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Scaringella M, Bruzzi M, Farace P, Fogazzi E, Righetto R, Rit S, Tommasino F, Verroi E, Civinini C. The INFN proton computed tomography system for relative stopping power measurements: calibration and verification. Phys Med Biol 2023; 68:154001. [PMID: 37379855 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/ace2a8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Objective. This paper describes the procedure to calibrate the three-dimensional (3D) proton stopping power relative to water (SPR) maps measured by the proton computed tomography (pCT) apparatus of the Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN, Italy). Measurements performed on water phantoms are used to validate the method. The calibration allowed for achieving measurement accuracy and reproducibility to levels below 1%.Approach. The INFN pCT system is made of a silicon tracker for proton trajectory determination followed by a YAG:Ce calorimeter for energy measurement. To perform the calibration, the apparatus has been exposed to protons of energies ranging from 83 to 210 MeV. Using the tracker, a position-dependent calibration has been implemented to keep the energy response uniform across the calorimeter. Moreover, correction algorithms have been developed to reconstruct the proton energy when this is shared in more than one crystal and to consider the energy loss in the non-uniform apparatus material. To verify the calibration and its reproducibility, water phantoms have been imaged with the pCT system during two data-taking sessions.Main results. The energy resolution of the pCT calorimeter resulted to beσEE≅0.9%at 196.5 MeV. The average values of the water SPR in fiducial volumes of the control phantoms have been calculated to be 0.995±0.002. The image non-uniformities were below 1%. No appreciable variation of the SPR and uniformity values between the two data-taking sessions could be identified.Significance. This work demonstrates the accuracy and reproducibility of the calibration of the INFN pCT system at a level below 1%. Moreover, the uniformity of the energy response keeps the image artifacts at a low level even in the presence of calorimeter segmentation and tracker material non-uniformities. The implemented calibration technique allows the INFN-pCT system to face applications where the precision of the SPR 3D maps is of paramount importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Scaringella
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare sezione di Firenze, Via G. Sansone 1, Sesto Fiorentino (Fi), Italy
| | - Mara Bruzzi
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare sezione di Firenze, Via G. Sansone 1, Sesto Fiorentino (Fi), Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università degli Studi di Firenze, via G. Sansone 1, Sesto Fiorentino (Fi), Italy
| | - Paolo Farace
- Medical Physics Department, Hospital of Trento, Azienda Provinciale per i Servizi Sanitari (APSS), Via Paolo Orsi, 1, Trento, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare TIFPA, via Sommarive, 14, Povo (Tn), Italy
| | - Elena Fogazzi
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare TIFPA, via Sommarive, 14, Povo (Tn), Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica Università di Trento, via Sommarive 14, Povo (Tn), Italy
| | - Roberto Righetto
- Medical Physics Department, Hospital of Trento, Azienda Provinciale per i Servizi Sanitari (APSS), Via Paolo Orsi, 1, Trento, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare TIFPA, via Sommarive, 14, Povo (Tn), Italy
| | - Simon Rit
- University of Lyon, INSA-Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, UJM-Saint Etienne, CNRS, Inserm, CREATIS, UMR 5220, U1294 F-69373, Lyon, France
| | - Francesco Tommasino
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare TIFPA, via Sommarive, 14, Povo (Tn), Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica Università di Trento, via Sommarive 14, Povo (Tn), Italy
| | - Enrico Verroi
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare TIFPA, via Sommarive, 14, Povo (Tn), Italy
| | - Carlo Civinini
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare sezione di Firenze, Via G. Sansone 1, Sesto Fiorentino (Fi), Italy
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Fogazzi E, Trevisan D, Farace P, Righetto R, Rit S, Scaringella M, Bruzzi M, Tommasino F, Civinini C. Characterization of the INFN proton CT scanner for cross-calibration of x-ray CT. Phys Med Biol 2023. [PMID: 37201529 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/acd6d3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The goal of this study was to assess the imaging performances of the pCT system developed in the framework of INFN-funded (Italian National Institute of Nuclear Physics) research projects. The spatial resolution, noise power spectrum and RSP accuracy has been investigated, as a preliminary step to implement a new cross-calibration method for x-ray CT (xCT). 
Approach: The INFN pCT apparatus, made of four planes of silicon micro-strip detectors and a YAG:Ce scintillating calorimeter, reconstructs 3D RSP maps by a filtered-back projection algorithm. The imaging performances (i.e. spatial resolution, noise power spectrum and RSP accuracy) of the pCT system were assessed on a custom-made phantom, made of plastic materials with different densities ([0.66, 2.18] g/cm3). For comparison, the same phantom was acquired with a clinical xCT system.
Main results: The spatial resolution analysis revealed the non-linearity of the imaging system, showing different imaging responses in air or water phantom background. Applying the Hann filter in the pCT reconstruction, it was possible to investigate the imaging potential of the system. Matching the spatial resolution value of the xCT (0.54 lp/mm) and acquiring both with the same dose level (11.6 mGy), the pCT appeared to be less noisy than xCT, with an RSP standard deviation of 0.0063. Concerning the RSP accuracy, the measured Mean Absolute Percentage Errors were (0.23+-0.09)% in air and (0.21+-0.07)% in water.
Significance: The obtained performances confirm that the INFN pCT system provides a very accurate RSP estimation, appearing to be a feasible clinical tool for verification and correction of xCT calibration in proton treatment planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Fogazzi
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Trento, Via Sommarive, 14, Povo (TN), 38122, ITALY
| | - Diego Trevisan
- Medical Physics Unit, , Hospital of Trento, Azienda Provinciale per i Servizi Sanitari (APSS), via Paolo Orsi, 1, Trento, 38122, ITALY
| | - Paolo Farace
- Medical Physics Unit, Hospital of Trento, Azienda Provinciale per i Servizi Sanitari (APSS), via Paolo Orsi, 1, Trento, 38122, ITALY
| | - Roberto Righetto
- Medical Physics Unit, Hospital of Trento, Azienda Provinciale per i Servizi Sanitari (APSS), via Paolo Orsi, 1, Trento, Trento, 38122, ITALY
| | - Simon Rit
- Université de Lyon, CREATIS ; CNRS UMR5220 ; Inserm U1206 ; INSA-Lyon ; Université Lyon 1, CREATIS, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, 69373, FRANCE
| | - Monica Scaringella
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Firenze, Via G. Sansone 1, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019, ITALY
| | - Mara Bruzzi
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Universita di Firenze, Via G. Sansone, 1, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019, ITALY
| | - Francesco Tommasino
- Physics, University of Trento, via Sommarive, 14, Trento, Trentino-Alto Adige, 38122, ITALY
| | - Carlo Civinini
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Firenze, Via G. Sansone, 1, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019, ITALY
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Tommasino F, Cartechini G, Righetto R, Farace P, Cianchetti M. Does variable RBE affect toxicity risks for mediastinal lymphoma patients? NTCP-based evaluation after proton therapy treatment. Phys Med 2023; 108:102569. [PMID: 36989976 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2023.102569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mediastinal lymphoma (ML) is a solid malignancy affecting young patients. Modern combined treatments allow obtaining good survival probability, together with a long life expectancy, and therefore with the need to minimize treatment-related toxicities. We quantified the expected toxicity risk for different organs and endpoints in ML patients treated with intensity-modulated proton therapy (IMPT) at our centre, accounting also for uncertainties related to variable RBE. METHODS Treatment plans for ten ML patients were recalculated with a TOPAS-based Monte Carlo code, thus retrieving information on LET and allowing the estimation of variable RBE. Published NTCP models were adopted to calculate the toxicity risk for hypothyroidism, heart valve defects, coronary heart disease and lung fibrosis. NTCP was calculated assuming both constant (i.e. 1.1) and variable RBE. The uncertainty associated with individual radiosensitivity was estimated by random sampling α/β values before RBE evaluation. RESULTS Variable RBE had a minor impact on hypothyroidism risk for 7 patients, while it led to significant increase for the remaining three (+24% risk maximum increase). Lung fibrosis was slightly affected by variable RBE, with a maximum increase of ≅ 1%. This was similar for heart valve dysfunction, with the exception of one patient showing an about 10% risk increase, which could be explained by means of large heart volume and D1 increase. DISCUSSION The use of NTCP models allows for identifying those patients associated with a higher toxicity risk. For those patients, it might be worth including variable RBE in plan evaluation.
