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Blaszczak E, Pasquier E, Le Dez G, Odrzywolski A, Lazarewicz N, Brossard A, Fornal E, Moskalek P, Wysocki R, Rabut G. Dissecting Ubiquitylation and DNA Damage Response Pathways in the Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae Using a Proteome-Wide Approach. Mol Cell Proteomics 2024; 23:100695. [PMID: 38101750 PMCID: PMC10803944 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2023.100695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
In response to genotoxic stress, cells evolved with a complex signaling network referred to as the DNA damage response (DDR). It is now well established that the DDR depends upon various posttranslational modifications; among them, ubiquitylation plays a key regulatory role. Here, we profiled ubiquitylation in response to the DNA alkylating agent methyl methanesulfonate (MMS) in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae using quantitative proteomics. To discover new proteins ubiquitylated upon DNA replication stress, we used stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture, followed by an enrichment of ubiquitylated peptides and LC-MS/MS. In total, we identified 1853 ubiquitylated proteins, including 473 proteins that appeared upregulated more than 2-fold in response to MMS treatment. This enabled us to localize 519 ubiquitylation sites potentially regulated upon MMS in 435 proteins. We demonstrated that the overexpression of some of these proteins renders the cells sensitive to MMS. We also assayed the abundance change upon MMS treatment of a selection of yeast nuclear proteins. Several of them were differentially regulated upon MMS treatment. These findings corroborate the important role of ubiquitin-proteasome-mediated degradation in regulating the DDR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Blaszczak
- Department of Genetics and Cell Physiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland.
| | - Emeline Pasquier
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, INSERM, Institute of Genetics and Development of Rennes (IGDR), UMR 6290, U1305, Rennes, France
| | - Gaëlle Le Dez
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, INSERM, Institute of Genetics and Development of Rennes (IGDR), UMR 6290, U1305, Rennes, France
| | - Adrian Odrzywolski
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Natalia Lazarewicz
- Department of Genetics and Cell Physiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland; Univ Rennes, CNRS, INSERM, Institute of Genetics and Development of Rennes (IGDR), UMR 6290, U1305, Rennes, France
| | - Audrey Brossard
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, INSERM, Institute of Genetics and Development of Rennes (IGDR), UMR 6290, U1305, Rennes, France
| | - Emilia Fornal
- Department of Bioanalytics, Faculty of Biomedicine, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Piotr Moskalek
- Department of Genetics and Cell Physiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Robert Wysocki
- Department of Genetics and Cell Physiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Gwenaël Rabut
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, INSERM, Institute of Genetics and Development of Rennes (IGDR), UMR 6290, U1305, Rennes, France.
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Wysocki R, Rodrigues JI, Litwin I, Tamás MJ. Mechanisms of genotoxicity and proteotoxicity induced by the metalloids arsenic and antimony. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:342. [PMID: 37904059 PMCID: PMC10616229 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-04992-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic and antimony are metalloids with profound effects on biological systems and human health. Both elements are toxic to cells and organisms, and exposure is associated with several pathological conditions including cancer and neurodegenerative disorders. At the same time, arsenic- and antimony-containing compounds are used in the treatment of multiple diseases. Although these metalloids can both cause and cure disease, their modes of molecular action are incompletely understood. The past decades have seen major advances in our understanding of arsenic and antimony toxicity, emphasizing genotoxicity and proteotoxicity as key contributors to pathogenesis. In this review, we highlight mechanisms by which arsenic and antimony cause toxicity, focusing on their genotoxic and proteotoxic effects. The mechanisms used by cells to maintain proteostasis during metalloid exposure are also described. Furthermore, we address how metalloid-induced proteotoxicity may promote neurodegenerative disease and how genotoxicity and proteotoxicity may be interrelated and together contribute to proteinopathies. A deeper understanding of cellular toxicity and response mechanisms and their links to pathogenesis may promote the development of strategies for both disease prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Wysocki
- Department of Genetics and Cell Physiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Wroclaw, 50-328, Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Joana I Rodrigues
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Box 462, 405 30, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Ireneusz Litwin
- Academic Excellence Hub - Research Centre for DNA Repair and Replication, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Wroclaw, 50-328, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Markus J Tamás
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Box 462, 405 30, Göteborg, Sweden.
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Litwin I, Nowicka M, Markowska K, Maciaszczyk-Dziubińska E, Tomaszewska P, Wysocki R, Kramarz K. ISW1a modulates cohesin distribution in centromeric and pericentromeric regions. Nucleic Acids Res 2023; 51:9101-9121. [PMID: 37486771 PMCID: PMC10516642 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkad612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Cohesin is a highly conserved, multiprotein complex whose canonical function is to hold sister chromatids together to ensure accurate chromosome segregation. Cohesin association with chromatin relies on the Scc2-Scc4 cohesin loading complex that enables cohesin ring opening and topological entrapment of sister DNAs. To better understand how sister chromatid cohesion is regulated, we performed a proteomic screen in budding yeast that identified the Isw1 chromatin remodeler as a cohesin binding partner. In addition, we found that Isw1 also interacts with Scc2-Scc4. Lack of Isw1 protein, the Ioc3 subunit of ISW1a or Isw1 chromatin remodeling activity resulted in increased accumulation of cohesin at centromeres and pericentromeres, suggesting that ISW1a may promote efficient translocation of cohesin from the centromeric site of loading to neighboring regions. Consistent with the role of ISW1a in the chromatin organization of centromeric regions, Isw1 was found to be recruited to centromeres. In its absence we observed changes in the nucleosomal landscape at centromeres and pericentromeres. Finally, we discovered that upon loss of RSC functionality, ISW1a activity leads to reduced cohesin binding and cohesion defect. Taken together, our results support the notion of a key role of chromatin remodelers in the regulation of cohesin distribution on chromosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ireneusz Litwin
- Academic Excellence Hub - Research Centre for DNA Repair and Replication, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Wroclaw, 50-328 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Nowicka
- Department of Genetics and Cell Physiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Wroclaw, 50-328 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Markowska
- Academic Excellence Hub - Research Centre for DNA Repair and Replication, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Wroclaw, 50-328 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Maciaszczyk-Dziubińska
- Department of Genetics and Cell Physiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Wroclaw, 50-328 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Paulina Tomaszewska
- Department of Genetics and Cell Physiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Wroclaw, 50-328 Wroclaw, Poland
- Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Robert Wysocki
- Department of Genetics and Cell Physiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Wroclaw, 50-328 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Karol Kramarz
- Academic Excellence Hub - Research Centre for DNA Repair and Replication, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Wroclaw, 50-328 Wroclaw, Poland
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Zhang J, Wysocki R, Li F, Yu M, Martinoia E, Song WY. Role of ubiquitination in arsenic tolerance in plants. Trends Plant Sci 2023; 28:880-892. [PMID: 37002000 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2023.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic (As) is harmful to all living organisms, including humans and plants. To limit As uptake and avoid its toxicity, plants employ systems that regulate the uptake of As from the soil and its translocation from roots to grains. Ubiquitination, a highly conserved post-translational modification (PTM) in all eukaryotes, plays crucial roles in modulating As detoxification mechanisms in budding yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), but little is known about its roles in As tolerance and transport in plants. In this opinion article we review recent findings and suggest that ubiquitination plays a crucial role in regulating As transport in plants. We also propose ideas for future research to explore the importance of ubiquitination for enhancing As tolerance in crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- Research Center for Environmental Membrane Biology and Department of Horticulture, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong 528000, China
| | - Robert Wysocki
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Wroclaw, 50-328 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Fangbai Li
- National-Regional Joint Engineering Research Center for Soil Pollution Control and Remediation in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management, Institute of Eco-environmental and Soil Sciences, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Min Yu
- Research Center for Environmental Membrane Biology and Department of Horticulture, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong 528000, China.
| | - Enrico Martinoia
- Research Center for Environmental Membrane Biology and Department of Horticulture, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong 528000, China; Institute of Plant Biology, University Zurich, Zollikerstrasse 107, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Won-Yong Song
- Research Center for Environmental Membrane Biology and Department of Horticulture, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong 528000, China; Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea.
