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van Rheenen W, Shatunov A, Dekker AM, McLaughlin RL, Diekstra FP, Pulit SL, van der Spek RAA, Võsa U, de Jong S, Robinson MR, Yang J, Fogh I, van Doormaal PT, Tazelaar GHP, Koppers M, Blokhuis AM, Sproviero W, Jones AR, Kenna KP, van Eijk KR, Harschnitz O, Schellevis RD, Brands WJ, Medic J, Menelaou A, Vajda A, Ticozzi N, Lin K, Rogelj B, Vrabec K, Ravnik-Glavač M, Koritnik B, Zidar J, Leonardis L, Grošelj LD, Millecamps S, Salachas F, Meininger V, de Carvalho M, Pinto S, Mora JS, Rojas-García R, Polak M, Chandran S, Colville S, Swingler R, Morrison KE, Shaw PJ, Hardy J, Orrell RW, Pittman A, Sidle K, Fratta P, Malaspina A, Topp S, Petri S, Abdulla S, Drepper C, Sendtner M, Meyer T, Ophoff RA, Staats KA, Wiedau-Pazos M, Lomen-Hoerth C, Van Deerlin VM, Trojanowski JQ, Elman L, McCluskey L, Basak AN, Tunca C, Hamzeiy H, Parman Y, Meitinger T, Lichtner P, Radivojkov-Blagojevic M, Andres CR, Maurel C, Bensimon G, Landwehrmeyer B, Brice A, Payan CAM, Saker-Delye S, Dürr A, Wood NW, Tittmann L, Lieb W, Franke A, Rietschel M, Cichon S, Nöthen MM, Amouyel P, Tzourio C, Dartigues JF, Uitterlinden AG, Rivadeneira F, Estrada K, Hofman A, Curtis C, Blauw HM, van der Kooi AJ, de Visser M, Goris A, Weber M, Shaw CE, Smith BN, Pansarasa O, Cereda C, Del Bo R, Comi GP, D'Alfonso S, Bertolin C, Sorarù G, Mazzini L, Pensato V, Gellera C, Tiloca C, Ratti A, Calvo A, Moglia C, Brunetti M, Arcuti S, Capozzo R, Zecca C, Lunetta C, Penco S, Riva N, Padovani A, Filosto M, Muller B, Stuit RJ, Blair I, Zhang K, McCann EP, Fifita JA, Nicholson GA, Rowe DB, Pamphlett R, Kiernan MC, Grosskreutz J, Witte OW, Ringer T, Prell T, Stubendorff B, Kurth I, Hübner CA, Leigh PN, Casale F, Chio A, Beghi E, Pupillo E, Tortelli R, Logroscino G, Powell J, Ludolph AC, Weishaupt JH, Robberecht W, Van Damme P, Franke L, Pers TH, Brown RH, Glass JD, Landers JE, Hardiman O, Andersen PM, Corcia P, Vourc'h P, Silani V, Wray NR, Visscher PM, de Bakker PIW, van Es MA, Pasterkamp RJ, Lewis CM, Breen G, Al-Chalabi A, van den Berg LH, Veldink JH. Genome-wide association analyses identify new risk variants and the genetic architecture of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Nat Genet 2016; 48:1043-8. [PMID: 27455348 PMCID: PMC5556360 DOI: 10.1038/ng.3622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 374] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
To elucidate the genetic architecture of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and find associated loci, we assembled a custom imputation reference panel from whole-genome-sequenced patients with ALS and matched controls (n = 1,861). Through imputation and mixed-model association analysis in 12,577 cases and 23,475 controls, combined with 2,579 cases and 2,767 controls in an independent replication cohort, we fine-mapped a new risk locus on chromosome 21 and identified C21orf2 as a gene associated with ALS risk. In addition, we identified MOBP and SCFD1 as new associated risk loci. We established evidence of ALS being a complex genetic trait with a polygenic architecture. Furthermore, we estimated the SNP-based heritability at 8.5%, with a distinct and important role for low-frequency variants (frequency 1-10%). This study motivates the interrogation of larger samples with full genome coverage to identify rare causal variants that underpin ALS risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wouter van Rheenen
- Department of Neurology, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Aleksey Shatunov
- Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Annelot M Dekker
- Department of Neurology, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Russell L McLaughlin
- Population Genetics Laboratory, Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Frank P Diekstra
- Department of Neurology, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Sara L Pulit
- Department of Medical Genetics, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Rick A A van der Spek
- Department of Neurology, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Urmo Võsa
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Simone de Jong
- MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, Maudsley Hospital and Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Matthew R Robinson
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jian Yang
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Isabella Fogh
- Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - Perry Tc van Doormaal
- Department of Neurology, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Gijs H P Tazelaar
- Department of Neurology, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Max Koppers
- Department of Neurology, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Anna M Blokhuis
- Department of Neurology, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - William Sproviero
- Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Ashley R Jones
- Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Kevin P Kenna
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kristel R van Eijk
- Department of Neurology, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Oliver Harschnitz
- Department of Neurology, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Raymond D Schellevis
- Department of Neurology, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - William J Brands
- Department of Neurology, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jelena Medic
- Department of Neurology, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Androniki Menelaou
- Department of Medical Genetics, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Alice Vajda
- Academic Unit of Neurology, Trinity College Dublin, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Neurology, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Nicola Ticozzi
- Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
- Department of Pathophysiology and Tranplantation, 'Dino Ferrari' Center, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Kuang Lin
- Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Boris Rogelj
- Department of Biotechnology, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Biomedical Research Institute BRIS, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Katarina Vrabec
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Metka Ravnik-Glavač
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Blaž Koritnik
- Ljubljana ALS Centre, Institute of Clinical Neurophysiology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Janez Zidar
- Ljubljana ALS Centre, Institute of Clinical Neurophysiology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Lea Leonardis
- Ljubljana ALS Centre, Institute of Clinical Neurophysiology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Leja Dolenc Grošelj
- Ljubljana ALS Centre, Institute of Clinical Neurophysiology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Stéphanie Millecamps
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière, INSERM U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, UMRS 1127, Paris, France
| | - François Salachas
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière, INSERM U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, UMRS 1127, Paris, France
- Centre de Référence Maladies Rares SLA Ile de France, Département de Neurologie, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
- GRC-UPMC SLA et Maladies du Motoneurone, Paris, France
| | - Vincent Meininger
- Ramsay Generale de Santé, Hôpital Peupliers, Paris, France
- Réseau SLA Ile de France, Paris, France
| | - Mamede de Carvalho
- Institute of Physiology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
- Department of Neurosciences, Hospital de Santa Maria-CHLN, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Susana Pinto
- Institute of Physiology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
- Department of Neurosciences, Hospital de Santa Maria-CHLN, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Jesus S Mora
- Department of Neurology, Hospital San Rafael, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ricardo Rojas-García
- Neurology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau de Barcelona, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Meraida Polak
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Emory ALS Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Siddharthan Chandran
- Euan MacDonald Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Neuroregeneration and Medical Research Council Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Shuna Colville
- Euan MacDonald Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Robert Swingler
- Euan MacDonald Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Pamela J Shaw
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - John Hardy
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Richard W Orrell
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Alan Pittman
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
- Reta Lila Weston Institute, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Katie Sidle
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Pietro Fratta
- Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Andrea Malaspina
- Centre for Neuroscience and Trauma, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- North-East London and Essex Regional Motor Neuron Disease Care Centre, London, UK
| | - Simon Topp
- Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Susanne Petri
- Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Susanne Abdulla
- Department of Neurology, Otto von Güricke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Carsten Drepper
- Institute of Clinical Neurobiology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Michael Sendtner
- Institute of Clinical Neurobiology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Meyer
- Department of Neurology, Charité University Hospital, Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany
| | - Roel A Ophoff
- Department of Psychiatry, Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Kim A Staats
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Martina Wiedau-Pazos
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Catherine Lomen-Hoerth
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Vivianna M Van Deerlin
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - John Q Trojanowski
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Lauren Elman
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Leo McCluskey
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - A Nazli Basak
- Neurodegeneration Research Laboratory, Bo[gcaron]aziçi University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ceren Tunca
- Neurodegeneration Research Laboratory, Bo[gcaron]aziçi University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hamid Hamzeiy
- Neurodegeneration Research Laboratory, Bo[gcaron]aziçi University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yesim Parman
- Neurology Department, Istanbul Medical School, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Thomas Meitinger
- Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Peter Lichtner
- Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | | | | | - Cindy Maurel
- INSERM U930, Université François Rabelais, Tours, France
| | - Gilbert Bensimon
- AP-HP, Département de Pharmacologie Clinique, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
- UPMC, Pharmacologie, Paris VI, Paris, France
- BESPIM, CHU de Nîmes, Nîmes, France
| | | | - Alexis Brice
- INSERM U1127, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
- CNRS UMR 7225, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Paris 06, UMRS 1127, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
