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Fahim C, Kasperavicius D, Beckett R, Quinn de Launay K, Chandraraj A, Crupi A, Theivendrampillai S, Straus SE. Funding change: An environmental scan of research funders’ knowledge translation strategic plans and initiatives across 10 high-income countries/regions. Facets (Ott) 2023. [DOI: 10.1139/facets-2022-0124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Knowledge translation (KT) is the science and practice of dissemination and implementation of evidence. We describe how research funders operationalize and evaluate KT initiatives, identify challenges and opportunities, and suggest strategic considerations for KT support. We conducted an environmental scan, which included a systematic search of published and grey literature and a focus group with Canadian funders. A total of 130 published articles and 2415 grey literature sources were screened; 212 unique data sources were included. Published literature commonly described KT initiatives related to “KT practice and science funding.” These initiatives commonly provided funds for infrastructure development (e.g., clinical technologies, database subscriptions) to facilitate translational or applied research to address regional health priorities. Of the articles, 44% outlined an evaluation plan; few provided validated KT metrics. In the grey literature, 364 initiatives were described; the most commonly described initiatives related to “exchange and integrated KT.” Focus group participants hoped to see increased resources to support KT, exchange opportunities with policy/decision-makers, and evaluate KT initiatives. Funders completed various KT initiatives, which tended to engage stakeholders to set research priorities, collaborate with a range of stakeholders, build KT capacity, and mandate KT requirements. We provide six considerations for funders to support KT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Fahim
- Knowledge Translation Program, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, Unity Health Toronto, 30 Bond St, Toronto, M5B 1W8, Canada
| | - Danielle Kasperavicius
- Knowledge Translation Program, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, Unity Health Toronto, 30 Bond St, Toronto, M5B 1W8, Canada
| | - Robyn Beckett
- Knowledge Translation Program, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, Unity Health Toronto, 30 Bond St, Toronto, M5B 1W8, Canada
| | - Keelia Quinn de Launay
- Knowledge Translation Program, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, Unity Health Toronto, 30 Bond St, Toronto, M5B 1W8, Canada
| | - Arthana Chandraraj
- Knowledge Translation Program, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, Unity Health Toronto, 30 Bond St, Toronto, M5B 1W8, Canada
| | - Amanda Crupi
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research, 160 Elgin Street, 10th Floor, Ottawa, K1A 0W9, Canada
| | - Suvabna Theivendrampillai
- Knowledge Translation Program, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, Unity Health Toronto, 30 Bond St, Toronto, M5B 1W8, Canada
| | - Sharon E. Straus
- Knowledge Translation Program, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, Unity Health Toronto, 30 Bond St, Toronto, M5B 1W8, Canada
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Gratzer D, Islam F, Sockalingam S, Beckett R. Reading of the Week: a continuing professional development program for psychiatrists and residents that Osler would have liked. Can Med Educ J 2022; 13:81-85. [PMID: 35291453 PMCID: PMC8909823 DOI: 10.36834/cmej.72089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION William Osler started the first journal club more than a century ago. As in Osler's time, continuing professional development (CPD) is challenging to deliver in our day. This paper discusses the CPD outcomes of Reading of the Week (ROTW), an innovative online education resource aimed at Canadian psychiatrists and psychiatry residents. METHODS ROTW consists of a weekly email sent to these physicians through formal partnerships, including 13 residency training programs, and summarizes the latest literature in psychiatric care. An online survey using Moore's continued medical education evaluation framework was conducted to determine the outcomes of ROTW and how to improve it. RESULTS One-third of ROTW subscribers (n = 332) responded to the survey. Respondents reported a very high rate of satisfaction (97%). The most significant findings: ROTW improved participants' understanding of psychiatry (93%) and informed their practice (83%). CONCLUSIONS ROTW is a program that addresses challenges related to remaining "up-to-date" amidst the vast amount of resources available. Survey data suggests that ROTW has a high satisfaction rate and achieves practice change, perhaps because it provides a boundless learning option for trainees and providers. Further research is needed better to understand the reasons for the success of this program.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Gratzer
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Faisal Islam
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sanjeev Sockalingam
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Robyn Beckett
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael’s Hospital, Ontario, Canada
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Beckett R, Stone J. Timings of major glaciations, inherent selection schemes and the origins of cold hardy animal phyla. Cryo Letters 2017; 38:347-356. [PMID: 29734401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED BACKGROUND: Knowing the origin dates of specific phyla may help in understanding the intricate relationships between environments and their biota. Past extreme environments would have challenged biota and led to the evolution of phyla that were and possibly still are able to withstand extreme conditions. OBJECTIVE We test the hypothesis that major glaciation events imposed strong selection schemes, ultimately leading to the origins of cold hardy phyla. METHODS We identified dates of past major glaciation events, cold hardy phyla and their origin dates and synthesized these data in a phylogenetic context. RESULTS Origin dates of cold hardy phyla do not correspond with major glaciation events, falsifying the hypothesis. CONCLUSION An alternative hypothesis is proposed in which varying degrees of cold hardiness evolved at other taxonomic levels within these phyla.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Beckett
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton Canada.