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Azimi H, Ahmad F, Sabet AD, Cohen M, Maschke S, Wysocki R, Simcock X. A Soft-Tissue Landmark to Assess Humeral Component Rotation in Total Elbow Arthroplasty. Cureus 2023; 15:e41729. [PMID: 37575873 PMCID: PMC10415048 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.41729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS Assessing the rotational alignment of the humeral component during total elbow arthroplasty is dependent upon bony landmarks that can be absent or altered in cases of distal humerus fractures, revision arthroplasty, severe bone loss, or deformity. We hypothesize that the intermuscular septum can be used as a reliable soft-tissue landmark to set the rotation of the humeral component intra-operatively when previously described bony landmarks are not reliable or present. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty-eight unpaired cadaveric human subjects (mean age and standard deviation 63 ± 12 years; 24 males, 24 females) underwent computed tomography (CT) scans. The geometric centers of the trochlea and capitellum were assessed, and the line through these two points was set as the flexion-extension axis (FEA) of the elbow. The intermuscular septum axis (IMSA) was drawn proximal to the olecranon fossa and at least 4 cm proximal to the most distal point of the articular surface, where the posterior humeral cortex was flat. The angles between the FEA and IMSA were calculated and compared using a two-tailed t-test. Regression analysis was used to assess the inter- and intra-observer reliability of the IMSA. RESULTS The IMSA was externally rotated 10.3° ± 2.8 compared to the FEA (p < 0.001 and confidence interval (CI) of 2.8 with α set to 0.01). The inter- and intra-observer reliability of the IMSA was high, with an R-value of 0.91 and 0.97, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The intermuscular septum can be used as a soft-tissue landmark to set humeral component rotation and is 10.3° externally rotated with respect to the FEA of the ulnohumeral joint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Azimi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, USA
| | - Farhan Ahmad
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, USA
| | - Andre D Sabet
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, USA
| | - Mark Cohen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, USA
| | - Steve Maschke
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, USA
| | - Robert Wysocki
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, USA
| | - Xavier Simcock
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, USA
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Ahmad F, Sabet AD, Cohen M, Hein R, Richard M, Simcock X, Wysocki R. Wound Complications Following Olecranon Fracture Fixation: Implant and Soft Tissue Considerations. Cureus 2023; 15:e41730. [PMID: 37575797 PMCID: PMC10415046 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.41730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this multicenter, retrospective, case-control series was to investigate patient- and treatment-specific factors associated with wound breakdown following olecranon fracture fixation. Methods: We identified patients at our two participating academic centers who were operatively treated for olecranon fractures and those who subsequently underwent a re-operation secondary to postoperative wound breakdown. Demographic and historical information was collected, including BMI and Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) scores. The primary outcome measure was the standardized radiographic measurement of plate prominence and soft tissue thickness posterior to the plate tip. Results: We identified 32 patients who underwent internal fixation and subsequent wound breakdown. This was compared to a cohort of 35 matched controls that did not have wound issues. Cases with wound breakdown were of higher energy, nine being open cases compared to two in the control group (p<0.05). No differences were identified in plate prominence, soft tissue thickness, and plate type. Conclusions: Wound breakdown following olecranon fracture fixation is more commonly seen in high-energy open injuries. Plate prominence, soft tissue thickness, and patient-specific factors do not correlate with wound breakdown. Further investigation into the factors influencing plate placement and how they may contribute to wound complications is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhan Ahmad
- Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Illinois, USA
| | - Andre D Sabet
- Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Illinois, USA
| | - Mark Cohen
- Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Illinois, USA
| | - Rachel Hein
- Orthopedics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, USA
| | - Marc Richard
- Orthopedics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, USA
| | - Xavier Simcock
- Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Illinois, USA
| | - Robert Wysocki
- Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Illinois, USA
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7
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Mizio K, Wawrzycka D, Staszewski J, Wysocki R, Maciaszczyk-Dziubinska E. Identification of amino acid substitutions that toggle substrate selectivity of the yeast arsenite transporter Acr3. J Hazard Mater 2023; 456:131653. [PMID: 37224717 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The Acr3 protein family plays a crucial role in metalloid detoxification and includes members from bacteria to higher plants. Most of the Acr3 transporters studied so far are specific for arsenite, whereas Acr3 from budding yeast also shows some capacity to transport antimonite. However, the molecular basis of Acr3 substrate specificity remains poorly understood. By analyzing randomly generated and rationally designed yeast Acr3 variants, critical residues determining substrate specificity were identified for the first time. Replacement of Val173 with Ala abolished antimonite transport without affecting arsenite extrusion. In contrast, substitution of Glu353 with Asp resulted in a loss of arsenite transport activity and a concomitant increase in antimonite translocation capacity. Importantly, Val173 is located close to the hypothetical substrate binding site, whereas Glu353 has been proposed to participate in substrate binding. Identification of key residues conferring substrate selectivity provides a valuable starting point for further studies of the Acr3 family and may have implications for the development of biotechnological applications in metalloid remediation. Moreover, our data contribute to understanding why members of the Acr3 family evolved as arsenite-specific transporters in an environment of ubiquitously present arsenic and trace amounts of antimony.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Mizio
- Department of Genetics and Cell Physiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Wroclaw, 50-328 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Donata Wawrzycka
- Department of Genetics and Cell Physiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Wroclaw, 50-328 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Jacek Staszewski
- Department of Genetics and Cell Physiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Wroclaw, 50-328 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Robert Wysocki
- Department of Genetics and Cell Physiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Wroclaw, 50-328 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Maciaszczyk-Dziubinska
- Department of Genetics and Cell Physiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Wroclaw, 50-328 Wroclaw, Poland.
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Maciaszczyk-Dziubinska E, Wawrzycka D, Sloma E, Migocka M, Wysocki R. Corrigendum to "The yeast permease Acr3p is a dual arsenite and antimonite plasma membrane transporter" [Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1798 (2010) 2170-2175]. Biochim Biophys Acta Biomembr 2022; 1864:183856. [PMID: 35000760 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2021.183856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Donata Wawrzycka
- Institute of Genetics and Microbiology, University of Wroclaw, 51-148 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Sloma
- Institute of Genetics and Microbiology, University of Wroclaw, 51-148 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Migocka
- Institute of Plant Biology, University of Wroclaw, 50-328 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Robert Wysocki
- Institute of Genetics and Microbiology, University of Wroclaw, 51-148 Wroclaw, Poland.
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9
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Romero AM, Maciaszczyk-Dziubinska E, Mombeinipour M, Lorentzon E, Aspholm E, Wysocki R, Tamás MJ. OUP accepted manuscript. FEMS Yeast Res 2022; 22:6551893. [PMID: 35323907 PMCID: PMC9041338 DOI: 10.1093/femsyr/foac018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In a high-throughput yeast two-hybrid screen of predicted coiled-coil motif interactions in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae proteome, the protein Etp1 was found to interact with the yeast AP-1-like transcription factors Yap8, Yap1 and Yap6. Yap8 plays a crucial role during arsenic stress since it regulates expression of the resistance genes ACR2 and ACR3. The function of Etp1 is not well understood but the protein has been implicated in transcription and protein turnover during ethanol stress, and the etp1∆ mutant is sensitive to ethanol. In this current study, we investigated whether Etp1 is implicated in Yap8-dependent functions. We show that Etp1 is required for optimal growth in the presence of trivalent arsenite and for optimal expression of the arsenite export protein encoded by ACR3. Since Yap8 is the only known transcription factor that regulates ACR3 expression, we investigated whether Etp1 regulates Yap8. Yap8 ubiquitination, stability, nuclear localization and ACR3 promoter association were unaffected in etp1∆ cells, indicating that Etp1 affects ACR3 expression independently of Yap8. Thus, Etp1 impacts gene expression under arsenic and other stress conditions but the mechanistic details remain to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mandana Mombeinipour
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, S-405 30 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Emma Lorentzon
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, S-405 30 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Emelie Aspholm
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, S-405 30 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Robert Wysocki
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Wroclaw, 50-328 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Markus J Tamás
- Corresponding author: Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, PO Box 462, S-405 30 Göteborg, Sweden. Tel: +46-31-786-2548; E-mail:
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Blaszczak E, Lazarewicz N, Sudevan A, Wysocki R, Rabut G. Protein-fragment complementation assays for large-scale analysis of protein-protein interactions. Biochem Soc Trans 2021; 49:1337-1348. [PMID: 34156434 PMCID: PMC8286835 DOI: 10.1042/bst20201058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Protein-protein interactions (PPIs) orchestrate nearly all biological processes. They are also considered attractive drug targets for treating many human diseases, including cancers and neurodegenerative disorders. Protein-fragment complementation assays (PCAs) provide a direct and straightforward way to study PPIs in living cells or multicellular organisms. Importantly, PCAs can be used to detect the interaction of proteins expressed at endogenous levels in their native cellular environment. In this review, we present the principle of PCAs and discuss some of their advantages and limitations. We describe their application in large-scale experiments to investigate PPI networks and to screen or profile PPI targeting compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Blaszczak
- Department of Genetics and Cell Physiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Wroclaw, Kanonia 6/8, 50-328 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Natalia Lazarewicz
- Department of Genetics and Cell Physiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Wroclaw, Kanonia 6/8, 50-328 Wroclaw, Poland
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, IGDR (Institute of Genetics and Development of Rennes) – UMR 6290, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Aswani Sudevan
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, IGDR (Institute of Genetics and Development of Rennes) – UMR 6290, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Robert Wysocki
- Department of Genetics and Cell Physiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Wroclaw, Kanonia 6/8, 50-328 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Gwenaël Rabut
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, IGDR (Institute of Genetics and Development of Rennes) – UMR 6290, F-35000 Rennes, France
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11
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Soldati A, Farrell JA, Wysocki R, Karson JA. Imagining and constraining ferrovolcanic eruptions and landscapes through large-scale experiments. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1711. [PMID: 33731713 PMCID: PMC7969621 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21582-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Ferrovolcanism, yet to be directly observed, is the most exotic and poorly understood predicted manifestation of planetary volcanism. Large-scale experiments carried out at the Syracuse Lava Project offer insight into the emplacement dynamics of metallic flows as well as coeval metallic and silicate flows. Here, we find that, under the same environmental conditions, higher-density/lower-viscosity metallic lava moves ten times faster than lower-density/higher-viscosity silicate lava. The overall morphology of the silicate flow is not significantly affected by the co-emplacement of a metallic flow. Rather, the metallic flow is largely decoupled from the silicate flow, occurring mainly in braided channels underneath the silicate flow and as low-relief breakouts from the silicate flow front. Turbulent interactions at the metallic-silicate flow interface result in mingling of the two liquids, preserved as erosional surfaces and sharp contacts. The results have important implications for the interpretation of possible ferrovolcanic landscapes across our solar system. Ferrovolcanism is a hypothetical form of planetary volcanism in which the erupted lava is metallic in composition. Here we show that ferrovolcanic lava is denser and less viscous than silicate lava, resulting in fast-moving, thin, braided flows.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Soldati
- Department of Marine, Earth, and Atmospheric Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.