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Ruggi A, Melchionda F, Sardi I, Pavone R, Meneghello L, Kitanovski L, Zaletel LZ, Farace P, Zucchelli M, Scagnet M, Toni F, Righetto R, Cianchetti M, Prete A, Greto D, Cammelli S, Morganti AG, Rombi B. Toxicity and Clinical Results after Proton Therapy for Pediatric Medulloblastoma: A Multi-Centric Retrospective Study. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:2747. [PMID: 35681727 PMCID: PMC9179586 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14112747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Medulloblastoma is the most common malignant brain tumor in children. Even if current treatment dramatically improves the prognosis, survivors often develop long-term treatment-related sequelae. The current radiotherapy standard for medulloblastoma is craniospinal irradiation with a boost to the primary tumor site and to any metastatic sites. Proton therapy (PT) has similar efficacy compared to traditional photon-based radiotherapy but might achieve lower toxicity rates. We report on our multi-centric experience with 43 children with medulloblastoma (median age at diagnosis 8.7 years, IQR 6.6, M/F 23/20; 26 high-risk, 14 standard-risk, 3 ex-infant), who received active scanning PT between 2015 and 2021, with a focus on PT-related acute-subacute toxicity, as well as some preliminary data on late toxicity. Most acute toxicities were mild and manageable with supportive therapy. Hematological toxicity was limited, even among HR patients who underwent hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation before PT. Preliminary data on late sequelae were also encouraging, although a longer follow-up is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Ruggi
- Specialty School of Paediatrics-Alma Mater Studiorum, Università di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Fraia Melchionda
- Pediatric Onco-Hematology, IRCCS Sant’Orsola SSD, University Hospital of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (F.M.); (A.P.)
| | - Iacopo Sardi
- Neuro-Oncology Unit, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Meyer Children’s Hospital, 50139 Florence, Italy; (I.S.); (R.P.)
| | - Rossana Pavone
- Neuro-Oncology Unit, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Meyer Children’s Hospital, 50139 Florence, Italy; (I.S.); (R.P.)
| | - Linda Meneghello
- Pediatric Onco-Hematology Service, Pediatric Unit, Santa Chiara Hospital, 38123 Trento, Italy;
| | - Lidija Kitanovski
- Department of Oncology and Haematology, University Children’s Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | | | - Paolo Farace
- Proton Therapy Unit, Santa Chiara Hospital, Azienda Provinciale per i Servizi Sanitari (APSS), 38123 Trento, Italy; (P.F.); (R.R.); (M.C.)
| | - Mino Zucchelli
- Pediatric Neurosurgery, Institute of Neurological Science, IRCCS Bellaria Hospital, 40139 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Mirko Scagnet
- Department of Neurosurgery, Meyer Children’s Hospital, 50139 Florence, Italy;
| | - Francesco Toni
- Neuroradiology Unit, IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, 40139 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Roberto Righetto
- Proton Therapy Unit, Santa Chiara Hospital, Azienda Provinciale per i Servizi Sanitari (APSS), 38123 Trento, Italy; (P.F.); (R.R.); (M.C.)
| | - Marco Cianchetti
- Proton Therapy Unit, Santa Chiara Hospital, Azienda Provinciale per i Servizi Sanitari (APSS), 38123 Trento, Italy; (P.F.); (R.R.); (M.C.)
| | - Arcangelo Prete
- Pediatric Onco-Hematology, IRCCS Sant’Orsola SSD, University Hospital of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (F.M.); (A.P.)
| | - Daniela Greto
- Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, 50134 Florence, Italy;
| | - Silvia Cammelli
- Radiation Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (S.C.); (A.G.M.)
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine-DIMES, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessio Giuseppe Morganti
- Radiation Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (S.C.); (A.G.M.)
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine-DIMES, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Barbara Rombi
- Proton Therapy Unit, Santa Chiara Hospital, Azienda Provinciale per i Servizi Sanitari (APSS), 38123 Trento, Italy; (P.F.); (R.R.); (M.C.)
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Dionisi F, Scartoni D, Rombi B, Vennarini S, Righetto R, Farace P, Lorentini S, Schwarz M, Di Murro L, Demofonti C, D'Angelillo RM, Petrongari MG, Sanguineti G, Amichetti M. Consolidative active scanning proton therapy for mediastinal lymphoma: selection criteria, treatment implementation and clinical feasibility. Strahlenther Onkol 2022; 198:558-565. [PMID: 35394144 DOI: 10.1007/s00066-022-01918-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Proton therapy (PT) represents an advanced form of radiotherapy with unique physical properties which could be of great advantage in reducing long-term radiation morbidity for cancer survivors. Here, we aim to describe the whole process leading to the clinical implementation of consolidative active scanning proton therapy treatment (PT) for mediastinal lymphoma. METHODS The process included administrative, technical and clinical issues. Authorization of PT is required in all cases as mediastinal lymphoma is currently not on the list of diseases reimbursable by the Italian National Health Service. Technically, active scanning PT treatment for mediastinal lymphoma is complex, due to the interaction between actively scanned protons and the usually irregular and large volumes to be irradiated, the nearby healthy tissues and the target motion caused by breathing. A road map to implement the technical procedures was prepared. The clinical selection of patients was of utmost importance and took into account both patient and tumor characteristics. RESULTS The first mediastinal lymphoma was treated at our PT center in 2018, four years after the start of the clinical activities. The treatment technique implementation included mechanical deep inspiration breath-hold simulation computed tomography (CT), clinical target volume (CTV)-based multifield optimization planning and plan robustness analysis. The ultimate authorization rate was 93%. In 4 cases a proton-photon plan comparison was required. Between May 2018 and February, 2021, 14 patients were treated with consolidative PT. The main clinical reasons for choosing PT over photons was a bulky disease in 8 patients (57%), patient's age in 11 patients (78%) and the proximity of the lymphoma to cardiac structures in 10 patients (71%). With a median follow-up of 15 months (range, 1-33 months) all patients but one (out-of-field relapse) are without evidence of disease, all are alive and no late toxicities were observed during the follow-up period. CONCLUSIONS The clinical implementation of consolidative active scanning PT for mediastinal lymphoma required specific technical procedures and a prolonged experience with PT treatments. An accurate selection of patients for which PT could be of advantage in comparison with photons is mandatory.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Dionisi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, IRCSS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy.