- AP-HP, Département de Génétique, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Christine A M Payan
- AP-HP, Département de Pharmacologie Clinique, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
- BESPIM, CHU de Nîmes, Nîmes, France
| | | | - Alexandra Dürr
- Department of Medical Genetics, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière, Hôptial Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Nicholas W Wood
- Department of Neurogenetics, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Lukas Tittmann
- PopGen Biobank and Institute of Epidemiology, Christian Albrechts University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Lieb
- PopGen Biobank and Institute of Epidemiology, Christian Albrechts University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Andre Franke
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Marcella Rietschel
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sven Cichon
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center, Bonn, Germany
- Division of Medical Genetics, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine INM-1, Research Center Juelich, Juelich, Germany
| | - Markus M Nöthen
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center, Bonn, Germany
| | - Philippe Amouyel
- University of Lille, INSERM, CHU de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167-RID-AGE Risk Factor and Molecular Determinants of Aging Diseases, Lille, France
| | - Christophe Tzourio
- Bordeaux University, ISPED, Centre INSERM U1219-Epidemiologie Biostatistique et CIC-1401, CHU de Bordeaux, Pôle de Santé Publique, Bordeaux, France
| | - Jean-François Dartigues
- Bordeaux University, ISPED, Centre INSERM U1219-Epidemiologie Biostatistique et CIC-1401, CHU de Bordeaux, Pôle de Santé Publique, Bordeaux, France
| | - Andre G Uitterlinden
- Department of Internal Medicine, Genetics Laboratory, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Fernando Rivadeneira
- Department of Internal Medicine, Genetics Laboratory, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Karol Estrada
- Department of Internal Medicine, Genetics Laboratory, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Albert Hofman
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Charles Curtis
- MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, Maudsley Hospital and Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Hylke M Blauw
- Department of Neurology, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Anneke J van der Kooi
- Department of Neurology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marianne de Visser
- Department of Neurology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - An Goris
- Department of Neurosciences, Experimental Neurology, Leuven Research Institute for Neuroscience and Disease (LIND), KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Markus Weber
- Neuromuscular Diseases Unit/ALS Clinic, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Christopher E Shaw
- Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Bradley N Smith
- Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Orietta Pansarasa
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurobiology, IRCCS 'C. Mondino' National Institute of Neurology Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Cristina Cereda
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurobiology, IRCCS 'C. Mondino' National Institute of Neurology Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Roberto Del Bo
- Neurologic Unit, IRCCS Foundation Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Giacomo P Comi
- Neurologic Unit, IRCCS Foundation Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Sandra D'Alfonso
- Department of Health Sciences, Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Cinzia Bertolin
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Gianni Sorarù
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Letizia Mazzini
- Department of Neurology, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Viviana Pensato
- Unit of Genetics of Neurodegenerative and Metabolic Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico 'Carlo Besta', Milan, Italy
| | - Cinzia Gellera
- Unit of Genetics of Neurodegenerative and Metabolic Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico 'Carlo Besta', Milan, Italy
| | - Cinzia Tiloca
- Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonia Ratti
- Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
- Department of Pathophysiology and Tranplantation, 'Dino Ferrari' Center, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Calvo
- 'Rita Levi Montalcini' Department of Neuroscience, ALS Centre, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
- Azienda Ospedaliera Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin, Italy
| | - Cristina Moglia
- 'Rita Levi Montalcini' Department of Neuroscience, ALS Centre, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
- Azienda Ospedaliera Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin, Italy
| | - Maura Brunetti
- 'Rita Levi Montalcini' Department of Neuroscience, ALS Centre, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
- Azienda Ospedaliera Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin, Italy
| | - Simona Arcuti
- Department of Clinical Research in Neurology, University of Bari 'A. Moro' at Pia Fondazione 'Card. G. Panico', Tricase, Italy
| | - Rosa Capozzo
- Department of Clinical Research in Neurology, University of Bari 'A. Moro' at Pia Fondazione 'Card. G. Panico', Tricase, Italy
| | - Chiara Zecca
- Department of Clinical Research in Neurology, University of Bari 'A. Moro' at Pia Fondazione 'Card. G. Panico', Tricase, Italy
| | - Christian Lunetta
- NEMO Clinical Center, Serena Onlus Foundation, Niguarda Ca' Granda Hostipal, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvana Penco