| | - J A Farrell
- Department of Earth Sciences, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - R Wysocki
- School of Art, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - J A Karson
- Department of Earth Sciences, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA
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12
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Maciaszczyk-Dziubinska E, Reymer A, Kumar NV, Białek W, Mizio K, Tamás MJ, Wysocki R. The ancillary N-terminal region of the yeast AP-1 transcription factor Yap8 contributes to its DNA binding specificity. Nucleic Acids Res 2020; 48:5426-5441. [PMID: 32356892 PMCID: PMC7261193 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkaa316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Activator protein 1 (AP-1) is one of the largest families of basic leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factors in eukaryotic cells. How AP-1 proteins achieve target DNA binding specificity remains elusive. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the AP-1-like protein (Yap) family comprises eight members (Yap1 to Yap8) that display distinct genomic target sites despite high sequence homology of their DNA binding bZIP domains. In contrast to the other members of the Yap family, which preferentially bind to short (7–8 bp) DNA motifs, Yap8 binds to an unusually long DNA motif (13 bp). It has been unclear what determines this unique specificity of Yap8. In this work, we use molecular and biochemical analyses combined with computer-based structural design and molecular dynamics simulations of Yap8–DNA interactions to better understand the structural basis of DNA binding specificity determinants. We identify specific residues in the N-terminal tail preceding the basic region, which define stable association of Yap8 with its target promoter. We propose that the N-terminal tail directly interacts with DNA and stabilizes Yap8 binding to the 13 bp motif. Thus, beside the core basic region, the adjacent N-terminal region contributes to alternative DNA binding selectivity within the AP-1 family.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna Reymer
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Box 462, S-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Nallani Vijay Kumar
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Box 462, S-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Wojciech Białek
- Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Mizio
- Institute of Experimental Biology, University of Wroclaw, 50-328 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Markus J Tamás
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Box 462, S-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Robert Wysocki
- Institute of Experimental Biology, University of Wroclaw, 50-328 Wroclaw, Poland
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13
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Wawrzycka D, Sadlak J, Maciaszczyk-Dziubinska E, Wysocki R. Rsp5-dependent endocytosis and degradation of the arsenite transporter Acr3 requires its N-terminal acidic tail as an endocytic sorting signal and arrestin-related ubiquitin-ligase adaptors. Biochim Biophys Acta Biomembr 2019; 1861:916-925. [PMID: 30776335 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2019.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The yeast plasma membrane transporter Acr3 mediates efflux of toxic arsenite and antimonite. Here, we investigated the mechanisms of Acr3 turnover. We found that after arrival and residence at the plasma membrane, Acr3 is subjected to internalization followed by proteolysis in the vacuole. Endocytic degradation of Acr3 is promoted by the ubiquitin ligase Rsp5 and requires polyubiquitination of Acr3 at multiple lysine residues via lysine 63-linked ubiquitin chains. The turnover of Acr3 also depends on two arrestin-related proteins, Art3/Aly2 and Art4/Rod1, that enable recruitment of Rsp5 to its targets. Finally, we found that a short acidic patch located in the N-terminal tail of Acr3 is needed for its ubiquitination and internalization. We propose that this motif serves as an endocytic signal that facilitates binding of the arrestin-Rsp5 complexes to the Acr3 cargo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donata Wawrzycka
- Institute of Experimental Biology, University of Wroclaw, 50-328 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Sadlak
- Institute of Experimental Biology, University of Wroclaw, 50-328 Wroclaw, Poland
| | | | - Robert Wysocki
- Institute of Experimental Biology, University of Wroclaw, 50-328 Wroclaw, Poland.
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14
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Płonka M, Wawrzycka D, Wysocki R, Boguta M, Cieśla M. Coupling of RNA polymerase III assembly to cell cycle progression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Cell Cycle 2019; 18:500-510. [PMID: 30760101 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2019.1578134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Assembly of the RNA polymerases in both yeast and humans is proposed to occur in the cytoplasm prior to their nuclear import. Our previous studies identified a cold-sensitive mutation, rpc128-1007, in the yeast gene encoding the second largest Pol III subunit, Rpc128. rpc128-1007 is associated with defective assembly of Pol III complex and, in consequence, decreased level of tRNA synthesis. Here, we show that rpc128-1007 mutant cells remain largely unbudded and larger than wild type cells. Flow cytometry revealed that most rpc128-1007 mutant cells have G1 DNA content, suggesting that this mutation causes pronounced cell cycle delay in the G1 phase. Increased expression of gene encoding Rbs1, the Pol III assembly/import factor, could counteract G1 arrest observed in the rpc128-1007 mutant and restore wild type morphology of mutant cells. Concomitantly, cells lacking Rbs1 show a mild delay in G1 phase exit, indicating that Rbs1 is required for timely cell cycle progression. Using the double rpc128-1007 maf1Δ mutant in which tRNA synthesis is recovered, we confirmed that the Pol III assembly defect associated with rpc128-1007 is a primary cause of cell cycle arrest. Together our results indicate that impairment of Pol III complex assembly is coupled to cell cycle inhibition in the G1 phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Płonka
- a Department of Genetics, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics , Polish Academy of Sciences , Warsaw , Poland
| | - Donata Wawrzycka
- b Department of Genetics and Cell Physiology, Institute of Experimental Biology , University of Wrocław , Wrocław , Poland
| | - Robert Wysocki
- b Department of Genetics and Cell Physiology, Institute of Experimental Biology , University of Wrocław , Wrocław , Poland
| | - Magdalena Boguta
- a Department of Genetics, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics , Polish Academy of Sciences , Warsaw , Poland
| | - Małgorzata Cieśla
- a Department of Genetics, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics , Polish Academy of Sciences , Warsaw , Poland
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15
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Litwin I, Pilarczyk E, Wysocki R. The Emerging Role of Cohesin in the DNA Damage Response. Genes (Basel) 2018; 9:genes9120581. [PMID: 30487431 PMCID: PMC6316000 DOI: 10.3390/genes9120581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Faithful transmission of genetic material is crucial for all organisms since changes in genetic information may result in genomic instability that causes developmental disorders and cancers. Thus, understanding the mechanisms that preserve genome integrity is of fundamental importance. Cohesin is a multiprotein complex whose canonical function is to hold sister chromatids together from S-phase until the onset of anaphase to ensure the equal division of chromosomes. However, recent research points to a crucial function of cohesin in the DNA damage response (DDR). In this review, we summarize recent advances in the understanding of cohesin function in DNA damage signaling and repair. First, we focus on cohesin architecture and molecular mechanisms that govern sister chromatid cohesion. Next, we briefly characterize the main DDR pathways. Finally, we describe mechanisms that determine cohesin accumulation at DNA damage sites and discuss possible roles of cohesin in DDR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ireneusz Litwin
- Institute of Experimental Biology, University of Wroclaw, 50-328 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Ewa Pilarczyk
- Institute of Experimental Biology, University of Wroclaw, 50-328 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Robert Wysocki
- Institute of Experimental Biology, University of Wroclaw, 50-328 Wroclaw, Poland.
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16
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Litwin I, Bakowski T, Szakal B, Pilarczyk E, Maciaszczyk-Dziubinska E, Branzei D, Wysocki R. Error-free DNA damage tolerance pathway is facilitated by the Irc5 translocase through cohesin. EMBO J 2018; 37:e98732. [PMID: 30111537 PMCID: PMC6138436 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201798732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA damage tolerance (DDT) mechanisms facilitate replication resumption and completion when DNA replication is blocked by bulky DNA lesions. In budding yeast, template switching (TS) via the Rad18/Rad5 pathway is a favored DDT pathway that involves usage of the sister chromatid as a template to bypass DNA lesions in an error-free recombination-like process. Here, we establish that the Snf2 family translocase Irc5 is a novel factor that promotes TS and averts single-stranded DNA persistence during replication. We demonstrate that, during replication stress, Irc5 enables replication progression by assisting enrichment of cohesin complexes, recruited in an Scc2/Scc4-dependent fashion, near blocked replication forks. This allows efficient formation of sister chromatid junctions that are crucial for error-free DNA lesion bypass. Our results support the notion of a key role of cohesin in the completion of DNA synthesis under replication stress and reveal that the Rad18/Rad5-mediated DDT pathway is linked to cohesin enrichment at sites of perturbed replication via the Snf2 family translocase Irc5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ireneusz Litwin
- Institute of Experimental Biology, University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Bakowski
- Institute of Experimental Biology, University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Barnabas Szakal
- Fondazione Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare (IFOM), Milan, Italy
| | - Ewa Pilarczyk
- Institute of Experimental Biology, University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland
| | | | - Dana Branzei
- Fondazione Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare (IFOM), Milan, Italy
- Istituto di Genetica Molecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IGM-CNR), Pavia, Italy
| | - Robert Wysocki
- Institute of Experimental Biology, University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland
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17
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Abstract
Cohesin is a conserved, ring-shaped protein complex that encircles sister chromatids and ensures correct chromosome segregation during mitosis and meiosis. It also plays a crucial role in the regulation of gene expression, DNA condensation, and DNA repair through both non-homologous end joining and homologous recombination. Cohesins are spatiotemporally regulated by the Scc2-Scc4 complex which facilitates cohesin loading onto chromatin at specific chromosomal sites. Over the last few years, much attention has been paid to cohesin and cohesin loader as it became clear that even minor disruptions of these complexes may lead to developmental disorders and cancers. Here we summarize recent developments in the structure of Scc2-Scc4 complex, cohesin loading process, and mediators that determine the Scc2-Scc4 binding patterns to chromatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ireneusz Litwin
- Institute of Experimental Biology, University of Wroclaw, 50-328, Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Robert Wysocki
- Institute of Experimental Biology, University of Wroclaw, 50-328, Wroclaw, Poland
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18
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Litwin I, Bakowski T, Maciaszczyk-Dziubinska E, Wysocki R. The LSH/HELLS homolog Irc5 contributes to cohesin association with chromatin in yeast. Nucleic Acids Res 2017; 45:6404-6416. [PMID: 28383696 PMCID: PMC5499779 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkx240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Revised: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Accurate chromosome segregation is essential for every living cell as unequal distribution of chromosomes during cell division may result in genome instability that manifests in carcinogenesis and developmental disorders. Irc5 from Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a member of the conserved Snf2 family of ATP-dependent DNA translocases and its function is poorly understood. Here, we identify Irc5 as a novel interactor of the cohesin complex. Irc5 associates with Scc1 cohesin subunit and contributes to cohesin binding to chromatin. Disruption of IRC5 decreases cohesin levels at centromeres and chromosome arms, causing premature sister chromatid separation. Moreover, reduced cohesin occupancy at the rDNA region in cells lacking IRC5 leads to the loss of rDNA repeats. We also show that the translocase activity of Irc5 is required for its function in cohesion pathway. Finally, we demonstrate that in the absence of Irc5 both the level of chromatin-bound Scc2, a member of cohesin loading complex, and physical interaction between Scc1 and Scc2 are reduced. Our results suggest that Irc5 is an auxiliary factor that is involved in cohesin association with chromatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ireneusz Litwin