| | - J Stone
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton Canada
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Halasa R, Brown A, Ong C, Beckett R, Shah S, Patel D, Phillips K, McNinch D, Jones J. 337 Then and Now: Psychosocial Emergencies in the Elderly. Ann Emerg Med 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2015.07.373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Leonard AW, Hyne RV, Lim RP, Leigh KA, Le J, Beckett R. Fate and toxicity of endosulfan in Namoi River water and bottom sediment. J Environ Qual 2001; 30:750-759. [PMID: 11401264 DOI: 10.2134/jeq2001.303750x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Endosulfan (6,7,8,9,10,10,-hexachloro-1,5,5a,6,9,9a-hexahydro-6,9-methano-2,4,3-benzodioxathiepine-3-oxide) sorption (standardized to 1% total organic carbon and dry weight) was significantly (P < 0.05) more concentrated on the large (>63 microm) particle fraction compared with smaller size fractions (<5 microm and 5-24 microm) of bottom sediments from the Namoi River, Australia. Following completion of the particle size fractionation (6 to 12 wk) and a sediment toxicity assessment (2 wk), the sediments showed large decreases in concentrations of alpha-endosulfan that coincided with an increase in endosulfan sulfate concentrations and minimal changes in beta-endosulfan concentrations. In the Namoi River, similar patterns were observed in the composition of total endosulfan in monthly measurements of bottom sediments and in passive samplers placed in the water column following runoff from cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) fields. The toxicity of endosulfan sulfate in river water indicated by the nymphs of the epibenthic mayfly Jappa kutera, was more persistent than the alpha- and beta-endosulfan parent isomers due to its longer half-life. This suggests that endosulfan sulfate would contribute most to previously observed changes in population densities of aquatic biota. Measured concentrations of total endosulfan in river water of up to 4 microg L(-1) following storm runoff, exceed the range of the 96-h median lethal concentration (LC50) values in river water for both alpha-endosulfan (LC50 = 0.7 microg L(-1); 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.5 to 1.1) and endosulfan sulfate (LC50 = 1.2 microg L(-1); 95% CI = 0.4 to 3.3). In contrast, the 10-d LC50 value for total endosulfan in the sediment toxicity test (LC50 = 162 microg kg(-1); 95% CI = 120 to 218 microg kg(-1)) was more than threefold higher than the highest measured concentration of total endosulfan in field samples of bottom sediment (48 microg kg(-1)). This suggests that pulse exposures of endosulfan in the water column following storm runoff may be more acutely toxic to riverine biota than in contaminated bottom sediment.
