine alleles of the RLK at Rhg1 in the soybean germplasm. Markers designed to detect alleles showed perfect association between allele 1 and resistance to soybean cyst nematode Hg types 0 in three segregating populations, fifteen additional selected recombination events and twenty-two Plant Introductions. A quantitative trait nucleotide (QTN) [corrected] in the RLK at rhg1 was inferred that alters A87 to V87 in the context of H274 rather than N274. [corrected] Contiguous DNA sequence of 315 kbp of chromosome 18 (about 2 cM) contained additional gene candidates that may modulate resistance to other Hg-types including a variant laccase, a hydrogen-sodium ion antiport and two proteins of unknown function. A molecular basis for recessive and co-dominant resistance that involves interactions among paralagous disease-resistance genes was inferred that would improve methods for developing new nematode-resistant soybean cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Ruben
- Genomics Core Facility and Center of Excellence in Soybean Research, Teaching and Outreach, Department of Plant, Soil and Agricultural Systems, Southern Illinois University at Carbondale, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA
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Ghafoor A, Akin D, Bashir R. Delocalization of Vaccinia Virus Components Observed by Atomic Force and Fluorescence Microscopy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1385/nbt:1:4:337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Cohen BA, Khan O, Jeffery DR, Bashir K, Rizvi SA, Fox EJ, Agius M, Bashir R, Collins TE, Herndon R, Kinkel P, Mikol DD, Picone MA, Rivera V, Tornatore C, Zwibel H. Identifying and treating patients with suboptimal responses. Neurology 2004; 63:S33-40. [PMID: 15623669 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.63.12_suppl_6.s33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an immune-mediated neurologic disease in which acute inflammatory events early in the disease course contribute to subsequent neurologic disability. The early relapsing inflammatory phase is followed by a progressive degenerative phase in which the frequency of acute inflammatory attacks diminishes but progressive loss of neurologic function continues. Current immune therapies are most effective in suppressing the acute inflammatory events that characterize the earlier stages of disease. Optimal suppression of these inflammatory events is likely to have the best potential for delaying or preventing loss of axons and decline in neurologic function. In view of these considerations, and because MS is a heterogeneous disease and response to disease-modifying agents (DMA) varies across individuals, it is important to identify suboptimal responders as early as possible to allow therapeutic modification while the opportunity to avert future loss of function remains. At present, no criteria for identifying suboptimal responders have been validated. In January 2004, a group of neurologists from 16 MS centers in the United States met to develop a consensus on criteria for defining suboptimal response for use in compelling clinical situations and to prompt clinical studies to validate the efficacy of these criteria. Consensus criteria included relapse rates of either 1/year or unchanged from pretreatment rates, incomplete recovery from multiple attacks, evolution of polyregional neurologic involvement, recurrent brainstem or spinal cord lesions, and cumulative loss of neurologic function sufficient to disrupt daily activities. The panel then considered the use of mitoxantrone for patients with worsening MS and a suboptimal response to DMA therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- B A Cohen
- Davee Department of Neurology, Northwestern University, 710 North Lake Shore Drive, Abbott Hall 1121, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA.