- Institute of Experimental Biology, University of Wroclaw, 50-328 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Bakowski
- Institute of Experimental Biology, University of Wroclaw, 50-328 Wroclaw, Poland
| | | | - Robert Wysocki
- Institute of Experimental Biology, University of Wroclaw, 50-328 Wroclaw, Poland
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19
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Trella KJ, Li J, Stylianou E, Wang VM, Frank JM, Galante J, Sandy JD, Plaas A, Wysocki R. Genome-wide analysis identifies differential promoter methylation of Leprel2, Foxf1, Mmp25, Igfbp6, and Peg12 in murine tendinopathy. J Orthop Res 2017; 35:947-955. [PMID: 27517731 PMCID: PMC5303683 DOI: 10.1002/jor.23393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
We have used a murine Achilles tendinopathy model to investigate whether tissue changes (such as collagen disorganization, chondroid metaplasia, and loss of tensile properties) which are broadly characteristic of human tendinopathies, are accompanied by changes in the expression of chromatin-modifying enzymes and the methylation status of promoter regions of tendon cell DNA. Tendinopathy was induced by two intra-tendinous TGF-β1 injections followed by cage activity or treadmill running for up to 28 days. Activation of DNA methyltransferases occurred at 3 days after the TGF-β1 injections and also at 14 days, but only with treadmill activity. Genome-wide Methyl Mini-Seq™ analysis identified 19 genes with differentially methylated promoters, five of which perform functions with an apparent direct relevance to tendinopathy (Leprel2, Foxf1, Mmp25, Igfbp6, and Peg12). The functions of the genes identified included collagen fiber assembly and pericellular interactions, therefore their perturbation could play a role in the characteristic disorganization of fibers in affected tendons. We postulate that a study of the functional genomics of these genes in animal and human tendon could further delineate the pathogenesis of this multi-factorial complex disease. © 2016 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 35:947-955, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie J Trella
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W. Harrison Street, Suite 201, Chicago, IL 60612,Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, 851 S. Morgan Street, 2 Floor, Chicago, IL 60607
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Rheumatology/Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W. Harrison Street, Suite 510, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Eleni Stylianou
- Formerly Department of Pathobiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44195
| | - Vincent M Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, 851 S. Morgan Street, 2 Floor, Chicago, IL 60607,Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061
| | - Jonathan M Frank
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W. Harrison Street, Suite 201, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Jorge Galante
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W. Harrison Street, Suite 201, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - John D Sandy
- Department of Biochemistry, Rush University Medical Center, 1735 W. Harrison Street, 5 Floor, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Anna Plaas
- Department of Rheumatology/Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W. Harrison Street, Suite 510, Chicago, IL 60612,Department of Biochemistry, Rush University Medical Center, 1735 W. Harrison Street, 5 Floor, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Robert Wysocki
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W. Harrison Street, Suite 201, Chicago, IL 60612
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20
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Gjuvsland AB, Zörgö E, Samy JK, Stenberg S, Demirsoy IH, Roque F, Maciaszczyk-Dziubinska E, Migocka M, Alonso-Perez E, Zackrisson M, Wysocki R, Tamás MJ, Jonassen I, Omholt SW, Warringer J. Disentangling genetic and epigenetic determinants of ultrafast adaptation. Mol Syst Biol 2016; 12:892. [PMID: 27979908 PMCID: PMC5199126 DOI: 10.15252/msb.20166951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A major rationale for the advocacy of epigenetically mediated adaptive responses is that they facilitate faster adaptation to environmental challenges. This motivated us to develop a theoretical-experimental framework for disclosing the presence of such adaptation-speeding mechanisms in an experimental evolution setting circumventing the need for pursuing costly mutation-accumulation experiments. To this end, we exposed clonal populations of budding yeast to a whole range of stressors. By growth phenotyping, we found that almost complete adaptation to arsenic emerged after a few mitotic cell divisions without involving any phenotypic plasticity. Causative mutations were identified by deep sequencing of the arsenic-adapted populations and reconstructed for validation. Mutation effects on growth phenotypes, and the associated mutational target sizes were quantified and embedded in data-driven individual-based evolutionary population models. We found that the experimentally observed homogeneity of adaptation speed and heterogeneity of molecular solutions could only be accounted for if the mutation rate had been near estimates of the basal mutation rate. The ultrafast adaptation could be fully explained by extensive positive pleiotropy such that all beneficial mutations dramatically enhanced multiple fitness components in concert. As our approach can be exploited across a range of model organisms exposed to a variety of environmental challenges, it may be used for determining the importance of epigenetic adaptation-speeding mechanisms in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arne B Gjuvsland
- Centre for Integrative Genetics (CIGENE), Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Enikö Zörgö
- Centre for Integrative Genetics (CIGENE), Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway.,Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jeevan Ka Samy
- Centre for Integrative Genetics (CIGENE), Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Simon Stenberg
- Centre for Integrative Genetics (CIGENE), Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Ibrahim H Demirsoy
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Francisco Roque
- Computational Biology Unit, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Magdalena Migocka
- Institute of Experimental Biology, University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Elisa Alonso-Perez
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Martin Zackrisson
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Robert Wysocki
- Institute of Experimental Biology, University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Markus J Tamás
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Inge Jonassen
- Computational Biology Unit, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Stig W Omholt
- Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics, Department of Biology, NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Jonas Warringer
- Centre for Integrative Genetics (CIGENE), Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway .,Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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21
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Wawrzycka D, Markowska K, Maciaszczyk-Dziubinska E, Migocka M, Wysocki R. Transmembrane topology of the arsenite permease Acr3 from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Biochim Biophys Acta Biomembr 2016; 1859:117-125. [PMID: 27836640 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2016.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Revised: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/06/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Acr3 is a plasma membrane transporter, a member of the bile/arsenite/riboflavin transporter (BART) superfamily, which confers high-level resistance to arsenicals in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We have previously shown that the yeast Acr3 acts as a low affinity As(III)/H+ and Sb(III)/H+ antiporter. We have also identified several amino acid residues that are localized in putative transmembrane helices (TM) and appeared to be critical for the Acr3 activity. In the present study, the topology of Acr3 was investigated by insertion of glycosylation and factor Xa protease cleavage sites at predicted hydrophilic regions. The analysis of the glycosylation pattern and factor Xa cleavage products of resulting Acr3 fusion constructs provide evidence supporting a topological model of Acr3 with 10 TM segments and cytoplasmically oriented N- and C-terminal domains. Next, we investigated the role of the hydrophilic loop connecting TM8 and TM9, the large size of which is unique to members of the yeast Acr3 family of metalloid transporters. We found that a 28 amino acid deletion in this region does not affect Acr3 folding, trafficking substrate binding, or transport activity. Finally, we constructed a homology-based structural model of Acr3 using the crystal structure of the Yersinia frederiksenii homologue of the human bile acid sodium symporter ASBT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donata Wawrzycka
- Institute of Experimental Biology, University of Wroclaw, 50-328 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Markowska
- Institute of Experimental Biology, University of Wroclaw, 50-328 Wroclaw, Poland
| | | | - Magdalena Migocka
- Institute of Experimental Biology, University of Wroclaw, 50-328 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Robert Wysocki
- Institute of Experimental Biology, University of Wroclaw, 50-328 Wroclaw, Poland.
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22
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Ahmadpour D, Maciaszczyk-Dziubinska E, Babazadeh R, Dahal S, Migocka M, Andersson M, Wysocki R, Tamás MJ, Hohmann S. The mitogen-activated protein kinase Slt2 modulates arsenite transport through the aquaglyceroporin Fps1. FEBS Lett 2016; 590:3649-3659. [DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2016] [Revised: 08/20/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Doryaneh Ahmadpour
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology; University of Gothenburg; Sweden
| | | | - Roja Babazadeh
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology; University of Gothenburg; Sweden
| | - Sita Dahal
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology; University of Gothenburg; Sweden
| | | | - Mikael Andersson
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology; University of Gothenburg; Sweden
| | - Robert Wysocki
- Institute of Experimental Biology; University of Wroclaw; Poland
| | - Markus J. Tamás
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology; University of Gothenburg; Sweden
| | - Stefan Hohmann
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology; University of Gothenburg; Sweden
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23
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Markowska K, Maciaszczyk‐Dziubinska E, Migocka M, Wawrzycka D, Wysocki R. Identification of critical residues for transport activity of
A
cr3p, the
S
accharomyces cerevisiae
A
s(
III
)/
H
+
antiporter. Mol Microbiol 2015; 98:162-74. [DOI: 10.1111/mmi.13113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Markowska
- Institute of Experimental Biology University of Wroclaw 50‐328 Wroclaw Poland
| | | | - Magdalena Migocka
- Institute of Experimental Biology University of Wroclaw 50‐328 Wroclaw Poland
| | - Donata Wawrzycka
- Institute of Experimental Biology University of Wroclaw 50‐328 Wroclaw Poland
| | - Robert Wysocki
- Institute of Experimental Biology University of Wroclaw 50‐328 Wroclaw Poland
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24
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Egeblad M, Nakasone E, Askautrud H, Wysocki R, Fein M, Kees T, Park J, Park JH. Abstract IA11: Understanding drug responses and resistance mechanisms using imaging in live mice. Mol Cancer Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1158/1557-3125.modorg-ia11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
It is well appreciated that factors intrinsic to the cancer cells, such as specific mutations, regulate response to chemotherapy. However, there is limited knowledge on the dynamics of cancer cell death in response to therapy in the naturally developing tumor microenvironment. Using intravital microscopy (microscopy in live mice) of tumors, we show that factors within the microenvironment, extrinsic to the cancer cells, support the development of chemoresistance by regulating drug distribution and the inflammatory response. Specifically, intravital microscopy of chemotherapy-treated mouse mammary carcinomas allowed us to follow drug distribution, cell death, and tumor-stroma interactions. We observed associations between vascular leakage and response to the chemotherapeutic drug doxorubicin, including improved response in matrix metalloproteinase-9 null mice that had increased vascular leakage. Furthermore, we observed CCR2-dependent infiltration of myeloid cells after treatment and that Ccr2 null host mice responded better to treatment with doxorubicin or cisplatin. These data show that the microenvironment contributes critically to drug response via regulation of vascular permeability and innate immune cell infiltration. These results have clinical implications, as myeloid cell infiltration is increased in human breast tumors after chemotherapy and the cellular composition of the immune infiltrate is a strong predictor of overall survival. Our data further suggest that the response to classical chemotherapeutic drugs can be improved by changing the tumor microenvironment with agents that modify matrix metalloproteinase activity and chemokine signaling. Thus, intravital imaging can be used to gain insights into drug responses in situ.
