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Macartney RA, Weaver E, Irwin R, Wylie MP, Burke GA, Lamprou DA. Co-delivery of VEGF and amoxicillin using LP-coated co-axial electrospun fibres for the potential treatment of diabetic wounds. Biomater Adv 2024; 158:213765. [PMID: 38242058 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2024.213765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Diabetic complications present throughout a wide range of body tissues, however one of the most widely recognised complications remains to be chronic diabetic wounds. Current treatment options largely rely on standard wound treatment routines which provide no promotion of wound healing mechanisms at different physiological stages of repair. Recently materials produced using novel additive manufacturing techniques have been receiving attention for applications in wound care and tissue repair. Additive manufacturing techniques have recently been used in the interest of targeted drug delivery and production of novel materials resembling characteristics of native tissues. The potential to exploit these highly tailorable manufacturing techniques for the design of novel wound care remedies is highly desirable. In the present study two additive manufacturing techniques are combined to produce a scaffold for the treatment of diabetic wounds. The combination of microfluidic manufacturing of an antimicrobial liposome (LP) formulation and a coaxial electrospinning method incorporating both antimicrobial and proangiogenic factors allowed dual delivery of therapeutics to target both infection and lack of vascularisation at wound sites. The coaxial fibres comprised of a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) core containing vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and a poly (l-lactide-co-ε-caprolactone) (PLCL) shell blended with amoxicillin (Amox). Additionally, a liposomal formulation was produced to incorporate Amox and adhered to the surface of fibres loaded with Amox and VEGF. The liposomal loading provided the potential to deliver a much higher, more clinically relevant dose of Amox without detrimentally changing the mechanical properties of the material. The growth factor release was sustained up to 7-days in vitro. The therapeutic effect of the antibiotic loading was analysed using a disk diffusion method with a significant increase in zone diameter following LP adhesion, proving the full scaffold system had improved efficacy against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative strains. Additionally, the dual-loaded scaffolds show enhanced potential for supporting vascular growth in vitro, as demonstrated via a viability assay and tubule formation studies. Results showed a significant increase in the average total number of tubes from 10 in control samples to 77 in samples fully-loaded with Amox and VEGF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robyn A Macartney
- Nanotechnology & Integrated Bioengineering Centre (NIBEC), School of Engineering, Ulster University, York Street, Belfast BT15 1ED, UK; School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK.
| | - Edward Weaver
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Robyn Irwin
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Matthew P Wylie
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - George A Burke
- Nanotechnology & Integrated Bioengineering Centre (NIBEC), School of Engineering, Ulster University, York Street, Belfast BT15 1ED, UK
| | - Dimitrios A Lamprou
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK.
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Weaver E, Macartney RA, Irwin R, Uddin S, Hooker A, Burke GA, Wylie MP, Lamprou DA. Liposomal encapsulation of amoxicillin via microfluidics with subsequent investigation of the significance of PEGylated therapeutics. Int J Pharm 2024; 650:123710. [PMID: 38097147 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
With an increasing concern of global antimicrobial resistance, the efforts to improve the formulation of a narrowing library of therapeutic antibiotics must be confronted. The liposomal encapsulation of antibiotics using a novel and sustainable microfluidic method has been employed in this study to address this pressing issue, via a targeted, lower-dose medical approach. The study focusses upon microfluidic parameter optimisation, formulation stability, cytotoxicity, and future applications. Particle sizes of circa. 130 nm, with viable short-term (28-day) physical stability were obtained, using two different non-cytotoxic liposomal formulations, both of which displayed suitable antibacterial efficacy. The microfluidic method allowed for high encapsulation efficiencies (≈77 %) and the subsequent in vitro release profile suggested high limits of antibiotic dissociation from the nanovessels, achieving 90% release within 72 h. In addition to the experimental data, the growing use of poly(ethylene) glycol (PEG) within lipid-based formulations is discussed in relation to anti-PEG antibodies, highlighting the key pharmacological differences between PEGylated and non-PEGylated formulations and their respective advantages and drawbacks. It's surmised that in the case of the formulations used in this study, the addition of PEG upon the liposomal membrane would still be a beneficial feature to possess owing to beneficial features such as stability, antibiotic efficacy and the capacity to further modify the liposomal membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward Weaver
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Robyn A Macartney
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK; Nanotechnology & Integrated Bioengineering Centre (NIBEC), School of Engineering, Ulster University, York Street, Belfast BT15 1ED, UK
| | - Robyn Irwin
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Shahid Uddin
- Immunocore Ltd, 92 Park Dr, Milton, Abingdon OX14 4RY, UK
| | - Andrew Hooker
- Immunocore Ltd, 92 Park Dr, Milton, Abingdon OX14 4RY, UK
| | - George A Burke
- Nanotechnology & Integrated Bioengineering Centre (NIBEC), School of Engineering, Ulster University, York Street, Belfast BT15 1ED, UK
| | - Matthew P Wylie
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Dimitrios A Lamprou
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK.
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