- Medical Genetics Unit, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Niguarda Ca' Granda Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Nilo Riva
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSPE), Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Padovani
- Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Filosto
- Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | | | | | - Ian Blair
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Katharine Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Emily P McCann
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jennifer A Fifita
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Garth A Nicholson
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- University of Sydney, ANZAC Research Institute, Concord Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Dominic B Rowe
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Roger Pamphlett
- Stacey MND Laboratory, Department of Pathology, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Matthew C Kiernan
- Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Julian Grosskreutz
- Hans Berger Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Otto W Witte
- Hans Berger Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Thomas Ringer
- Hans Berger Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Tino Prell
- Hans Berger Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | | | - Ingo Kurth
- Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | | | - P Nigel Leigh
- Department of Neurology, Brighton and Sussex Medical School Trafford Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Sussex, Falmer, UK
| | - Federico Casale
- 'Rita Levi Montalcini' Department of Neuroscience, ALS Centre, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Adriano Chio
- 'Rita Levi Montalcini' Department of Neuroscience, ALS Centre, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
- Azienda Ospedaliera Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin, Italy
| | - Ettore Beghi
- Laboratory of Neurological Diseases, Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Pupillo
- Laboratory of Neurological Diseases, Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy
| | - Rosanna Tortelli
- Department of Clinical Research in Neurology, University of Bari 'A. Moro' at Pia Fondazione 'Card. G. Panico', Tricase, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Logroscino
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari 'Aldo Moro', Bari, Italy
- Unit of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Clinical Research in Neurology, University of Bari 'Aldo Moro' at Pia Fondazione Cardinale G. Panico, Tricase, Italy
| | - John Powell
- Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | | | | | - Wim Robberecht
- Department of Neurosciences, Experimental Neurology, Leuven Research Institute for Neuroscience and Disease (LIND), KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Vesalius Research Center, Laboratory of Neurobiology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Neurology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Philip Van Damme
- Department of Neurosciences, Experimental Neurology, Leuven Research Institute for Neuroscience and Disease (LIND), KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Vesalius Research Center, Laboratory of Neurobiology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Neurology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lude Franke
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Tune H Pers
- Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Genetics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Center for Basic Translational Obesity Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Robert H Brown
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jonathan D Glass
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Emory ALS Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - John E Landers
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Orla Hardiman
- Academic Unit of Neurology, Trinity College Dublin, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Neurology, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Peter M Andersen
- Department of Neurology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neurosience, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Philippe Corcia
- INSERM U930, Université François Rabelais, Tours, France
- Centre SLA, CHRU de Tours, Tours, France
- Federation des Centres SLA Tours and Limoges, LITORALS, Tours, France
| | | | - Vincenzo Silani
- Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
- Department of Pathophysiology and Tranplantation, 'Dino Ferrari' Center, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Naomi R Wray
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Peter M Visscher
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Diamantina Institute, University of Queensland Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Paul I W de Bakker
- Department of Medical Genetics, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Michael A van Es
- Department of Neurology, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - R Jeroen Pasterkamp
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Cathryn M Lewis
- MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Gerome Breen
- MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, Maudsley Hospital and Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Ammar Al-Chalabi
- Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Leonard H van den Berg
- Department of Neurology, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jan H Veldink
- Department of Neurology, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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