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Geng T, Kim KP, Gomez R, Sherman DM, Bashir R, Ladisch MR, Bhunia AK. Expression of cellular antigens of Listeria monocytogenes that react with monoclonal antibodies C11E9 and EM-7G1 under acid-, salt- or temperature-induced stress environments. J Appl Microbiol 2003; 95:762-72. [PMID: 12969290 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2672.2003.02035.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To study the expression of cellular antigens of Listeria monocytogenes that react with monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) C11E9 and EM-7G1 under acid-, salt- or temperature-induced stress environments. METHODS AND RESULTS The reaction patterns of antibodies to L. monocytogenes held in stressful environments for a short duration (3 h) or grown for extended periods (16-72 h) were investigated. During both short or prolonged exposure to stress environments of high temperature (45 degrees C) and NaCl (>1.5%, w/v), reactions of whole cells of L. monocytogenes to antibodies were severely affected as determined by ELISA and by the reduced expression of the antibody-reactive 66 kDa antigen in the Western blot assay. Conversely, cold (4-15 degrees C) or acid (pH 2-3) stress environments had very little effect on antigen expression or antibody reaction. Additionally, heat-killed cells showed reduced reactions to these antibodies when compared with unheated cells. Artificially created stress environments in hotdog slurry also affected the antigen expression in L. monocytogenes. Immunoelectron microscopy revealed that the antibody-reactive antigens were uniformly present on the surface of the cells. Morphological characteristics following growth in stressed environments revealed that heat stress at 45 degrees C caused L. monocytogenes cells to be elongated and to form clumps; whereas, osmotic stress (5.5% NaCl, w/v) caused filamentous appearance with multiple septa along the length of the cell. CONCLUSIONS These results indicated that MAb C11E9 or EM-7G1 could detect L. monocytogenes from cold or acid-stress environments; however, they may show weaker reactions with heat or osmotically stressed cells or cells grown at 4 degrees C. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Bacteria in food are routinely subjected to various stresses, induced by cold, heat, salt or acid during processing and storage. Whether stresses would modify the expression of cellular antigens of L. monocytogenes is of a great concern for immunodetections in food products.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Geng
- Molecular Food Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47906-2009, USA
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Brockington M, Yuva Y, Prandini P, Brown SC, Torelli S, Benson MA, Herrmann R, Anderson LV, Bashir R, Burgunder JM, Fallet S, Romero N, Fardeau M, Straub V, Storey G, Pollitt C, Richard I, Sewry CA, Bushby K, Voit T, Blake DJ, Muntoni F. Mutations in the fukutin-related protein gene (FKRP) identify limb girdle muscular dystrophy 2I as a milder allelic variant of congenital muscular dystrophy MDC1C. Hum Mol Genet 2001; 10:2851-9. [PMID: 11741828 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/10.25.2851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 317] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The limb girdle and congenital muscular dystrophies (LGMD and CMD) are characterized by skeletal muscle weakness and dystrophic muscle changes. The onset of symptoms in CMD is within the first few months of life, whereas in LGMD they can occur in late childhood, adolescence or adult life. We have recently demonstrated that the fukutin-related protein gene (FKRP) is mutated in a severe form of CMD (MDC1C), characterized by the inability to walk, leg muscle hypertrophy and a secondary deficiency of laminin alpha2 and alpha-dystroglycan. Both MDC1C and LGMD2I map to an identical region on chromosome 19q13.3. To investigate whether these are allelic disorders, we undertook mutation analysis of FKRP in 25 potential LGMD2I families, including some with a severe and early onset phenotype. Mutations were identified in individuals from 17 families. A variable reduction of alpha-dystroglycan expression was observed in the skeletal muscle biopsy of all individuals studied. In addition, several cases showed a deficiency of laminin alpha2 either by immunocytochemistry or western blotting. Unexpectedly, affected individuals from 15 families had an identical C826A (Leu276Ileu) mutation, including five that were homozygous for this change. Linkage analysis identified at least two possible haplotypes in linkage disequilibrium with this mutation. Patients with the C826A change had the clinically less severe LGMD2I phenotype, suggesting that this is a less disruptive FKRP mutation than those found in MDC1C. The spectrum of LGMD2I phenotypes ranged from infants with an early presentation and a Duchenne-like disease course including cardiomyopathy, to milder phenotypes compatible with a favourable long-term outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Brockington
- Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, UK
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Abstract
The "living" radical polymerization with an iniferter was used to create micropatterned biomedical surfaces. Novel, photosensitive biomedical polymers were created by the incorporation of dithiocarbamate groups from iniferters. A second monomer layer was then irradiated onto the photosensitive polymer substrate created with the iniferter to form a copolymer. Patterns were created on the films by application of modified microfabrication-based photolithographic techniques. The technique was used to create patterns with depths from 5 to 80 microm. In addition, various polymers were incorporated, including polyethylene glycol methacrylates, styrene, and methacrylic acid, to synthesize regions with different physico-chemical properties. Applications include novel surfaces for biosensors and biomaterials for the selective adhesion of cells and proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Ward