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Affiliation(s)
- A W Leonard
- Dep of Environmental Sciences, Univ of Technology-Sydney, Centre for Ecotoxicology, NSW, Australia
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Chen B, Shand CA, Beckett R. Determination of total and EDTA extractable metal distributions in the colloidal fraction of contaminated soils using SdFFF-ICP-HRMS. J Environ Monit 2001; 3:7-14. [PMID: 11253022 DOI: 10.1039/b006633h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Newly developed methods involving an on-line combination of sedimentation field-flow fractionation-inductively coupled plasma-high resolution mass spectrometry (SdFFF-ICP-HRMS) have been used to study the distributions of extractable heavy metals in a soil which had been treated with sewage sludge contaminated with Cu or Pb. The relationship of these metals with other elements in the colloidal fraction was also investigated. The colloidal fraction from the soil was obtained by repeated gravitational sedimentation and extracted with 0.11 M acetic acid, 0.1 M hydroxylamine hydrochloride, 0.05 M ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt (EDTA) or aqua regia to assess the potential availability of the metals Cu and Pb. Large proportions of the Cu and Pb were extracted by EDTA, approaching that removed by aqua regia, whereas < 10% of the aqua regia extractable metals were removed by acetic acid and hydroxylamine chloride. The distributions of the heavy metals, the major mineral forming element (Al) and the elements forming sesquioxides (Fe and Mn) within different size classes (0.05-1 microm) of the colloidal fraction were measured using SdFFF-ICP-HRMS before and after extraction with EDTA. This information provides an insight into the composition of the colloids and the distributions of metal contaminants. In the contaminated soil colloids, the concentration of Fe, Mn and Pb is greatest in the smaller particles (<0.2 microm). In contrast, the Cu concentration is constant over the size range studied. Iron oxide surface coatings probably play a significant role in Pb adsorption on soil particles, but may be less important for Cu. The combination of selective chemical extraction, SdFFF and ICP-HRMS provides a means of determining the distribution of potentially available heavy metals within the colloidal fraction of contaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Chen
- CRC for Freshwater Ecology, Water Studies Centre, School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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Abstract
A new method has been utilised for the characterisation of natural particle surface coatings. The method involves the use of sedimentation field-flow fractionation (SdFFF), radiolabelling and inductively coupled plasma-high resolution mass spectrometry (ICP-HR MS) techniques to study the effect of colloidal surface coatings on the adsorptive behaviour of orthophosphate. Colloidal river sediment and soil samples were chemically treated in an attempt to selectively remove metal hydroxyoxides and natural organic matter. The samples were then radiolabelled with 33PO4(3-) and analysed by SdFFF to determine the surface adsorption density (SAD) of orthophosphate as a function of particle size. The SdFFF unit was directly coupled to an ICP-HR MS to determine the chemical composition of the colloidal samples as a function of particle size. Element concentration/UV detector signal and element atomic molar ratios were plotted against particle size, and the trends used in the interpretation of SAD distribution (SADD) changes for the samples were studied. In general, non-constant trends in the orthophosphate SADDs were found, except for the river sediment treated with hydroxylamine hydrochloride. The results indicated that, in the soil sample studied, the Mn oxide coating was a dominant factor in determining phosphorus adsorption. This method could also be applicable to other industrial or similar samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Chen
- CRC for Freshwater Ecology, Water Studies Centre, Department of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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Abstract
The association of pollutants (nutrients, heavy metals and organic compounds) with colloidal and suspended particle matter (SPM) plays a dominant role in determining their transport, fate, biogeochemistry, bioavailability and toxicity in natural waters. A scheme for the fractionation and composition of colloidal and SPM from river waters has been tested. All four separation methods, i.e. sieving, continuous flow centrifugation, tangential flow filtration, sedimentation field-flow fractionation, were for the first time used to separate five size particulate fractions from river. Significant (gram) amounts of colloidal material (<1 microm) in three size ranges, nominally 1-0.2, 0.2-0.006 and 0.006-0.003 microm were obtained. The separation scheme was able to process large samples (100 l), within reasonable times (1 day) and the apparatus was portable. The aquatic colloid size was also characterized with high resolution by using sedimentation field-flow fractionation technique. The mass-based particle size distribution for the water sample showed a broad size distribution between 0.05 and 0.4 microm with the maximum around 0.14 microm. There was a systematic increase in the content of organic carbon (estimated by loss on ignition), Mg, Ca, Na, Cu and Zn with decreasing particle size, highlighting the importance of the colloidal (<1 microm) fraction. It was concluded that the colloidal Cu and Zn concentrations in rivers might be much higher than those reported before.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Ran
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wushan, People's Republic of China
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Abstract
Although there is a substantial literature looking at the relationship between deviant sexual fantasies and child sexual abuse, there is scant previous work that focuses upon the actual content of such fantasies. The present study looks at child sexual abusers' deviant fantasies both pre- and postintervention. Using both qualitative and quantitative methodologies, a description of the frequency and content of, and triggers for, child sexual abusers' deviant fantasies is reported both pre- and postintervention. The implications of this information for subsequent intervention programs is explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Swaffer
- School of Health and Social Sciences, Coventry University, UK
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Axer A, Beckett R. [Psychiatric rehabilitation in a secure treatment setting]. Psychiatr Pol 1999; 33:367-76. [PMID: 10786236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Working with severely mentally ill persons within the locked environment of a secure residential treatment facility presents a provocative challenge in attempting to establish a rehabilitative program. The author describes the mission, goals and methods of one of Oregon's newly organized facilities for "hard to place" former state hospital patients. The value of teaching the residents self-control is emphasized. Clinical vignettes illustrate how the staff involve the residents in real-life tasks, apply natural consequences to problem behaviors, and make attempts at minimizing the potential sources of confrontation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Axer
- Josephine County Mental Health Department, Grants Pass, Oregon, USA.