| | - D Scartoni
- Proton Therapy unit, APSS, Trento, Italy
| | - B Rombi
- Proton Therapy unit, APSS, Trento, Italy
| | | | - R Righetto
- Proton Therapy unit, APSS, Trento, Italy
| | - P Farace
- Proton Therapy unit, APSS, Trento, Italy
| | | | - M Schwarz
- Proton Therapy unit, APSS, Trento, Italy
| | - L Di Murro
- Department of Radiotherapy, University of Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - C Demofonti
- Department of Radiotherapy, University of Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - R M D'Angelillo
- Department of Radiotherapy, University of Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - M G Petrongari
- Department of Radiation Oncology, IRCSS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - G Sanguineti
- Department of Radiation Oncology, IRCSS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
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Righetto R, Fellin F, Scartoni D, Amichetti M, Schwarz M, Amelio D, Farace P. Is it beneficial to use apertures in proton radiosurgery with a scanning beam? A dosimetric comparison in neurinoma and meningioma patients. J Appl Clin Med Phys 2021; 23:e13459. [PMID: 34751499 PMCID: PMC8833271 DOI: 10.1002/acm2.13459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the dosimetric advantages of apertures in intracranial single fraction proton radiosurgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS Six neuroma and 10 meningioma patients were investigated. For each patient, six plans were computed, with two spot spacing and three aperture settings (no apertures, 5 and 8 mm margin between aperture and clinical target volume [CTV]). All plans were optimized on the CTV with the same beam arrangement and the same single-field robust optimization (2 mm setup errors, 3.5% range uncertainties). Robustness analysis was performed with 0.5 and 1.0 mm systematic setup errors and 3.5% range uncertainties. CTV coverage in the perturbed scenarios and healthy brain tissue sparing in the surrounding of the CTV were compared. RESULTS Meningiomas were larger and at a shallow depth than neuromas. In neuromas, spot spacing did not affect OAR doses or the robustness of CTV coverage and the apertures reduced brain dose without any significant impact on CTV robustness. In meningiomas, smaller spot spacing produced a reduction in brain V5Gy and improved robustness of CTV coverage; in addition, an 8 mm margin aperture reduced low and medium brain tissue doses without affecting robustness in the 0.5 mm perturbed scenario. A 5 mm margin aperture caused a reduction of plan robustness. CONCLUSION The optimal use of apertures is a trade-off between sparing of low and medium dose to the healthy brain and robustness of target coverage, also depending on size and depth of the lesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Righetto
- Proton Therapy Unit, S. Chiara Hospital-Azienda Provinciale per I Servizi Sanitari (APSS), Trento, Italy
| | - Francesco Fellin
- Proton Therapy Unit, S. Chiara Hospital-Azienda Provinciale per I Servizi Sanitari (APSS), Trento, Italy
| | - Daniele Scartoni
- Proton Therapy Unit, S. Chiara Hospital-Azienda Provinciale per I Servizi Sanitari (APSS), Trento, Italy
| | - Maurizio Amichetti
- Proton Therapy Unit, S. Chiara Hospital-Azienda Provinciale per I Servizi Sanitari (APSS), Trento, Italy
| | - Marco Schwarz
- Proton Therapy Unit, S. Chiara Hospital-Azienda Provinciale per I Servizi Sanitari (APSS), Trento, Italy.,Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Applications (TIFPA), National Institute for Nuclear Physics, (INFN), Povo, Italy
| | - Dante Amelio
- Proton Therapy Unit, S. Chiara Hospital-Azienda Provinciale per I Servizi Sanitari (APSS), Trento, Italy
| | - Paolo Farace
- Proton Therapy Unit, S. Chiara Hospital-Azienda Provinciale per I Servizi Sanitari (APSS), Trento, Italy
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Fracchiolla F, Engwall E, Janson M, Tamm F, Lorentini S, Fellin F, Bertolini M, Algranati C, Righetto R, Farace P, Amichetti M, Schwarz M. PO-1609 Clinical validation of a GPU-based MC dose engine of a commercial TPS for PBS proton therapy. Radiother Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(21)08060-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Farace P, Tommasino F, Righetto R, Fracchiolla F, Scaringella M, Bruzzi M, Civinini C. Technical Note: CT calibration for proton treatment planning by cross-calibration with proton CT data. Med Phys 2021; 48:1349-1355. [PMID: 33382083 DOI: 10.1002/mp.14698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study explores the possibility of a new method for x-ray computed tomography (CT) calibration by means of cross-calibration with proton CT (pCT) data. The proposed method aims at a more accurate conversion of CT Hounsfield Units (HU) into proton stopping power ratio (SPR) relative to water to be used in proton-therapy treatment planning. METHODS X-ray CT scan was acquired on a synthetic anthropomorphic phantom, composed of different tissue equivalent materials (TEMs). A pCT apparatus was instead adopted to obtain a reference three-dimensional distribution of the phantom's SPR values. After rigid registration, the x-ray CT was artificially blurred to the same resolution of pCT. Then a scatter plot showing voxel-by-voxel SPR values as a function of HU was employed to link the two measurements and thus obtaining a cross-calibrated x-ray CT calibration curve. The cross-calibration was tested at treatment planning system and then compared with a conventional calibration based on exactly the same TEMs constituting the anthropomorphic phantom. RESULTS Cross-calibration provided an accurate SPR mapping, better than by conventional TEMs calibration. The dose distribution of single beams optimized on the reference SPR map was recomputed on cross-calibrated CT, showing, with respect to conventional calibration, minor deviation at the dose fall-off (lower than 1%). CONCLUSIONS The presented data demonstrated that, by means of reference pCT data, a heterogeneous phantom can be used for CT calibration, paving the way to the use of biological samples, with their accurate description of patients' tissues. This overcomes the limitations of conventional CT calibration requiring homogenous samples, only available by synthetic TEMs, which fail in accurately mimicking the properties of biological tissues. Once a heterogeneous biological sample is provided with its corresponding reference SPR maps, a cross-calibration procedure could be adopted by other PT centers, even when not equipped with a pCT system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Farace
- Protontherapy Unit, Hospital of Trento, Azienda Provinciale per i Servizi Sanitari (APSS), Trento, Italy.,Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare TIFPA, via Sommarive, 14, Trento, Italy
| | - Francesco Tommasino
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare TIFPA, via Sommarive, 14, Trento, Italy.,Department of Physics, University of Trento, via Sommarive, 14, Trento, Italy
| | - Roberto Righetto
- Protontherapy Unit, Hospital of Trento, Azienda Provinciale per i Servizi Sanitari (APSS), Trento, Italy.,Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare TIFPA, via Sommarive, 14, Trento, Italy
| | - Francesco Fracchiolla
- Protontherapy Unit, Hospital of Trento, Azienda Provinciale per i Servizi Sanitari (APSS), Trento, Italy.,Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare TIFPA, via Sommarive, 14, Trento, Italy