Citation Format: Mikala Egeblad, Elizabeth Nakasone, Hanne Askautrud, Robert Wysocki, Miriam Fein, Tim Kees, Juwon Park, Jae-Hyun Park. Understanding drug responses and resistance mechanisms using imaging in live mice. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: The Translational Impact of Model Organisms in Cancer; Nov 5-8, 2013; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Res 2014;12(11 Suppl):Abstract nr IA11.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Miriam Fein
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY
| | - Tim Kees
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY
| | - Juwon Park
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY
| | - Jae-Hyun Park
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY
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25
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Kramarz K, Litwin I, Cal-Bąkowska M, Szakal B, Branzei D, Wysocki R, Dziadkowiec D. Swi2/Snf2-like protein Uls1 functions in the Sgs1-dependent pathway of maintenance of rDNA stability and alleviation of replication stress. DNA Repair (Amst) 2014; 21:24-35. [PMID: 25091157 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2014.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2014] [Revised: 05/05/2014] [Accepted: 05/25/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The Saccharomyces cerevisiae Uls1 belongs to the Swi2/Snf2 family of DNA-dependent ATPases and a new protein family of SUMO-targeted ubiquitin ligases. Here we show that Uls1 is implicated in DNA repair independently of the replication stress response pathways mediated by the endonucleases Mus81 and Yen1 and the helicases Mph1 and Srs2. Uls1 works together with Sgs1 and we demonstrate that the attenuation of replication stress-related defects in sgs1Δ by deletion of ULS1 depends on a functional of Rad51 recombinase and post-replication repair pathway mediated by Rad18 and Rad5, but not on the translesion polymerase, Rev3. The higher resistance of sgs1Δ uls1Δ mutants to genotoxic stress compared to single sgs1Δ cells is not the result of decreased formation or accelerated resolution of recombination-dependent DNA structures. Instead, deletion of ULS1 restores stability of the rDNA region in sgs1Δ cells. Our data suggest that Uls1 may contribute to genomic stability during DNA synthesis and channel the repair of replication lesions into the Sgs1-dependent pathway, with DNA translocase and SUMO binding activities of Uls1 as well as a RING domain being essential for its functions in replication stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karol Kramarz
- Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Wrocław, 50-328 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Ireneusz Litwin
- Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Wrocław, 50-328 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Magdalena Cal-Bąkowska
- Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Wrocław, 50-328 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Barnabas Szakal
- Fondazione IFOM, Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare, Milan 20139, Italy
| | - Dana Branzei
- Fondazione IFOM, Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare, Milan 20139, Italy
| | - Robert Wysocki
- Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Wrocław, 50-328 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Dorota Dziadkowiec
- Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland.
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26
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Litwin I, Bocer T, Dziadkowiec D, Wysocki R. Oxidative stress and replication-independent DNA breakage induced by arsenic in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. PLoS Genet 2013; 9:e1003640. [PMID: 23935510 PMCID: PMC3723488 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1003640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2012] [Accepted: 06/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Arsenic is a well-established human carcinogen of poorly understood mechanism of genotoxicity. It is generally accepted that arsenic acts indirectly by generating oxidative DNA damage that can be converted to replication-dependent DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), as well as by interfering with DNA repair pathways and DNA methylation. Here we show that in budding yeast arsenic also causes replication and transcription-independent DSBs in all phases of the cell cycle, suggesting a direct genotoxic mode of arsenic action. This is accompanied by DNA damage checkpoint activation resulting in cell cycle delays in S and G2/M phases in wild type cells. In G1 phase, arsenic activates DNA damage response only in the absence of the Yku70-Yku80 complex which normally binds to DNA ends and inhibits resection of DSBs. This strongly indicates that DSBs are produced by arsenic in G1 but DNA ends are protected by Yku70-Yku80 and thus invisible for the checkpoint response. Arsenic-induced DSBs are processed by homologous recombination (HR), as shown by Rfa1 and Rad52 nuclear foci formation and requirement of HR proteins for cell survival during arsenic exposure. We show further that arsenic greatly sensitizes yeast to phleomycin as simultaneous treatment results in profound accumulation of DSBs. Importantly, we observed a similar response in fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe, suggesting that the mechanisms of As(III) genotoxicity may be conserved in other organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ireneusz Litwin
- Institute of Experimental Biology, University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Bocer
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Applied Biotechnology and Basic Sciences, University of Rzeszow, Kolbuszowa, Poland
| | | | - Robert Wysocki
- Institute of Experimental Biology, University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland
- * E-mail:
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27
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Maciaszczyk-Dziubinska E, Wawrzycka D, Wysocki R. Arsenic and antimony transporters in eukaryotes. Int J Mol Sci 2012; 13:3527-3548. [PMID: 22489166 PMCID: PMC3317726 DOI: 10.3390/ijms13033527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2012] [Revised: 02/29/2012] [Accepted: 03/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Arsenic and antimony are toxic metalloids, naturally present in the environment and all organisms have developed pathways for their detoxification. The most effective metalloid tolerance systems in eukaryotes include downregulation of metalloid uptake, efflux out of the cell, and complexation with phytochelatin or glutathione followed by sequestration into the vacuole. Understanding of arsenic and antimony transport system is of high importance due to the increasing usage of arsenic-based drugs in the treatment of certain types of cancer and diseases caused by protozoan parasites as well as for the development of bio- and phytoremediation strategies for metalloid polluted areas. However, in contrast to prokaryotes, the knowledge about specific transporters of arsenic and antimony and the mechanisms of metalloid transport in eukaryotes has been very limited for a long time. Here, we review the recent advances in understanding of arsenic and antimony transport pathways in eukaryotes, including a dual role of aquaglyceroporins in uptake and efflux of metalloids, elucidation of arsenic transport mechanism by the yeast Acr3 transporter and its role in arsenic hyperaccumulation in ferns, identification of vacuolar transporters of arsenic-phytochelatin complexes in plants and forms of arsenic substrates recognized by mammalian ABC transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Maciaszczyk-Dziubinska
- Department of Genetics and Cell Physiology, Institute of Plant Biology, University of Wroclaw, Kanonia 6/8, 50-328 Wroclaw, Poland; E-Mail:
| | - Donata Wawrzycka
- Department of Genetics and Cell Physiology, Institute of Plant Biology, University of Wroclaw, Kanonia 6/8, 50-328 Wroclaw, Poland; E-Mail:
| | - Robert Wysocki
- Department of Genetics and Cell Physiology, Institute of Plant Biology, University of Wroclaw, Kanonia 6/8, 50-328 Wroclaw, Poland; E-Mail:
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28
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Zarzycki M, Kołodziejczyk R, Maciaszczyk-Dziubinska E, Wysocki R, Jaskolski M, Dzugaj A. Structure of E69Q mutant of human muscle fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase. Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr 2011; 67:1028-34. [PMID: 22120740 DOI: 10.1107/s090744491104385x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2011] [Accepted: 10/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Human fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase is an allosteric enzyme that is regulated by different ligands. There are only two known isozymes in human tissues: the liver isozyme (the key enzyme of gluconeogenesis), which is regulated by fructose 2,6-bisphosphate, and its muscle counterpart (participating in glycogen synthesis), which is regulated by calcium ions. AMP, which is an allosteric inhibitor of both isozymes, inhibits the muscle isozyme with an I(0.5) that is 35-100 times lower than for the liver isozyme and the reason for this difference remains obscure. In studies aiming at an explanation of the main differences in the regulation of the two isozymes, it has been shown that only one residue, in position 69, regulates the sensitivity towards calcium ions. As a consequence of this finding, an E69Q mutant of the muscle isozyme, which is insensitive to calcium ions while retaining all other kinetic properties resembling the liver isozyme, has been prepared and crystallized. Here, two crystal structures of this mutant enzyme in complex with AMP with and without fructose 6-phosphate (the product of the catalytic reaction) are presented. The AMP binding pattern of the muscle isozyme is quite similar to that of the liver isozyme and the T conformations of the two isozymes are nearly the same.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Zarzycki
- Institute of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Wroclaw, ul. Przybyszewskiego 63/77, 51-148 Wroclaw, Poland
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29
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Cal-Bakowska M, Litwin I, Bocer T, Wysocki R, Dziadkowiec D. The Swi2-Snf2-like protein Uls1 is involved in replication stress response. Nucleic Acids Res 2011; 39:8765-77. [PMID: 21764775 PMCID: PMC3203583 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkr587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The Saccharomyces cerevisiae Uls1 belongs to the Swi2–Snf2 family of DNA-dependent ATPases and a new protein family of SUMO-targeted ubiquitin ligases. Here, we examine a physiological role of Uls1 and report for the first time its involvement in response to replication stress. We found that deletion of ULS1 in cells lacking RAD52 caused a synthetic growth defect accompanied by prolonged S phase and aberrant cell morphology. uls1Δ also progressed slower through S phase upon MMS treatment and took longer to resolve replication intermediates during recovery. This suggests an important function for Uls1 during replication stress. Consistently, cells lacking Uls1 and endonuclease Mus81 were more sensitive to HU, MMS and CPT than single mus81Δ. Interestingly, deletion of ULS1 attenuated replication stress-related defects in sgs1Δ, such as sensitivity to HU and MMS while increasing the level of PCNA ubiquitination and Rad53 phosphorylation. Importantly, Uls1 interactions with Mus81 and Sgs1 were dependent on its helicase domain. We propose that Uls1 directs a subset of DNA structures arising during replication into the Sgs1-dependent pathway facilitating S phase progression. Thus, in the absence of Uls1 other modes of replication fork processing and repair are employed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Cal-Bakowska