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Axer A, Beckett R. [Training in preventing assaultive behaviors for psychiatric professionals]. Psychiatr Pol 1998; 32:433-41. [PMID: 9816901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Dangerous behaviors in psychiatric institutions constitute major clinical and administrative problems. Staff competency in dealing with assaultive patients is an important factor in reducing institutional violence. One of the training programs for mental health staff working with dangerous patients is called Professional Assault Response Training (PART). PART is a product of several years of experience accumulated by the group of California authors in their efforts at designing a safe and effective approach in responding to various dangerous behaviors. PART principles guide staff in 1) de-escalating dangerous incidents through verbal crisis interventions; 2) avoiding or minimizing the risk of minor physical injury through evasion; 3) preventing serious bodily harm through the use of manual restraint. The importance of maintaining self-control by staff is reinforced throughout the entire course as a crucial professional skill. Other PART principles include identifying realistic treatment expectations for assaultive patients, proper physical mobility and emotional balance of staff, recognizing warning signals of impeding danger, using reasonable force to match response to the level of dangerousness. The PART training explores various theoretical explanations of violence (legal model, stress model, environmental model, communication model, developmental model, basic needs model and common-sense model). Verbal interventions which are a cornerstone of the PART approach are matching specific motives of threatening behavior--fear, frustration, manipulation and intimidation. Physical interventions taught in the course (evasion and manual restraint) include only techniques which can be used safely and which are not pain inducing. Finally, the PART training also assists staff in properly documenting assaultive incidents.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Axer
- Hugo Hills Secure Residential Treatment Facility, Grants Pass, Oregon, USA
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Norton PG, Dunn EV, Beckett R, Faulkner D. Long-term follow-up in the Peer Assessment Program for nonspecialist physicians in Ontario, Canada. Jt Comm J Qual Improv 1998; 24:334-41. [PMID: 9651795 DOI: 10.1016/s1070-3241(16)30385-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The College of Physicians and Surgeons of Ontario has assessed randomly selected physician office practices since 1972. Each assessment consists of a tour of the premises and a review of a random selection of 20 to 30 medical records to evaluate the system of record keeping and the content of the records and to thereby indicate the quality of the physician's examinations, history taking, diagnosis and management plan. About 12% of nonspecialist physicians who need help to improve their records and/or the care they provide are identified annually, and following an interview with peers and simple educational interventions, more than 75% are successful in improving. METHODS A follow-up was conducted to assess physician practices an average of six years after the first intervention. The reviewers were blinded as to whether the physician being reviewed had been reviewed previously. Each revisited physician was matched to three others undergoing their initial assessments in the same year. The matching variables were age, sex, school of graduation (Canadian versus other), rural versus urban practice location, and affiliation status with the College of Family Physicians of Canada. The assessed performance of the two groups was compared. RESULTS The performance of the revisit group was significantly better than that of the matched group (p = 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The assessment, interview, and educational interventions undertaken by the licensing authority produced an improvement in practice in the short term in the bottom 10%-15% of all physicians reviewed, which was sustained for more than six years.