| | - Monica Scaringella
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare sezione di Firenze, Via G. Sansone 1, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Mara Bruzzi
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare sezione di Firenze, Via G. Sansone 1, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.,Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università degli Studi di Firenze, via G. Sansone 1, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Carlo Civinini
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare sezione di Firenze, Via G. Sansone 1, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
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Noufal MP, Widesott L, Sharma SD, Righetto R, Cianchetti M, Schwarz M. The Role of Plan Robustness Evaluation in Comparing Protons and Photons Plans - An Application on IMPT and IMRT Plans in Skull Base Chordomas. J Med Phys 2021; 45:206-214. [PMID: 33953495 PMCID: PMC8074721 DOI: 10.4103/jmp.jmp_45_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To analyze robustness of treatment plans optimized using different approaches in intensity modulated proton therapy (IMPT) and investigate the necessity of robust optimization and evaluation in intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) plans for skull base chordomas. Materials and Methods: Two photon plans, standard IMRT and robustly optimized IMRT (RB-IMRT), and two IMPT plans, robustly optimized multi field optimization (MFO) and hybrid-MFO (HB-MFO), were created in RayStation TPS for five patients previously treated using single field uniform optimization (SFO). Both set-up and range uncertainties were incorporated during robust optimization of IMPT plans whereas only set-up uncertainty was used in RB-IMRT. The dosimetric outcomes from the five planning techniques were compared for every patient using standard dose volume indices and integral dose (ID) estimated for target and organs at risk (OARs). Robustness of each treatment plan was assessed by introducing set-up uncertainties of ±3 mm along the three translational axes and, only in protons, an additional range uncertainty of ±3.5%. Results: All the five nominal plans provided comparable and clinically acceptable target coverage. In comparison to nominal plans, worst case decrease in D95% of clinical target volume-high risk (CTV-HR) were 11.1%, 13.5%, and 13.6% for SFO, MFO, and HB-MFO plans respectively. The corresponding values were 13.7% for standard IMRT which improved to 11.5% for RB-IMRT. The worst case increased in high dose (D1%) to CTV-HR was highest in IMRT (2.1%) and lowest in SFO (0.7%) plans. Moreover, IMRT showed worst case increases in D1% for all neurological OARs and were lowest for SFO plans. The worst case D1% for brainstem, chiasm, spinal cord, optic nerves, and temporal lobes were increased by 29%, 41%, 30%, 41% and 14% for IMRT and 18%, 21%, 21%, 24%, and 7% for SFO plans, respectively. In comparison to IMRT, RB-IMRT improved D1% of all neurological OARs ranging from 5% to 14% in worst case scenarios. Conclusion: Based on the five cases presented in the current study, all proton planning techniques (SFO, MFO and HB-MFO) were robust both for target coverage and OARs sparing. Standard IMRT plans were less robust than proton plans in regards to high doses to neurological OARs. However, robust optimization applied to IMRT resulted in improved robustness in both target coverage and high doses to OARs. Robustness evaluation may be considered as a part of plan evaluation procedure even in IMRT.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lamberto Widesott
- Department of Proton Therapy, Azienda Provinciale Per I Servizi Sanitari, Trento, Italy
| | | | - Roberto Righetto
- Department of Proton Therapy, Azienda Provinciale Per I Servizi Sanitari, Trento, Italy
| | - Marco Cianchetti
- Department of Proton Therapy, Azienda Provinciale Per I Servizi Sanitari, Trento, Italy
| | - Marco Schwarz
- Department of Proton Therapy, Azienda Provinciale Per I Servizi Sanitari, Trento, Italy.,TIFPA - INFN, Trento, Italy
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Fracchiolla F, Dionisi F, Righetto R, Widesott L, Giacomelli I, Cartechini G, Farace P, Bertolini M, Amichetti M, Schwarz M. PO-1611: Clinical implementation of liver cancer treatments with pencil beam scanning proton therapy. Radiother Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(21)01629-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Fracchiolla F, Dionisi F, Righetto R, Widesott L, Giacomelli I, Cartechini G, Farace P, Bertolini M, Amichetti M, Schwarz M. Clinical implementation of pencil beam scanning proton therapy for liver cancer with forced deep expiration breath hold. Radiother Oncol 2020; 154:137-144. [PMID: 32976870 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2020.09.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To present our technique for liver cancer treatments with proton therapy in pencil beam scanning mode and to evaluate the impact of uncertainties on plan quality. MATERIALS AND METHODS Seventeen patients affected by liver cancer were included in this study. Patients were imaged and treated in forced breath-hold using the Active Breathing Coordinator system and monitored with an optical tracking system. Three simulation CTs were acquired to estimate the anatomical variability between breath-holds and generate an internal target volume (ITV). The treatment plans were optimized with a Single Field Optimization technique aimed at minimizing the use of range shifter. Plan robustness was tested simulating systematic range and setup uncertainties, as well as the interplay effect between breath-holds. The appropriateness of margin was further verified based on the actual positioning data acquired during treatment. RESULTS The dose distributions of the nominal plans achieved a satisfactory target coverage in 11 out of 17 patients, while in the remaining 6 D95 to the PTV was affected by the constraint on mean liver dose. The constraints for all other organs at risk were always within tolerances. The interplay effect had a limited impact on the dose distributions: the worst case scenario showed a D95 reduction in the ITV < 3.9 GyRBE and no OAR with D1 > 105% of the prescription dose. The robustness analysis showed that for 13 out of 17 patients the ITV coverage in terms of D95 was better than D95 of the PTV in the nominal plan. For the remaining 4 patients, the maximum difference between ITV D95 and PTV D95 was ≤0.7% even for the largest simulated setup error and it was deemed clinically acceptable. Hot spots in the OARs were always lower than 105% of the prescription dose. Positioning images confirmed that the breath hold technique and the PTV margin were adequate to compensate for inter- and intra-breath-hold variations in liver position. CONCLUSION We designed and clinically applied a technique for the treatment of liver cancer with proton pencil beam scanning in forced deep expiration breath-hold. The initial data on plan robustness and patient positioning suggest that the choices in terms of planning technique and treatment margins are able to reach the desired balance between target coverage and organ at risk sparing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Fracchiolla
- Azienda Provinciale per i Servizi Sanitari (APSS) Protontherapy Department, Trento, Italy.