- Institute of Plant Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Wrocław, 50-328 Wrocław, Poland
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30
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Dinér P, Veide Vilg J, Kjellén J, Migdal I, Andersson T, Gebbia M, Giaever G, Nislow C, Hohmann S, Wysocki R, Tamás MJ, Grøtli M. Design, synthesis, and characterization of a highly effective Hog1 inhibitor: a powerful tool for analyzing MAP kinase signaling in yeast. PLoS One 2011; 6:e20012. [PMID: 21655328 PMCID: PMC3104989 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0020012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2011] [Accepted: 04/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The Saccharomyces cerevisiae High-Osmolarity Glycerol (HOG) pathway is a conserved mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signal transduction system that often serves as a model to analyze systems level properties of MAPK signaling. Hog1, the MAPK of the HOG-pathway, can be activated by various environmental cues and it controls transcription, translation, transport, and cell cycle adaptations in response to stress conditions. A powerful means to study signaling in living cells is to use kinase inhibitors; however, no inhibitor targeting wild-type Hog1 exists to date. Herein, we describe the design, synthesis, and biological application of small molecule inhibitors that are cell-permeable, fast-acting, and highly efficient against wild-type Hog1. These compounds are potent inhibitors of Hog1 kinase activity both in vitro and in vivo. Next, we use these novel inhibitors to pinpoint the time of Hog1 action during recovery from G(1) checkpoint arrest, providing further evidence for a specific role of Hog1 in regulating cell cycle resumption during arsenite stress. Hence, we describe a novel tool for chemical genetic analysis of MAPK signaling and provide novel insights into Hog1 action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Dinér
- Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Gothenburg,
Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Jenny Veide Vilg
- Microbiology, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of
Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Jimmy Kjellén
- Microbiology, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of
Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Iwona Migdal
- Institute of Plant Biology, Department of Genetics and Cell Physiology,
University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Terese Andersson
- Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Gothenburg,
Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Marinella Gebbia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto,
Canada
| | - Guri Giaever
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto,
Canada
| | - Corey Nislow
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto,
Canada
| | - Stefan Hohmann
- Microbiology, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of
Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Robert Wysocki
- Institute of Plant Biology, Department of Genetics and Cell Physiology,
University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Markus J. Tamás
- Microbiology, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of
Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Morten Grøtli
- Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Gothenburg,
Göteborg, Sweden
- * E-mail:
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31
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Abstract
Toxic metals and metalloids are widespread in nature and can locally reach fairly high concentrations. To ensure cellular protection and survival in such environments, all organisms possess systems to evade toxicity and acquire tolerance. This review provides an overview of the molecular mechanisms that contribute to metal toxicity, detoxification and tolerance acquisition in budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We mainly focus on the metals/metalloids arsenic, cadmium, antimony, mercury, chromium and selenium, and emphasize recent findings on sensing and signalling mechanisms and on the regulation of tolerance and detoxification systems that safeguard cellular and genetic integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Wysocki
- Institute of Genetics and Microbiology, University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland
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32
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Maciaszczyk-Dziubinska E, Migdal I, Migocka M, Bocer T, Wysocki R. The yeast aquaglyceroporin Fps1p is a bidirectional arsenite channel. FEBS Lett 2009; 584:726-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2009.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2009] [Revised: 12/12/2009] [Accepted: 12/17/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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33
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Alpert JM, Verma N, Wysocki R, Yanke AB, Romeo AA. Arthroscopic treatment of multidirectional shoulder instability with minimum 270 degrees labral repair: minimum 2-year follow-up. Arthroscopy 2008; 24:704-11. [PMID: 18514115 DOI: 10.1016/j.arthro.2008.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2007] [Revised: 01/03/2008] [Accepted: 01/08/2008] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to analyze results of arthroscopic stabilization with labral repair in a subset of patients with multidirectional shoulder instability and frank labral tear. METHODS A review of 13 patients (10 male and 3 female; mean age, 27.2 years) with multidirectional instability involving a labral tear of 270 degrees or greater requiring arthroscopic labral repair was performed at a mean follow-up of 56 months (range, 29 to 72 months). All patients were evaluated by use of the Short Form 12, Western Ontario Shoulder Instability Index, Simple Shoulder Test, American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons score, and visual analog pain scale. Physical examination included range of motion, strength testing, and stability testing. RESULTS Of the 13 patients, 2 (15%) had recurrent instability after repair (subluxation or dislocation). Of the patients, 9 (69%) were completely satisfied, 2 (15%) were mostly satisfied, and 2 (15%) were completely unsatisfied. At final follow-up, the median scores were as follows: Western Ontario Shoulder Instability Index, 471; American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons score, 96.7; Simple Shoulder Test score, 12; visual analog pain scale, 0; and Short Form 12 mental component/physical component, 57/44. There were no differences in range of motion compared with the opposite extremity. Cybex strength testing (Lumex, Ronkonkoma, NY) did show a statistically different difference in forward elevation (P < .005). There were no complications, and no patient has undergone reoperation. CONCLUSIONS Arthroscopic stabilization with labral repair in patients with multidirectional instability and a minimum 270 degrees labral pathology provided good results (85%) in terms of pain relief and clinical stability at a minimum 2-year follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua M Alpert
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Section of Sports Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60612, USA
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34
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Minnerup J, Wysocki R, Laage R, Rogalewski A, Schneider A, Schäbitz WR. Ein verlängertes Therapiefenster des Granulozyten Kolonie-stimulierenden Faktors im fokalen Ischämiemodell der Ratte. Akt Neurol 2007. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-987630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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35
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Boniewska-Bernacka E, Wysocki R, Grochowalska R, Machnicka B, Ułaszewski S, Lachowicz T. The YJL185C, YLR376C and YJR129C genes of Saccharomyces cerevisiae are probably involved in regulation of the glyoxylate cycle. Acta Biochim Pol 2006. [DOI: 10.18388/abp.2006_3301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The ER24 aci (acidification) mutant of Saccharomyces cerevisiae excreting protons in the absence of glucose was transformed with a multicopy yeast DNA plasmid library. Three different DNA fragments restored the wild-type phenotype termed Aci- because it does not acidify the complete glucose medium under the tested conditions. Molecular dissection of the transforming DNA fragments identified two multicopy suppressor genes YJL185C, YJR129C and one allelic YLR376C. Disruption of either of the three genes in wild-type yeast strain resulted in acidification of the medium (Aci+ phenotype) similarly to the original ER24 mutant. These data indicate the contribution of the ER24 gene product Ylr376Cp and of the two suppressor gene products Yjl185Cp and Yjr129Cp to a complex regulation of the glyoxylate cycle in yeast.
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36
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Mozdziak PE, Wysocki R, Angerman-Stewart J, Pardue SL, Petitte JN. Production of Chick Germline Chimeras from Fluorescence-Activated Cell-Sorted Gonocytes. Poult Sci 2006; 85:1764-8. [PMID: 17012166 DOI: 10.1093/ps/85.10.1764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Modification of the chicken germline has been difficult, because it has been challenging to fractionate sufficient numbers of primordial germ cells for manipulation and implantation into developing embryos. A technique to enrich cell suspensions for primordial germ cells, using fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS), has recently been developed. The objective of the current study was to demonstrate that the FACS-enriched early embryonic gonocytes could fully participate in development of the germline. Therefore, cells were disassociated from stage 27 gonads, incubated with mouse anti-stage-specific embryonic antigen-1, which was detected with goat-antimouse IgM-fluorescein isothiocyanate, and the fluorescently labeled cells were sorted from the unlabeled cells using FACS. The isolated gonocyte population was injected into the blastoderm of unincubated stage X embryos, the germinal crescent of 3-d embryos, and into the circulation of stage 17 embryos that were pretreated with busulfan. Barred Plymouth Rock gonocytes were implanted exclusively into recipient White Leghorn embryos, and White Leghorn gonocytes were implanted exclusively into Barred Plymouth Rock recipient embryos. Embryos were cultured until hatch, and male putative chimeras were reared to sexual maturity. Germline chimerism was evaluated by observing feather color of the progeny. All injection methods resulted in germline chimeras demonstrating that FACS-sorted gonocytes can fully participate in development. Moreover, it was demonstrated that gonocytes isolated from stage 27 embryonic gonads can be introduced into embryos at an earlier stage of development, and the introduced gonocytes can fully participate in germline development.
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Affiliation(s)
- P E Mozdziak
- Department of Poultry Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh 27695, USA.