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Affiliation(s)
- P G Norton
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto
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Abstract
In this paper the effect of particle shape on the entropy of nonspherical particles adjacent to a plane surface is considered. The subsequent influence on particle retention in field-flow fractionation (FFF) has been estimated. New retention equations for thin rod and disc shaped particles have been derived to cover this steric-entropic region of FFF. As particle size increases relative to the mean cloud thickness, the retention ratio for nonspherical particles is predicted to increase compared to small spherical particles of the same mass. This could result in a significant underestimation of the calculated equivalent spherical diameter (d) by FFF methods. The steric-entropic FFF equations could be used to calculate accurate d values if the large particle dimension is estimated independently (e.g., by microscopy). Alternatively, run conditions could be designed to minimize steric-entropic perturbations to the ideal retention equation.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Beckett
- Water Studies Centre, Department of Chemistry, Monash University, Caulfield East, Vic., 3145, Australia
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Abstract
We studied the medium- to long-term results of steroid injection into the carpal tunnel of women with the carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). Of 45 hands, only 11 had lasting relief of symptoms and 22 had no relief whatsoever. There was no correlation of the typical signs and symptoms of CTS with outcome. Other series have offered various predictive factors for the outcome of injection but we found little or no correlation between these factors and outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- L R Irwin
- Hand Unit, District General Hospital, Grimsby, UK
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Ross J, Boon PI, Sharma R, Beckett R. Variations in the fluorescence intensity of intact DAPI-stained bacteria and their implications for rapid bacterial quantification. Lett Appl Microbiol 1996; 22:283-7. [PMID: 8934787 DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-765x.1996.tb01162.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
As current techniques for the quantification of bacteria are laborious and often imprecise, instrumental approaches such as sedimentation field-flow fractionation (SdFFF) are attractive. In this technique, fluorogenic dyes specific for nucleic acids are used to identify bacterial cells. Bacterial biomass can be quantified directly with SdFFF if the specific fluorescence of bacterial cells is constant. The effect of different growth conditions on the specific fluorescence of one strain each of Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus mirabilis and Staphylococcus epidermidis stained with 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole was examined. Specific fluorescence varied over a 500-fold range, from 0.22 to 103 arbitrary fluorescence units per cell. Specific fluorescence was highest when cells were in log phase, and lowest when cells were in stationary phase. Specific fluorescence decreased when cells harvested in log phase were starved for 7 d in a carbon-free minimal medium, and increased rapidly (within 2 h) after cells were relieved from carbon limitation. Such variations in specific fluorescence must be considered when using gross fluorescence as a direct indicator of bacterial numbers in the SdFFF technique for quantifying bacterial biomass. Moreover, they have serious implications for the application of fluorescence techniques in other instrumental approaches for bacterial enumeration in environmental samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Ross
- Water Studies Centre, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
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Sharma RV, Edwards RT, Beckett R. Physical Characterization and Quantification of Bacteria by Sedimentation Field-Flow Fractionation. Appl Environ Microbiol 1993; 59:1864-75. [PMID: 16348964 PMCID: PMC182173 DOI: 10.1128/aem.59.6.1864-1875.1993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies in microbial ecology require accurate measures of cell number and biomass. Although epifluorescence microscopy is an accepted and dependable method for determining cell numbers, current methods of converting biovolume to biomass are error prone, tedious, and labor-intensive. This paper describes a technique with sedimentation field-flow fractionation to enumerate bacteria and determine their density, size, and mass. Using cultured cells of different shapes and sizes, we determined optimum values for separation run parameters and sample-handling procedures. The technique described can separate and detect 4′, 6-diamidino-2-phenylindole-stained cells and generate a fractogram from which cell numbers and their size or mass distribution can be calculated. A direct method for estimating bacterial biomass (dry organic matter content) which offers distinct advantages over present methods for calculating biomass has been developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- R V Sharma
- Water Studies Centre, Department of Chemistry, Monash University, 900 Dandenong Road, Caulfield East, Victoria, Australia 3145