| | - Francesco Dionisi
- Azienda Provinciale per i Servizi Sanitari (APSS) Protontherapy Department, Trento, Italy
| | - Roberto Righetto
- Azienda Provinciale per i Servizi Sanitari (APSS) Protontherapy Department, Trento, Italy
| | - Lamberto Widesott
- Azienda Provinciale per i Servizi Sanitari (APSS) Protontherapy Department, Trento, Italy
| | - Irene Giacomelli
- Azienda Provinciale per i Servizi Sanitari (APSS) Protontherapy Department, Trento, Italy
| | | | - Paolo Farace
- Azienda Provinciale per i Servizi Sanitari (APSS) Protontherapy Department, Trento, Italy
| | - Mattia Bertolini
- Azienda Provinciale per i Servizi Sanitari (APSS) Protontherapy Department, Trento, Italy
| | - Maurizio Amichetti
- Azienda Provinciale per i Servizi Sanitari (APSS) Protontherapy Department, Trento, Italy
| | - Marco Schwarz
- Azienda Provinciale per i Servizi Sanitari (APSS) Protontherapy Department, Trento, Italy; TIFPA Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Applications, Italy
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Fellin F, Artoni M, Righetto R, Bellinzona VE, Widesott L, Dionisi F, Farace P. An avoidance method to minimize dose perturbation effects in proton pencil beam scanning treatment of patients with small high-Z implants. Phys Med Biol 2020; 65:14NT01. [PMID: 32464619 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/ab9775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
To implement a multi-field-optimization (MFO) technique for treating patients with high-Z implants in pencil beam scanning proton-therapy and generate treatment plans that avoids small implants. Two main issues were addressed: (i) the assessment of the optimal CT acquisition and segmentation technique to define the dimension of the implant and (ii) the distance of pencil beams from the implant (avoidance margin) to assure that it does not affect dose distribution. Different CT reconstruction protocols (by O-MAR or standard reconstruction and by 12 bit or 16 bit dynamic range) followed by thresholding segmentation were tested on a phantom with lead spheres of different sizes. The proper avoidance margin was assessed on a dedicated phantoms of different materials (copper/tantalum and lead), shape (square slabs and spheres) and detectors (two-dimensional array chamber and radio-chromic films). The method was then demonstrated on a head-and-neck carcinoma patient, who underwent carotid artery embolization with a platinum coil close to the target. Regardless the application of O-MAR reconstruction, the CT protocol with a full 16 bit dynamic range allowed better estimation of the sphere volumes, with maximal error around -5% in the greater sphere only. Except the configuration with a shallow target (which required a pre-absorber), particularly with a retracted snout, an avoidance margin of around 0.9-1.3 cm allowed to keep the difference between planned and measured dose below 5-10%. The patient plan analysis showed adequate plan quality and confirmed effective implant avoidance. Potential target under-dosage can be produced by patient misalignment, which could be minimized by daily alignment on the implant, identifiable on orthogonal kilovolt images. By implant avoidance MFO it was possible to minimize potential dose perturbation effects produced by small high-Z implants. An advantage of such approach lies in its potential applicability for any type of implant, regardless the precise knowledge of its composition.
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Dionisi F, Brolese A, Siniscalchi B, Giacomelli I, Fracchiolla F, Righetto R, Morganti AG, Pravadelli C, Avancini I, Rozzanigo U, Mattiuzzi A, Frisinghelli M, Pertile R, Ciarleglio FA, Vitale A, Schwarz M, Amichetti M. Clinical results of active scanning proton therapy for primary liver tumors. Tumori 2020; 107:71-79. [PMID: 32648818 DOI: 10.1177/0300891620937809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence for the efficacy of radiation therapy for primary liver cancer is growing. In this context, proton therapy (PT) can potentially improve the therapeutic ratio, as demonstrated by recent clinical studies. Here we report the first European clinical experience on the use of PT for primary liver cancer. METHODS All patients treated for primary liver cancer in our center entered the analysis. Patients were simulated during deep expiration breath-hold. A 15-fraction treatment schedule was adopted using active scanning PT. Clinical outcome and toxicity were retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS Between January 2018 and December 2019, 18 patients were treated. Fourteen patients had hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), three patients had intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC), and one patient had synchronous ICC-HCC. The Child-Pugh score was A5 in the majority of patients with HCC (71.4%). Median prescription dose was 58.05 Gy (range, 50.31-67.5). Median follow-up was 10 months (range, 1-19). The majority of deaths occurred from liver tumor progression. One-year overall survival (OS) was 63%. A significant correlation between worse OS and patient performance status, vascular invasion, and tumor stage was recorded. One-year local control was 90%. Toxicity was low, with a decrease in Child-Pugh score ⩾2 points detected in one patient. No cases of classic radiation-induced liver disease occurred. CONCLUSIONS Our initial results of active scanning PT for primary liver cancer demonstrated the feasibility, safety, and effectiveness of this advanced technique in this setting. The potential of the combination of PT with other locoregional therapies is under evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Dionisi
- Proton Therapy Unit, Azienda Provinciale per i Servizi Sanitari (APSS), Trento, Italy
| | | | | | - Irene Giacomelli
- Proton Therapy Unit, Azienda Provinciale per i Servizi Sanitari (APSS), Trento, Italy
| | - Francesco Fracchiolla
- Proton Therapy Unit, Azienda Provinciale per i Servizi Sanitari (APSS), Trento, Italy
| | - Roberto Righetto
- Proton Therapy Unit, Azienda Provinciale per i Servizi Sanitari (APSS), Trento, Italy
| | | | | | - Ivo Avancini
- Gastroenterology Department, APSS, Trento, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Alessandro Vitale
- Department of Surgical, Oncological & Gastroenterological Sciences, Padua University Hospital, Italy
| | - Marco Schwarz
- Proton Therapy Unit, Azienda Provinciale per i Servizi Sanitari (APSS), Trento, Italy.,Trento Insitute for Fundamental Physics and Applications, TIFPA, National Institute for Nuclaer Physics, INFN, Trento, Italy
| | - Maurizio Amichetti
- Proton Therapy Unit, Azienda Provinciale per i Servizi Sanitari (APSS), Trento, Italy
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Tommasino F, Widesott L, Fracchiolla F, Lorentini S, Righetto R, Algranati C, Scifoni E, Dionisi F, Scartoni D, Amelio D, Cianchetti M, Schwarz M, Amichetti M, Farace P. Clinical implementation in proton therapy of multi-field optimization by a hybrid method combining conventional PTV with robust optimization. Phys Med Biol 2020; 65:045002. [PMID: 31851957 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/ab63b9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
