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Díaz-López EJ, Villar-Taibo R, Rodriguez-Carnero G, Fernandez-Pombo A, Garcia-Peino R, Blanco-Freire MN, Pena-Dubra A, Prado-Moraña T, Fernández-Xove I, Pérez-Béliz E, Cameselle-Teijeiro JM, Hermida-Ameijeiras A, Martinez-Olmos MA. Should we suspect primary aldosteronism in patients with hypokalaemic rhabdomyolysis? A systematic review. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1257078. [PMID: 37810894 PMCID: PMC10558179 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1257078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe hypokalaemia causing rhabdomyolysis (RML) in primary aldosteronism (PA) is a rare entity, and only a few cases have been reported over the last four decades. This systematic review and case report aims to gather all published data regarding a hypokalaemic RML as presentation of PA in order to contribute to the early diagnosis of this extremely rare presentation. With the use of PubMed Central, EMBASE, and Google Scholar, a thorough internet-based search of the literature was conducted to identify articles and cases with RML secondary to hypokalaemia due to PA between June 1976 and July 2023. The case study concerns a 68-year-old male patient with hypokalaemic RML at presentation of PA. In the systematic review of the literature, 37 cases of RML secondary to hypokalaemia due to PA have been reported to date. In summary, the median age was 47.5 years, the male/female ratio was 17/21, all patients presented symptoms (weakness and/or myalgia), all the patients were hypertensive, and only four patients had complications with acute kidney injury (AKI). Although PA rarely presents with RML, it should be suspected when marked hypokalaemia and hypertension are also present. Early detection and management are essential to reduce the frequency of manifestations such as AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Everardo Josué Díaz-López
- Division of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Clinical Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Unidad de Enfermedades Tiroideas e Metabólicas (UETeM)-Molecular Pathology Group. Department of Psychiatry, Radiology, Public Health, Nursing and Medicine, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS)-Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Rocio Villar-Taibo
- Division of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Clinical Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Gemma Rodriguez-Carnero
- Division of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Clinical Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Division of Epigenomics in Endocrinology and Nutrition Group-Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Antia Fernandez-Pombo
- Division of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Clinical Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Unidad de Enfermedades Tiroideas e Metabólicas (UETeM)-Molecular Pathology Group. Department of Psychiatry, Radiology, Public Health, Nursing and Medicine, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS)-Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Roberto Garcia-Peino
- Division of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Clinical Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | | | - Alberto Pena-Dubra
- Division of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Clinical Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Teresa Prado-Moraña
- Division of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Clinical Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Unidad de Enfermedades Tiroideas e Metabólicas (UETeM)-Molecular Pathology Group. Department of Psychiatry, Radiology, Public Health, Nursing and Medicine, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS)-Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Irea- Fernández-Xove
- Division of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Clinical Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Edurne Pérez-Béliz
- Division of Pathology, University Clinical Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Jose Manuel Cameselle-Teijeiro
- Division of Pathology, University Clinical Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Medical Faculty, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Alvaro Hermida-Ameijeiras
- Division of Internal Medicine, University Clinical Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Miguel Angel Martinez-Olmos
- Division of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Clinical Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Molecular Endocrinology Group-Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- CIBER Pathophysiology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
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