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37
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Wysocki R, Javaheri A, Kristjansdottir K, Sha F, Kron SJ. CDK Pho85 targets CDK inhibitor Sic1 to relieve yeast G1 checkpoint arrest after DNA damage. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2006; 13:908-14. [PMID: 16964260 DOI: 10.1038/nsmb1139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2006] [Accepted: 08/03/2006] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
In budding yeast, DNA damage in G1 activates a Rad9-dependent checkpoint that targets the cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) Cdc28 to delay G1 exit. After a transient arrest, cells may enter S phase before completing DNA repair. We used genetic analysis to identify the stress-responsive CDK Pho85, the cyclin Pho80 and the targeted transcription factors Pho4 and Swi5 as determinants of G1 checkpoint adaptation. Consistent with opposing roles for the Cdc28 inhibitor Sic1 in blocking G1 exit and Pho85 in targeting Sic1 for proteolysis, mutation of Sic1 curtails G1 checkpoint delay, whereas Pho85 inhibition after DNA damage promotes Sic1 stability. G1 checkpoint delay in mutants lacking both Sic1 and Pho4 is independent of Pho85 activity. These data establish a G1 checkpoint adaptation pathway where Pho85 mediates Pho4 downregulation and Sic1 degradation to release Cdc28 activity and promote onset of S phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Wysocki
- Institute of Genetics and Microbiology, Wroclaw University, 51-148 Wroclaw, Poland
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38
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Javaheri A, Wysocki R, Jobin-Robitaille O, Altaf M, Côté J, Kron SJ. Yeast G1 DNA damage checkpoint regulation by H2A phosphorylation is independent of chromatin remodeling. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2006; 103:13771-6. [PMID: 16940359 PMCID: PMC1564209 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0511192103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies of yeast G1 DNA damage response have identified characteristic changes in chromatin adjacent to double-strand breaks (DSBs). Histone H2A (yeast H2AX) is rapidly phosphorylated on S129 by the kinase Tel1 (ATM) over a domain extending kilobases from the DSB. The adaptor protein Rad9 (53BP1) is recruited to this chromatin domain through binding of its tudor domains to histone H3 diMe-K79. Multisite phosphorylation of Rad9 by Mec1 (ATR) then activates the signaling kinase Rad53 (CHK2) to induce a delay in G1. Here, we report a previously undescribed role for Tel1 in G1 checkpoint response and show that H2A is the likely phosphorylation target, in a much as S129 mutation to Ala confers defects in G1 checkpoint arrest, Rad9 phosphorylation, and Rad53 activation. Importantly, Rad9 fails to bind chromatin adjacent to DSBs in H2A-S129A mutants. Previous work showed that H2A phosphorylation allows binding of NuA4, SWR, and INO80 chromatin remodeling complexes, perhaps exposing H3 diMe-K79. Yet, mutants lacking SWR or INO80 remain checkpoint competent, whereas loss of NuA4-dependent histone acetylation leads to G1 checkpoint persistence, suggesting that H2A phosphorylation promotes two independent events, rapid Rad9 recruitment to DSBs and subsequent remodeling by NuA4, SWR, and INO80.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Javaheri
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
| | - Robert Wysocki
- Institute of Genetics and Microbiology, University of Wroclaw, Przybyszewskiego 63/77 51-148 Wroclaw, Poland; and
| | - Olivier Jobin-Robitaille
- Laval University Cancer Research Center, Hôtel-Dieu de Québec (CHUQ), Quebec City, QC, Canada G1R 2J6
| | - Mohammed Altaf
- Laval University Cancer Research Center, Hôtel-Dieu de Québec (CHUQ), Quebec City, QC, Canada G1R 2J6
| | - Jacques Côté
- Laval University Cancer Research Center, Hôtel-Dieu de Québec (CHUQ), Quebec City, QC, Canada G1R 2J6
| | - Stephen J. Kron
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
- To whom correspondence should be addressed at:
Center for Molecular Oncology, University of Chicago, 924 East 57th Street, Room R320, Chicago, IL 60637. E-mail:
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39
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Thorsen M, Di Y, Tängemo C, Morillas M, Ahmadpour D, Van der Does C, Wagner A, Johansson E, Boman J, Posas F, Wysocki R, Tamás MJ. The MAPK Hog1p modulates Fps1p-dependent arsenite uptake and tolerance in yeast. Mol Biol Cell 2006; 17:4400-10. [PMID: 16885417 PMCID: PMC1635360 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e06-04-0315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Arsenic is widely distributed in nature and all organisms possess regulatory mechanisms to evade toxicity and acquire tolerance. Yet, little is known about arsenic sensing and signaling mechanisms or about their impact on tolerance and detoxification systems. Here, we describe a novel role of the S. cerevisiae mitogen-activated protein kinase Hog1p in protecting cells during exposure to arsenite and the related metalloid antimonite. Cells impaired in Hog1p function are metalloid hypersensitive, whereas cells with elevated Hog1p activity display improved tolerance. Hog1p is phosphorylated in response to arsenite and this phosphorylation requires Ssk1p and Pbs2p. Arsenite-activated Hog1p remains primarily cytoplasmic and does not mediate a major transcriptional response. Instead, hog1delta sensitivity is accompanied by elevated cellular arsenic levels and we demonstrate that increased arsenite influx is dependent on the aquaglyceroporin Fps1p. Fps1p is phosphorylated on threonine 231 in vivo and this phosphorylation critically affects Fps1p activity. Moreover, Hog1p is shown to affect Fps1p phosphorylation. Our data are the first to demonstrate Hog1p activation by metalloids and provides a mechanism by which this kinase contributes to tolerance acquisition. Understanding how arsenite/antimonite uptake and toxicity is modulated may prove of value for their use in medical therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Thorsen
- *Department of Cell and Molecular Biology/Microbiology, Göteborg University, S-405 30 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Yujun Di
- *Department of Cell and Molecular Biology/Microbiology, Göteborg University, S-405 30 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Carolina Tängemo
- *Department of Cell and Molecular Biology/Microbiology, Göteborg University, S-405 30 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Montserrat Morillas
- Cell Signaling Unit, Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), E-08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Doryaneh Ahmadpour
- *Department of Cell and Molecular Biology/Microbiology, Göteborg University, S-405 30 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Charlotte Van der Does
- *Department of Cell and Molecular Biology/Microbiology, Göteborg University, S-405 30 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Annemarie Wagner
- Department of Chemistry, Atmospheric Science, Göteborg University, S-412 96, Göteborg, Sweden; and
| | - Erik Johansson
- *Department of Cell and Molecular Biology/Microbiology, Göteborg University, S-405 30 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Johan Boman
- Department of Chemistry, Atmospheric Science, Göteborg University, S-412 96, Göteborg, Sweden; and
| | - Francesc Posas
- Cell Signaling Unit, Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), E-08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Robert Wysocki
- Institute of Genetics and Microbiology, Wroclaw University, 51-148 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Markus J. Tamás
- *Department of Cell and Molecular Biology/Microbiology, Göteborg University, S-405 30 Göteborg, Sweden
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Boniewska-Bernacka E, Wysocki R, Grochowalska R, Machnicka B, Ułaszewski S, Lachowicz T. The YJL185C, YLR376C and YJR129C genes of Saccharomyces cerevisiae are probably involved in regulation of the glyoxylate cycle. Acta Biochim Pol 2006; 53:739-45. [PMID: 17146497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2006] [Revised: 10/16/2006] [Accepted: 10/18/2006] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The ER24 aci (acidification) mutant of Saccharomyces cerevisiae excreting protons in the absence of glucose was transformed with a multicopy yeast DNA plasmid library. Three different DNA fragments restored the wild-type phenotype termed Aci- because it does not acidify the complete glucose medium under the tested conditions. Molecular dissection of the transforming DNA fragments identified two multicopy suppressor genes YJL185C, YJR129C and one allelic YLR376C. Disruption of either of the three genes in wild-type yeast strain resulted in acidification of the medium (Aci+ phenotype) similarly to the original ER24 mutant. These data indicate the contribution of the ER24 gene product Ylr376Cp and of the two suppressor gene products Yjl185Cp and Yjr129Cp to a complex regulation of the glyoxylate cycle in yeast.
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41
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Wysocki R, Javaheri A, Allard S, Sha F, Côté J, Kron SJ. Role of Dot1-dependent histone H3 methylation in G1 and S phase DNA damage checkpoint functions of Rad9. Mol Cell Biol 2005; 25:8430-43. [PMID: 16166626 PMCID: PMC1265753 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.25.19.8430-8443.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 224] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We screened radiation-sensitive yeast mutants for DNA damage checkpoint defects and identified Dot1, the conserved histone H3 Lys 79 methyltransferase. DOT1 deletion mutants (dot1Delta) are G1 and intra-S phase checkpoint defective after ionizing radiation but remain competent for G2/M arrest. Mutations that affect Dot1 function such as Rad6-Bre1/Paf1 pathway gene deletions or mutation of H2B Lys 123 or H3 Lys 79 share dot1Delta checkpoint defects. Whereas dot1Delta alone confers minimal DNA damage sensitivity, combining dot1Delta with histone methyltransferase mutations set1Delta and set2Delta markedly enhances lethality. Interestingly, set1Delta and set2Delta mutants remain G1 checkpoint competent, but set1Delta displays a mild S phase checkpoint defect. In human cells, H3 Lys 79 methylation by hDOT1L likely mediates recruitment of the signaling protein 53BP1 via its paired tudor domains to double-strand breaks (DSBs). Consistent with this paradigm, loss of Dot1 prevents activation of the yeast 53BP1 ortholog Rad9 or Chk2 homolog Rad53 and decreases binding of Rad9 to DSBs after DNA damage. Mutation of Rad9 to alter tudor domain binding to methylated Lys 79 phenocopies the dot1Delta checkpoint defect and blocks Rad53 phosphorylation. These results indicate a key role for chromatin and methylation of histone H3 Lys 79 in yeast DNA damage signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Wysocki
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
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42
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Maciaszczyk E, Wysocki R, Golik P, Lazowska J, Ulaszewski S. Arsenical resistance genes in Saccharomyces douglasii and other yeast species undergo rapid evolution involving genomic rearrangements and duplications. FEMS Yeast Res 2004; 4:821-32. [PMID: 15450189 DOI: 10.1016/j.femsyr.2004.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2004] [Revised: 03/19/2004] [Accepted: 03/24/2004] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We have isolated and characterized three adjacent Saccharomyces douglasii genes that share remarkable structural homology (97% amino acid sequence identity) with Saccharomyces cerevisiae ARR1 (ACR1), ARR2 (ACR2) and ARR3 (ACR3) genes involved in arsenical resistance. The ARR2 and ARR3 genes encoding the cytoplasmic arsenate reductase and the plasma membrane arsenite transporter are functionally interchangeable in both yeast species. In contrast, a single copy of S. douglasii ARR1 gene is not sufficient to complement the arsenic hypersensitivity of a S. cerevisiae mutant lacking the transcriptional activator Arr1p. This inability may be related to a deletion of a 35-bp sequence including the putative Yap-binding element in the ARR1 promoter of S. douglasii. Different mechanisms of regulation of ARR1 genes expression may therefore explain the increased tolerance of S. douglasii to arsenic in comparison with S. cerevisiae. The apparent duplication of the ARR gene cluster in the S. douglasii genome may constitute another factor contributing to the observed differences in arsenic sensitivity. Comparison of ARR genes from the genomes of several yeast species indicates that they are located in subtelomeric regions undergoing rapid evolution involving large-scale genomic rearrangements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Maciaszczyk