To implement a robust multi-field optimization (MFO) technique compatible with the application of a Monte Carlo (MC) algorithm and to evaluate its robustness. Nine patients (three brain, five head-and-neck, one spine) underwent proton treatment generated by a novel robust MFO technique. A hybrid (hMFO) approach was implemented, planning dose coverage on isotropic PTV compensating for setup errors, whereas range calibration uncertainties are incorporated into PTV robust optimization process. hMFO was compared with single-field optimization (SFO) and full robust multi-field optimization (fMFO), both on the nominal plan and the worst-case scenarios assessed by robustness analysis. The SFO and the fMFO plans were normalized to hMFO on CTV to obtain iso-D95 coverage, and then the organs at risk (OARs) doses were compared. On the same OARs, in the normalized nominal plans the potential impact of variable relative biological effectiveness (RBE) was investigated. hMFO reduces the number of scenarios computed for robust optimization (from twenty-one in fMFO to three), making it practicable with the application of a MC algorithm. After normalizing on D95 CTV coverage, nominal hMFO plans were superior compared to SFO in terms of OARs sparing (p < 0.01), without significant differences compared to fMFO. The improvement in OAR sparing with hMFO with respect to SFO was preserved in worst-case scenarios (p < 0.01), confirming that hMFO is as robust as SFO to physical uncertainties, with no significant differences when compared to the worst case scenarios obtained by fMFO. The dose increase on OARs due to variable RBE was comparable to the increase due to physical uncertainties (i.e. 4-5 Gy(RBE)), but without significant differences between these techniques. hMFO allows improving plan quality with respect to SFO, with no significant differences with fMFO and without affecting robustness to setup, range and RBE uncertainties, making clinically feasible the application of MC-based robust optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Tommasino
- Department of Physics, University of Trento, Via Sommarive, 14-38123 Povo (TN), Italy. Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Applications (TIFPA), National Institute for Nuclear Physics, (INFN), Povo, Italy. Author to whom any correspondence should be addressed
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Righetto R, Clemens LP, Lorentini S, Fracchiolla F, Algranati C, Tommasino F, Dionisi F, Cianchetti M, Schwarz M, Farace P. Accurate proton treatment planning for pencil beam crossing titanium fixation implants. Phys Med 2020; 70:28-38. [PMID: 31954210 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2020.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To present a planning strategy for proton pencil-beam scanning when titanium implants need to be crossed by the beam. METHODS We addressed three issues: the implementation of a CT calibration curve to assign to titanium the correct stopping power; the effect of artefacts on CT images and their reduction by a dedicated algorithm; the differences in dose computation depending on the dose engine, pencil-beam vs Monte-Carlo algorithms. We performed measurement tests on a simple cylinder phantom and on a real implant. These phantoms were irradiated with three geometries (single spots, uniform mono-energetic layer and uniform box), measuring the exit dose either by radio-chromic film or multi-layer ionization chamber. The procedure was then applied on two patients treated for chordoma. RESULTS We had to set in the calibration curve a mass density equal to 4.37 g/cm3 to saturated Hounsfield Units, in order to have the correct stopping power assigned to titanium in TPS. CT artefact reduction algorithm allowed a better reconstruction of the shape and size of the implant. Monte-Carlo resulted accurate in computing the dose distribution whereas the pencil-beam algorithm failed due to sharp density interfaces between titanium and the surrounding material. Finally, the treatment plans obtained on two patients showed the impact of the dose engine algorithm, with 10-20% differences between pencil-beam and Monte-Carlo in small regions distally to the titanium screws. CONCLUSION The described combination of CT calibration, artefacts reduction and Monte-Carlo computation provides a reliable methodology to compute dose in patients with titanium implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Righetto
- Proton Therapy Department, Azienda Provinciale per i Servizi Sanitari (APSS), Trento, Italy.
| | | | - Stefano Lorentini
- Proton Therapy Department, Azienda Provinciale per i Servizi Sanitari (APSS), Trento, Italy
| | - Francesco Fracchiolla
- Proton Therapy Department, Azienda Provinciale per i Servizi Sanitari (APSS), Trento, Italy
| | - Carlo Algranati
- Proton Therapy Department, Azienda Provinciale per i Servizi Sanitari (APSS), Trento, Italy
| | - Francesco Tommasino
- Department of Physics, University of Trento, Povo, Italy; Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Applications (TIFPA), National Institute for Nuclear Physics, (INFN), Povo, Italy
| | - Francesco Dionisi
- Proton Therapy Department, Azienda Provinciale per i Servizi Sanitari (APSS), Trento, Italy
| | - Marco Cianchetti
- Proton Therapy Department, Azienda Provinciale per i Servizi Sanitari (APSS), Trento, Italy
| | - Marco Schwarz
- Proton Therapy Department, Azienda Provinciale per i Servizi Sanitari (APSS), Trento, Italy; Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Applications (TIFPA), National Institute for Nuclear Physics, (INFN), Povo, Italy
| | - Paolo Farace
- Proton Therapy Department, Azienda Provinciale per i Servizi Sanitari (APSS), Trento, Italy
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Amelio D, Scartoni D, Lorentini S, Widesott L, Righetto R, Giacomelli I, Schwarz M, Amichetti M. EP-1246 Outcomes and health-related quality of life in large skull base meningiomas treated with protons. Radiother Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(19)31666-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Tommasino F, Widesott L, Fracchiolla F, Lorentini S, Righetto R, Algranati C, Scifoni E, Dionisi F, Scartoni D, Amelio D, Cianchetti M, Schwarz M, Amichetti M, Farace P. EP-1837 A new hybrid approach to allow robust Monte Carlo-based multi-field optimization in proton therapy. Radiother Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(19)32257-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Schwarz M, Innocenzi M, Giacomelli I, Fracchiolla F, Patera V, Righetto R. EP-1848 Inaccuracies in proton dose calculation may be as significant as setup and range uncertainties. Radiother Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(19)32268-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Righetto R, Amelio D, Scartoni D, Schwarz M. 220. Evaluation of robustness to setup and range uncertainties of a proton radiosurgery plan. Phys Med 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2018.04.231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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Seravalli E, Bosman M, Lassen-Ramshad Y, Vestergaard A, Oldenburger F, Visser J, Koutsouveli E, Paraskevopoulou C, Horan G, Ajithkumar T, Timmermann B, Fuentes CS, Whitfield G, Marchant T, Padovani L, Garnier E, Gandola L, Meroni S, Hoeben BAW, Kusters M, Alapetite C, Losa S, Goudjil F, Magelssen H, Evensen ME, Saran F, Smyth G, Rombi B, Righetto R, Kortmann RD, Janssens GO. Dosimetric comparison of five different techniques for craniospinal irradiation across 15 European centers: analysis on behalf of the SIOP-E-BTG (radiotherapy working group) . Acta Oncol 2018; 57:1240-1249. [PMID: 29698060 DOI: 10.1080/0284186x.2018.1465588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Conventional techniques (3D-CRT) for craniospinal irradiation (CSI) are still widely used. Modern techniques (IMRT, VMAT, TomoTherapy®, proton pencil beam scanning [PBS]) are applied in a limited number of centers. For a 14-year-old patient, we aimed to compare dose distributions of five CSI techniques applied across Europe and generated according to the participating institute protocols, therefore representing daily practice. MATERIAL AND METHODS A multicenter (n = 15) dosimetric analysis of five different techniques for CSI (3D-CRT, IMRT, VMAT, TomoTherapy®, PBS; 3 centers per technique) was performed using the same patient data, set of delineations and dose prescription (36.0/1.8 Gy). Different treatment plans were optimized based on the same planning target volume margin. All participating institutes returned their best treatment plan applicable in clinic. RESULTS The modern radiotherapy techniques investigated resulted in superior conformity/homogeneity-indices (CI/HI), particularly in the spinal part of the target (CI: 3D-CRT:0.3 vs. modern:0.6; HI: 3D-CRT:0.2 vs. modern:0.1), and demonstrated a decreased dose to the thyroid, heart, esophagus and pancreas. Dose reductions of >10.0 Gy were observed with PBS compared to modern photon techniques for parotid glands, thyroid and pancreas. Following this technique, a wide range in dosimetry among centers using the same technique was observed (e.g., thyroid mean dose: VMAT: 5.6-24.6 Gy; PBS: 0.3-10.1 Gy). CONCLUSIONS The investigated modern radiotherapy techniques demonstrate superior dosimetric results compared to 3D-CRT. The lowest mean dose for organs at risk is obtained with proton therapy. However, for a large number of organs ranges in mean doses were wide and overlapping between techniques making it difficult to recommend one radiotherapy technique over another.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrica Seravalli