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Tarrier N, Beckett R, Harwood S, Baker A, Yusupoff L, Ugarteburu I. A trial of two cognitive-behavioural methods of treating drug-resistant residual psychotic symptoms in schizophrenic patients: I. Outcome. Br J Psychiatry 1993; 162:524-32. [PMID: 8481745 DOI: 10.1192/bjp.162.4.524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 270] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Despite neuroleptic medication, many schizophrenic patients continue to experience residual positive psychotic symptoms. These residual symptoms cause distress and disability. We report a controlled trial of two cognitive-behavioural treatments to alleviate residual hallucinations and delusions. Forty-nine patients were recruited into the trial, of whom 27 entered the trial and completed post-treatment assessment, and 23 were reassessed at six-month follow-up. Patients were randomly allocated to either coping strategy enhancement (CSE) or problem solving (PS). Half the patients were allocated to a high-expectancy positive demand condition and half to a counter-demand condition to evaluate expectation of improvement. Patients receiving either cognitive-behavioural treatment showed significant reductions in psychotic symptoms compared with those in the waiting period, who showed no improvement. There was some evidence, although equivocal, that patients receiving CSE improved more than those receiving PS. There was no evidence that improvements generalised to negative symptoms or social functioning, nor was there evidence that expectancy of treatment benefit contributed to the treatment effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Tarrier
- Department of Clinical Psychology, School of Psychiatry and Behavioural Sciences, University Hospital of South Manchester, West Didsbury
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Tarrier N, Sharpe L, Beckett R, Harwood S, Baker A, Yusopoff L. A trial of two cognitive behavioural methods of treating drug-resistant residual psychotic symptoms in schizophrenic patients. II. Treatment-specific changes in coping and problem-solving skills. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 1993; 28:5-10. [PMID: 8096654 DOI: 10.1007/bf00797826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Changes in coping skills and problem-solving skills were examined in two groups of schizophrenic patients. The groups received either coping skills enhancement or problem-solving treatments to reduce their drug-resistant residual psychotic symptoms. The coping skills group showed significant increases both in the number of positive coping strategies used and in their efficacy, whereas the problem-solving group showed a decrease in these measures during treatment. Both groups showed significant improvements in problem-solving skills. Changes in coping but not problem solving were significantly related to decreases in psychotic symptoms during treatment. It was concluded that treatment involving the teaching of coping skills had a specific treatment effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Tarrier
- Department of Clinical Psychology, School of Psychiatry and Behavioural Sciences, University Hospital of South Manchester, Withington, UK
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Abstract
Jealousy is a common emotion which can be considered pathological in some circumstances. The term ‘morbid jealousy’ has been used to signify this abnormal or extreme condition. However, the literature on morbid jealousy is sparse and the empirical data fragmentary. The aims of this paper are to briefly review the concept, to define the dimensions of the disorder and to apply a cognitive-behavioural framework to it. Such a summary paper is timely, to draw together the different aspects of the problem and to provide a theoretical base from which to generate further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Tarrier
- Department of Psychology, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Williams PS, Kellner L, Beckett R, Giddings JC. Comparison of experimental and theoretical fractionating power for exponential field decay sedimentation field-flow fractionation. Analyst 1988; 113:1253-9. [PMID: 3232837 DOI: 10.1039/an9881301253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Hansen ME, Giddings JC, Schure MR, Beckett R. Corrections for secondary relaxation in exponentially programmed field-flow fractionation. Anal Chem 1988; 60:1434-42. [PMID: 3218754 DOI: 10.1021/ac00165a018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Beckett R, Jue Z, Giddings JC. Determination of molecular weight distributions of fulvic and humic acids using flow field-flow fractionation. Environ Sci Technol 1987; 21:289-295. [PMID: 22185108 DOI: 10.1021/es00157a010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
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Giddings JC, Williams PS, Beckett R. Fractionating power in programmed field-flow fractionation: exponential sedimentation field decay. Anal Chem 1987; 59:28-37. [PMID: 3826632 DOI: 10.1021/ac00128a007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Goldberg M, Beckett R, Yaghmayi M, Segal D. Varicella inclusion bodies in an odontogenic cyst. J Conn State Dent Assoc 1983; 57:122-4. [PMID: 6311880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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27
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Beckett R. Designing a new electrosurgical patient plate. NATNEWS 1983; 20:13-7. [PMID: 6555576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
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Abstract
Incidence of mating pairs in 40 worm infections in 5 week old female CBA mice increased up to day 30 post infection. By this time, and thereafter until the experiment ended on day 70, approximately 60% of the worm population occurred as mating pairs. Mating began during the ontogenetic migration of the worms. There was no difference between the percentage of worms mating in the more highly populated anterior sections of the small intestine as compared to the less densely populated more posterior sections. Significantly more female than male worms were recovered between days 8 and 20 post infection (P < 0.02 to 0.001) and there was a significant decline in overall recoveries during the experimental period (r = -0.77, P < 0.01). Low intensity infections, with 4 to 16 worms per mouse, demonstrated that a larger percentage of worms in the infection were mating at an earlier time post infection than in the 40 worm infections. Ontogenetic migration was reduced in low intensity infections because the initial distribution of worms was more restricted.