- Institute of Genetics and Microbiology, Wroclaw University, Przybyszewskiego 63, 51-148 Wroclaw, Poland
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43
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Abstract
CDC13 encodes a telomere-binding protein that prevents degradation of telomeres. cdc13-1 yeast grown at the nonpermissive temperature undergo G2/M arrest, progressive chromosome instability, and subsequent cell death. Recently, it has been suggested that cell death in the cdc13-1 mutant is an active process characterized by phenotypic hallmarks of apoptosis and caspase activation. In this work, we show that cell death triggered by cdc13-1 is independent of the yeast metacaspase Yca1p and reactive oxygen species but related to cell cycle arrest per se. Inactivating YCA1 or depleting reactive oxygen species does not increase viability of cdc13-1 cells. In turn, caspase activation does not precede cell death in the cdc13-1 mutant. Yca1p activity assayed by cell binding of mammalian caspase inhibitors is confounded by artifactual labeling of dead yeast cells, which nonspecifically bind fluorochromes. We speculate that during a prolonged cell cycle arrest, cdc13-1 cells reach a critical size and die by cell lysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Wysocki
- Center for Molecular Oncology, The University of Chicago, 924 E. 57th Street, Rm. R320, IL 60637, USA
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44
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Grochowalska R, Machnicka B, Wysocki R, Lachowicz TM. The genetic characteristics Saccharomyces cerevisiae aci(+) mutants. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2004; 8:261-8. [PMID: 12813559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of 30 Saccharomyces cerevisiae aci(+) mutants (characterized as acidifying Ogur's glucose medium containing bromocresol purple) were isolated after EMS mutagenesis. All the mutants excreted acid metabolites to the medium after 24 or 48 hours of incubation. The character of the aci(+) mutations was defined using classical genetic techniques. Three of the aci(+) mutants were studied by molecular genetics techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Grochowalska
- Institute of Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, University of Zielona Góra, Monte Cassino 21b, 65-001 Zielona Góra, Poland
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45
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Wysocki R, Fortier PK, Maciaszczyk E, Thorsen M, Leduc A, Odhagen A, Owsianik G, Ulaszewski S, Ramotar D, Tamás MJ. Transcriptional activation of metalloid tolerance genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae requires the AP-1-like proteins Yap1p and Yap8p. Mol Biol Cell 2004; 15:2049-60. [PMID: 14978214 PMCID: PMC404003 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e03-04-0236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
All organisms are equipped with systems for detoxification of the metalloids arsenic and antimony. Here, we show that two parallel pathways involving the AP-1-like proteins Yap1p and Yap8p are required for acquisition of metalloid tolerance in the budding yeast S. cerevisiae. Yap8p is demonstrated to reside in the nucleus where it mediates enhanced expression of the arsenic detoxification genes ACR2 and ACR3. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation assays, we show that Yap8p is associated with the ACR3 promoter in untreated as well as arsenic-exposed cells. Like for Yap1p, specific cysteine residues are critical for Yap8p function. We further show that metalloid exposure triggers nuclear accumulation of Yap1p and stimulates expression of antioxidant genes. Yap1p mutants that are unable to accumulate in the nucleus during H(2)O(2) treatment showed nearly normal nuclear retention in response to metalloid exposure. Thus, our data are the first to demonstrate that Yap1p is being regulated by metalloid stress and to indicate that this activation of Yap1p operates in a manner distinct from stress caused by chemical oxidants. We conclude that Yap1p and Yap8p mediate tolerance by controlling separate subsets of detoxification genes and propose that the two AP-1-like proteins respond to metalloids through distinct mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Wysocki
- Institute of Genetics and Microbiology, Wroclaw University, 51-148 Wroclaw, Poland
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46
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Wysocki R, Clemens S, Augustyniak D, Golik P, Maciaszczyk E, Tamás MJ, Dziadkowiec D. Metalloid tolerance based on phytochelatins is not functionally equivalent to the arsenite transporter Acr3p. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2003; 304:293-300. [PMID: 12711313 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-291x(03)00584-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Active transport of metalloids by Acr3p and Ycf1p in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and chelation by phytochelatins in Schizosaccharomyces pombe, nematodes, and plants represent distinct strategies of metalloid detoxification. In this report, we present results of functional comparison of both resistance mechanisms. The S. pombe and wheat phytochelatin synthase (PCS) genes, when expressed in S. cerevisiae, mediate only modest resistance to arsenite and thus cannot functionally compensate for Acr3p. On the other hand, we show for the first time that phytochelatins also contribute to antimony tolerance as PCS fully complement antimonite sensitivity of ycf1Delta mutant. Remarkably, heterologous expression of PCS sensitizes S. cerevisiae to arsenate, while ACR3 confers much higher arsenic resistance in pcsDelta than in wild-type S. pombe. The analysis of PCS and ACR3 homologues distribution in various organisms and our experimental data suggest that separation of ACR3 and PCS genes may lead to the optimal tolerance status of the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Wysocki
- Institute of Genetics and Microbiology, Wroclaw University, Przybyszewskiego 63/77, 51-148, Wroclaw, Poland
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47
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Rakus D, Tillmann H, Wysocki R, Ulaszewski S, Eschrich K, Dzugaj A. Different sensitivities of mutants and chimeric forms of human muscle and liver fructose-1,6-bisphosphatases towards AMP. Biol Chem 2003; 384:51-8. [PMID: 12674499 DOI: 10.1515/bc.2003.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AMP is an allosteric inhibitor of human muscle and liver fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (FBPase). Despite strong similarity of the nucleotide binding domains, the muscle enzyme is inhibited by AMP approximately 35 times stronger than liver FBPase: I0.5 for muscle and for liver FBPase are 0.14 microM and 4.8 microM, respectively. Chimeric human muscle (L50M288) and chimeric human liver enzymes (M50L288), in which the N-terminal residues (1-50) were derived from the human liver and human muscle FBPases, respectively, were inhibited by AMP 2-3 times stronger than the wild-type liver enzyme. An amino acid exchange within the N-terminal region of the muscle enzyme towards liver FBPase (Lys20-->Glu) resulted in 13-fold increased I0.5 values compared to the wild-type muscle enzyme. However, the opposite exchanges in the liver enzyme (Glu20-->Lys and double mutation Glu19-->Asp/Glu20-->Lys) did not change the sensitivity for AMP inhibition of the liver mutant (I0.5 value of 4.9 microM). The decrease of sensitivity for AMP of the muscle mutant Lys20-->Glu, as well as the lack of changes in the inhibition by AMP of liver mutants Glu20-->Lys and Glu19-->Asp/Glu20-->Lys, suggest a different mechanism of AMP binding to the muscle and liver enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dariusz Rakus
- Department of Animal Physiology, Zoological Institute, Wroclaw University, Cybulskiego 30, 50-205 Wroclaw, Poland
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48
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Bouganim N, David J, Wysocki R, Ramotar D. Yap1 overproduction restores arsenite resistance to the ABC transporter deficient mutant ycf1 by activating ACR3 expression. Biochem Cell Biol 2002; 79:441-8. [PMID: 11527213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Ycf1 and Acr3 are transporters that have been previously shown to protect Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells from the toxic effects of arsenite. Ycf1 and Acr3 are positively regulated by distinct, but related bZIP transcriptional activators, Yap1 and Yap8, respectively. In this study, we show that overexpression of Yap1 complemented the arsenite hypersensitivity of the ycf1 null mutant, but only if the ACR3 gene is functional. We further show that the expression of either an ACR3-lacZ promoter fusion reporter or the endogenous ACR3 gene was stimulated by the overproduction of Yap1 upon exposure to arsenite. These data suggest that Yap1 confers arsenite resistance to the ycf1 null mutant by activating expression of the Yap8-dependent target gene, ACR3. Our data also show Yap8-dependent ACR3-lacZ expression was greatly stimulated by arsenite in a dose-dependent manner in the parental strain. However, overproduction of Yap1 in the parental strain severely limited dose-dependent activation of the reporter by arsenite. We conclude that Yap1 may compete with Yap8 for binding to the ACR3 promoter, but is unable to act as a potent activator.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Bouganim
- University of Montreal, Guy-Bernier Research Centre, QC, Canada
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49
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Wysocki R, Wiśniewska E. [Molecular basis of arsenic action in promyelocytic leukemia cells]. Postepy Biochem 2002; 48:121-30. [PMID: 12362602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Wysocki
- Zakład Genetyki, Instytut Genetyki i Mikrobiologii, Uniwersytet Wrocławski, ul. Przybyszewskiego 63/77, 51-148 Wrocław.
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50
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Abstract
Toxic metalloids such as arsenic and antimony have always been an integral part of the natural environment. To survive in such a hostile habitat, it is crucial to develop strategies to exclude toxic substances from the cell and to acquire tolerance. Cells remove metalloids from the cytosol either by active efflux or by sequestration in an internal organelle. Controlling the influx appears to be another way of maintaining a low intracellular metalloid content. Inside the cell, the metalloid can be reduced to a form that is recognised by the expulsion system(s). In addition, metalloid complexation and compartmentalisation contributes to enhanced cellular tolerance. Finally, the presence of metalloids activates transcription of various cellular defence genes. Metalloid-containing drugs are currently used to treat protozoan infections and promyelocytic leukaemia. Since metalloid resistance hampers efficient treatment, interest in identifying the mechanisms involved in tolerance acquisition has arisen. The possibility of using genetic approaches has made the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae a compelling model system to investigate the basis of metalloid tolerance at a molecular level. This review describes the recent progress made in elucidating the mechanisms involved in metalloid transport and tolerance in yeast and other organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Tamás
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology/Microbiology, Göteburg University, Sweden.
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