- School of Chemical Engineering, 1283 Chemical Engineering Building, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907-1283, USA
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Aoki M, Liu J, Richard I, Bashir R, Britton S, Keers SM, Oeltjen J, Brown HE, Marchand S, Bourg N, Beley C, McKenna-Yasek D, Arahata K, Bohlega S, Cupler E, Illa I, Majneh I, Barohn RJ, Urtizberea JA, Fardeau M, Amato A, Angelini C, Bushby K, Beckmann JS, Brown RH. Genomic organization of the dysferlin gene and novel mutations in Miyoshi myopathy. Neurology 2001; 57:271-8. [PMID: 11468312 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.57.2.271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Mutations in the skeletal muscle gene dysferlin cause two autosomal recessive forms of muscular dystrophy: Miyoshi myopathy (MM) and limb girdle muscular dystrophy type 2B (LGMD2B). The purpose of this study was to define the genomic organization of the dysferlin gene and conduct mutational screening and a survey of clinical features in 21 patients with defined molecular defects in the dysferlin gene. METHODS Genomic organization of the gene was determined by comparing the dysferlin cDNA and genomic sequence in P1-derived artificial chromosomes (PACs) containing the gene. Mutational screening entailed conformational analysis and sequencing of genomic DNA and cDNA. Clinical records of patients with defined dysferlin gene defects were reviewed retrospectively. RESULTS The dysferlin gene encompasses 55 exons spanning over 150 kb of genomic DNA. Mutational screening revealed nine novel mutations associated with MM. The range of onset in this patient group was narrow with a mean of 19.0 +/- 3.9 years. CONCLUSION This study confirms that the dysferlin gene is mutated in MM and LGMD2B and extends understanding of the timing of onset of the disease. Knowledge of the genomic organization of the gene will facilitate mutation detection and investigations of the molecular biologic properties of the dysferlin gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Aoki
- Day Neuromuscular Research Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital East, Charlestown 02129, USA
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Bashir R, Gomez R, Sarikaya A, Ladisch MR, Sturgis J, Robinson JP. Adsorption of avidin on microfabricated surfaces for protein biochip applications. Biotechnol Bioeng 2001; 73:324-8. [PMID: 11283915 DOI: 10.1002/bit.1065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The adsorption of the protein avidin from hen egg white on patterns of silicon dioxide and platinum surfaces on a microchip and the use of fluorescent microscopy to detect binding of biotin are described. A silicon dioxide microchip was formed using plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition while platinum was deposited using radiofrequency sputtering. After cleaning using a plasma arc, the chips were placed into solutions containing avidin or bovine serum albumin. The avidin was adsorbed onto the microchips from phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) or from PBS to which ammonium sulfate had been added. Avidin was also adsorbed onto bovine serum albumin (BSA)-coated surfaces of oxide and platinum. Fluorescence microscopy was used to confirm adsorption of labeled protein, or the binding of fluorescently labeled biotin onto previously adsorbed, unlabeled avidin. When labeled biotin in PBS was presented to avidin adsorbed onto a BSA-coated microchip, the fluorescence signal was significantly higher than for avidin adsorbed onto the biochip alone. The results show that a simple, low-cost adsorption process can deposit active protein onto a chip in an approach that has potential application in the development of protein biochips for the detection of biological species.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Bashir
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, 1285 EE Building, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA.
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Vafiadaki E, Reis A, Keers S, Harrison R, Anderson LV, Raffelsberger T, Ivanova S, Hoger H, Bittner RE, Bushby K, Bashir R. Cloning of the mouse dysferlin gene and genomic characterization of the SJL-Dysf mutation. Neuroreport 2001; 12:625-9. [PMID: 11234777 DOI: 10.1097/00001756-200103050-00039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The SJL mouse strain has been widely used as an animal model for experimental autoimmune encephalitis (EAE), inflammatory muscle disease and lymphomas and has also been used as a background strain for the generation of animal models for a variety of diseases including motor neurone disease, multiple sclerosis and atherosclerosis. Recently the SJL mouse was shown to have myopathy due to dysferlin deficiency, so that it can now be considered a natural animal model for limb-girdle muscular dystrophy type 2B (LGMD2B) and Miyoshi myopathy (MM). We have cloned the mouse dysferlin cDNA and analysis of the sequence shows that the mouse dysferlin gene is characterized by six C2 domain sequences and a C-terminal anchoring domain, with the human and the mouse dysferlin genes sharing > 90% sequence homology overall. Genomic analysis of the SJL mutation confirms that the 171 bp RNA deletion has arisen by exon skipping resulting from a splice site mutation. The identification of this mutation has implications for the various groups using this widely available mouse stock.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Vafiadaki
- School of Biochemistry and Genetics, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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