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht and Princess Maxima Centre for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Mirjam Bosman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht and Princess Maxima Centre for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Yasmin Lassen-Ramshad
- Department of Oncology and Danish Center for Particle Therapy, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Anne Vestergaard
- Department of Oncology and Danish Center for Particle Therapy, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Foppe Oldenburger
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jorrit Visser
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Efi Koutsouveli
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hygeia Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Gail Horan
- Department of Oncology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Thankamma Ajithkumar
- Department of Oncology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Beate Timmermann
- Clinic for Particle Therapy, West German Protontherapy Center Essen, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Carolina-Sofia Fuentes
- Clinic for Particle Therapy, West German Protontherapy Center Essen, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Gillian Whitfield
- The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK and The Children's Brain Tumour Research Network, University of Manchester, Royal Mancheste Children's Hospital, Manchester, UK
| | | | - Laetitia Padovani
- Department of Radiotherapy, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de La Timone, Marseille, France
| | - Eloise Garnier
- Department of Radiotherapy, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de La Timone, Marseille, France
| | - Lorenza Gandola
- Pediatric Radiotherapy Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milano, Italy
| | - Silvia Meroni
- Pediatric Radiotherapy Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milano, Italy
| | - Bianca A. W. Hoeben
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn Kusters
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Claire Alapetite
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Institut Curie and Centre de protontherapie, Paris and Orsay, France
| | - Sandra Losa
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Institut Curie and Centre de protontherapie, Paris and Orsay, France
| | - Farid Goudjil
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Institut Curie and Centre de protontherapie, Paris and Orsay, France
| | - Henriette Magelssen
- Department of Oncology, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Morten Egeberg Evensen
- Department of Oncology, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Frank Saran
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, UK
| | - Gregory Smyth
- Joint Department of Physics at The Institute of Cancer Research and The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Barbara Rombi
- Protontherapy Center, Azienda Provinciale per i Servizi Sanitari APSS, Trento, Italy
| | - Roberto Righetto
- Protontherapy Center, Azienda Provinciale per i Servizi Sanitari APSS, Trento, Italy
| | | | - Geert O. Janssens
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht and Princess Maxima Centre for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Amelio D, Scartoni D, Righetto R, Widesott L, Schwarz M, Amichetti M. EP-1210: Active beam scanning proton therapy for vestibular schwannomas: early outcomes. Radiother Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(18)31520-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Righetto R, Farace P, Bonani W, Cianchetti M, Schwarz M. PO-0884: Validation of computed dose distribution in the presence of titanium implants. Radiother Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(18)31194-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Deffet S, Macq B, Righetto R, Vander Stappen F, Farace P. Registration of pencil beam proton radiography data with X-ray CT. Med Phys 2017; 44:5393-5401. [DOI: 10.1002/mp.12497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Revised: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Deffet
- Institute of Information and Communication Technologies; Université catholique de Louvain; Louvain-La-Neuve 1348 Belgium
| | - Benoît Macq
- Institute of Information and Communication Technologies; Université catholique de Louvain; Louvain-La-Neuve 1348 Belgium
| | | | - François Vander Stappen
- Medical Accelerators Solutions - R&D; Ion Beam Applications (IBA); Louvain-La-Neuve 1348 Belgium
| | - Paolo Farace
- Proton Therapy Unit; Hospital of Trento; Trento 38122 Italy
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Miori G, WIdesott L, Fracchiolla F, Lorentini S, Farace P, Righetto R, Algranati C, Schwarz M. PO-0875: Dosimetric effects of anatomical changes in proton therapy of head and neck (H&N) cancer. Radiother Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(17)31312-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Giacomelli I, Scartoni D, Cianchetti M, Dionisi F, Amelio D, Lemoine S, Fellin F, Righetto R, Amichetti M. OC-0545: Head and neck paragangliomas: preliminary results of the Protontherapy Centre of Trento (Italy). Radiother Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(17)30985-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Farace P, Bizzocchi N, Righetto R, Fellin F, Fracchiolla F, Lorentini S, Widesott L, Algranati C, Rombi B, Vennarini S, Amichetti M, Schwarz M. Supine craniospinal irradiation in pediatric patients by proton pencil beam scanning. Radiother Oncol 2017; 123:112-118. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2017.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Revised: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Fellin F, Righetto R, Fava G, Trevisan D, Amelio D, Farace P. Water equivalent thickness of immobilization devices in proton therapy planning – Modelling at treatment planning and validation by measurements with a multi-layer ionization chamber. Phys Med 2017; 35:31-38. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2017.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Revised: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Farace P, Righetto R, Deffet S, Meijers A, Vander Stappen F. Technical Note: A direct ray-tracing method to compute integral depth dose in pencil beam proton radiography with a multilayer ionization chamber. Med Phys 2016; 43:6405. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4966703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Amelio D, Widesott L, Vennarini S, Fellin F, Maines F, Righetto R, Lorentini S, Farace P, Schwarz M, Amichetti M. P08.52 Proton therapy re-Irradiation in large-volume recurrent glioblastoma. Neuro Oncol 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/now188.185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Bizzocchi N, Rombi B, Farace P, Vennarini S, Righetto R, Schwarz M, Amichetti M. RO-20A PLANNING APPROACH FOR LENS SPARING PROTON CRANIOSPINAL IRRADIATION IN A PEDIATRIC PATIENT. Neuro Oncol 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/now082.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Deffet S, Farace P, Righetto R, Macq B, Vander Stappen F. SU-G-TeP2-13: Patient-Specific Reduction of Range Uncertainties in Proton Therapy by Proton Radiography with a Multi-Layer Ionization Chamber. Med Phys 2016. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4957048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Bizzocchi N, Rombi B, Farace P, Algranati C, Righetto R, Schwarz M, Amichetti M. EP-1691: A planning approach for lens sparing proton craniospinal irradiation in pediatric patients. Radiother Oncol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(16)32942-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Righetto R, Meijers A, Vander Stappen F, Farace P. PO-0914: Adjustment of CT calibration in presence of titanium implants by pencil beam proton radiography. Radiother Oncol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(16)32164-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Abstract