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Smith TD, Cookson DJ, Pilbrow JR, Beckett R. An electron spin resonance study of (N-2-Pyridylsalicylaldiminato)copper(II) nitrate. Aust J Chem 1975. [DOI: 10.1071/ch9751211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The magnetic susceptibility
of (N-2-pyridylsalicylaldiminato)copper(II) nitrate and chloride has been
measured at room temperature and 97 K. Contrary to results reported previously
we find no evidence for the presence of magnetic exchange interactions in these
compounds. Electron spin resonance spectral data on the
ethanol-dimethylformamide solutions of the chelates show that the chelates are
monomeric in the liquid phase but largely in dimeric form in frozen solution.
Computer simulation of the experimental e.s.r. spectra due to the dimeric form
has enabled a determination of the symmetry arrangement and structural
properties of the pair system to be made.
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Beckett R, Hoskins BF. Crystal and molecular structure of a trinuclear copper(II) complex: µ3-hydroxo-tri-µ-(pyridine-2-carbaldehyde oximato)-µ3-sulphato-tricopper(II)–16·3water. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1972. [DOI: 10.1039/dt9720000291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Beckett R, Heath G, Hoskins B, Kelly B, Martin R, Roos I, Weickhardt P. X-ray diffraction, magnetic, E.S.R., and Mossbauer studies on the low-spin complex tris(dithioacetylacetonato)iron(III). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1970. [DOI: 10.1016/0020-1650(70)80227-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Beckett R, Colton R, Hoskins BF, Martin RL, Vince DG. Magnetism and structure of a novel trinuclear cluster compound of divalent copper. Aust J Chem 1969. [DOI: 10.1071/ch9692527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The magnetic properties of
a series of salts of the type [Cu3L3OH]2+
(where HL is pyridine-2-aldehyde oxime and L is the deprotonated ligand) have
been examined. All of the compounds showed a magnetic moment of 1.00 B.M. per
copper atom over a wide temperature range which suggests that the cation
contains a trinuclear cluster of interacting copper atoms. The crystal structure of Cu3L3OH(SO4),xH2O
has been determined by single- crystal X-ray diffraction techniques and
confirms that the complex does indeed contain an unusual type of trinuclear
cluster of metal atoms. The three copper atoms form an equilateral triangle and
the sulphato group exhibits a highly novel ?tripod? bridging function to the Cu3
triangle. On the other side of the triangle, the hydroxyl group also bridges to
all the metal atoms. A qualitative molecular orbital analysis not only suggests
that the hydroxyl group is involved in four-centre bonding with the Cu3
triads, but also highlights its role in reducing the spin of the trimer so that
only a doublet ground state is populated between 80-300�K. However, the alternative
super-exchange mechanism cannot be ruled out by the magnetic and structural
data.
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Abstract
The thermal decomposition of hydrated
thorium oxalate was followed by determining weight loss, change in electrical
conductivity, and chemical composition of products. At temperatures below
200�C. the weight-loss curve indicated the existence of a tri- and a dihydrate
and possibly a pentahydrate of thorium oxalate as stages m the dehydration. At
higher temperatures dehydration was accompanied by loss of CO and CO2.
Almost all the (C2O4)=
decomposed sharply over a small temperature range near 300�C. Although some
carbonate was formed, it did not exceed a concentration of 0.076 mole per mole
of total thorium.
According to chemical analysis the residue
after heating at 350�C. was ThO2 with a trace of carbonate and
water. X-ray analysis, however, showed it to be a mixture of ThO2,
and a second substance whose identity is unknown.
In the electron microscope the hydrated
oxalate and the thoria produced from it were little different in appearance.
Both appeared as relic crystals which were square prisms about l μ across
and 0.2 μ thick, with a characteristic central aperture which exposed a
large area of surface.
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