In this note, an intensity modulated proton therapy (IMPT) technique, based on the use of high single-energy (SE-IMPT) pencil beams, is described.The method uses only the highest system energy (226 MeV) and only lateral penumbra to produce dose gradient, as in photon therapy. In the study, after a preliminary analysis of the width of proton pencil beam penumbras at different depths, SE-IMPT was compared with conventional IMPT in a phantom containing titanium inserts and in a patient, affected by a spinal chordoma with fixation rods.It was shown that SE-IMPT has the potential to produce a sharp dose gradient and that it is not affected by the uncertainties produced by metal implants crossed by the proton beams. Moreover, in the chordoma patient, target coverage and organ at risk sparing of the SE-IMPT plan resulted comparable to that of the less reliable conventional IMPT technique. Robustness analysis confirmed that SE-IMPT was not affected by range errors, which can drastically affect the IMPT plan.When accepting a low-dose spread as in modern photon techniques, SE-IMPT could be an option for the treatment of lesions (e.g. cervical bone tumours) where steep dose gradient could improve curability, and where range uncertainty, due for example to the presence of metal implants, hampers conventional IMPT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Farace
- Proton Therapy Unit, Azienda Provinciale per i Servizi Sanitari (APSS), Trento, Italy
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Algranati C, Bizzocchi N, Farace P, Fellin F, Fracchiolla F, Lorentini F, Righetto R, Widesott L, Schwarz M. EP-1371: Multipurpose dosimetry phantom for QA in PBS therapy systems with commercial measurement devices. Radiother Oncol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(15)41363-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Balardi L, Mantello G, Costantini S, Fenu F, Vicenzi L, Cucciarelli F, Montisci M, Righetto R, Valenti M, Cardinali M. OC-0234 IGRT DATA TO EVALUATE SET UP ACCURACY OF THE IMMOBILIZZATION SYSTEMS. Radiother Oncol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(12)70573-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Righetto R, Valenti M, Mantello G, Cardinali M, Maggi S. 1278 poster RESPIRATORY GATED RADIATION THERAPY: A DOSIMETRIC ANALYSIS. Radiother Oncol 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(11)71400-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Scalchi P, Righetto R, Cavedon C, Francescon P, Colombo F. Direct tumor in vivo dosimetry in highly-conformal radiotherapy: a feasibility study of implantable MOSFETs for hypofractionated extracranial treatments using the Cyberknife system. Med Phys 2010. [PMID: 20443463 DOI: 10.1118/1.3284208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE In highly-conformal radiotherapy, due to the complexity of both beam configurations and dose distributions, traditional in vivo dosimetry is unpractical or even impossible. The ideal dosimeter would be implanted inside the planning treatment volume so that it can directly measure the total delivered dose during each fraction with no additional uncertainty due to calculation models. The aim of this work is to verify if implantable metal oxide semiconductors field effect transistors (MOSFETs) can achieve a sufficient degree of dosimetric accuracy when used inside extracranial targets undergoing radiotherapy treatments using the Cyberknife system. METHODS Based on the preliminary findings of this study, new prototypes for high dose fractionations were developed to reduce the time dependence for long treatment delivery times. These dosimeters were recently cleared and are marketed as DVS-HFT. Multiple measurements were performed using both Virtual Water and water phantoms to characterize implantable MOSFETs under the Cyberknife beams, and included the reference-dosimetry consistency, the dependence of the response on the collimator size, on the daily delivered dose, and the time irradiation modality. Finally a Cyberknife prostate treatment simulation using a body phantom was conducted, and both MOSFET and ionization readings were compared to Monte Carlo calculations. The feasibility analysis was conducted based on the ratios of the absorbed dose divided by the dose reading, named as "further calibration factor" (FCF). RESULTS The average FCFs resulted to be 0.98 for the collimator dependence test, and about 1.00 for the reference-dosimetry test, the dose-dependence test, and the time-dependence test. The average FCF of the prostate treatment simulation test was 0.99. CONCLUSIONS The obtained results are well within DVS specifications, that is, the factory calibration is still valid for such kind of treatments using the Cyberknife system, with no need of further calibration factors to be applied. The final accuracy of implantable MOSFETs when used for such kind of treatments was estimated to be within +/- 4%. Additional investigations using dose/fraction higher than 12 Gy, different beam configurations, and tracking systems could extend the present findings to other kind of treatments. MOSFET technology was proven to have high versatility in fast adaptation of existing detectors to new applications. It is plausible to expect a general feasibility of implantable MOSFET technology for in vivo dosimetry of the extracranial-targets treatments using the Cyberknife, provided each particular application will be validated by suitable both physical and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Scalchi
- Department of Medical Physics, San Bortolo City Hospital, Vicenza 36100, Italy.
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Scalchi P, Righetto R, Cavedon C, Francescon P, Colombo F. Direct tumorin vivodosimetry in highly-conformal radiotherapy: A feasibility study of implantable MOSFETs for hypofractionated extracranial treatments using the Cyberknife®system. Med Phys 2010; 37:1413-23. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3315370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Riccardi L, Cauzzo MC, Fabbris R, Tonini E, Righetto R. Comparison between a built-in “dual side” chest imaging device and a standard “single side” CR. Med Phys 2006; 34:119-26. [PMID: 17278497 DOI: 10.1118/1.2400619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
An integrated readout computed radiography system (Fuji XU-D1) incorporating dual-side imaging plates (ST-55BD) was analyzed in terms of modulation transfer function (MTF), noise power spectrum (NPS), and detective quantum efficiency (DQE) for standard beam qualities RQA 9 and RQA 5. NPS and DQE were assessed using a detector entrance air kerma consistent with clinical practice for chest radiography. Similar investigation was performed on a standard reader (Fuji FCR 5000) using single-side imaging plates (ST-VI). Negligible differences were found between the MTFs of the two imaging systems for RQA 9, whereas for RQA 5 the single-side system exhibited slightly superior MTF. Regarding noise response, the dual-side system turned out to be better performing for both beam qualities over a wide range of frequencies. For RQA 9, at 8 microGy, the DQE of the dual-side system was moderately higher over the whole frequency range, whereas for RQA 5, at 10 microGy, significant improvement was found at low- and midrange frequencies. As an example, at 1 cycle/mm, the following improvements in the DQE of the dual-side system were observed: +22% (RQA 9, at 8 microGy), +50% (RQA 9, at 30 microGy), and +45% (RQA 5, at 10 microGy).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Riccardi
- Struttura Complessa Interaziendale di Fisica Sanitaria, Azienda Ospedale Università di Padova, via Giustiniani 1, Padova, 35128 Italy
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