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Calvo‐Polanco M, Ribeyre Z, Dauzat M, Reyt G, Hidalgo‐Shrestha C, Diehl P, Frenger M, Simonneau T, Muller B, Salt DE, Franke RB, Maurel C, Boursiac Y. Physiological roles of Casparian strips and suberin in the transport of water and solutes. New Phytol 2021; 232:2295-2307. [PMID: 34617285 PMCID: PMC9298204 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The formation of Casparian strips (CS) and the deposition of suberin at the endodermis of plant roots are thought to limit the apoplastic transport of water and ions. We investigated the specific role of each of these apoplastic barriers in the control of hydro-mineral transport by roots and the consequences on shoot growth. A collection of Arabidopsis thaliana mutants defective in suberin deposition and/or CS development was characterized under standard conditions using a hydroponic system and the Phenopsis platform. Mutants altered in suberin deposition had enhanced root hydraulic conductivity, indicating a restrictive role for this compound in water transport. In contrast, defective CS directly increased solute leakage and indirectly reduced root hydraulic conductivity. Defective CS also led to a reduction in rosette growth, which was partly dependent on the hydro-mineral status of the plant. Ectopic suberin was shown to partially compensate for defective CS phenotypes. Altogether, our work shows that the functionality of the root apoplastic diffusion barriers greatly influences the plant physiology, and that their integrity is tightly surveyed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Calvo‐Polanco
- BPMPUniv MontpellierCNRSINRAEInstitut Agro34060MontpellierFrance
- Excellence Unit AGRIENVIRONMENTCIALEUniversity of Salamanca37185SalamancaSpain
| | - Zoe Ribeyre
- LEPSEUniv MontpellierINRAEInstitut Agro34060MontpellierFrance
| | - Myriam Dauzat
- LEPSEUniv MontpellierINRAEInstitut Agro34060MontpellierFrance
| | - Guilhem Reyt
- Future Food Beacon of Excellence and the School of BiosciencesUniversity of NottinghamNottinghamLE12 5RDUK
| | | | - Patrick Diehl
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular BotanyUniversity of Bonn53115BonnGermany
| | - Marc Frenger
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular BotanyUniversity of Bonn53115BonnGermany
| | | | - Bertrand Muller
- LEPSEUniv MontpellierINRAEInstitut Agro34060MontpellierFrance
| | - David E. Salt
- Future Food Beacon of Excellence and the School of BiosciencesUniversity of NottinghamNottinghamLE12 5RDUK
| | - Rochus B. Franke
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular BotanyUniversity of Bonn53115BonnGermany
| | | | - Yann Boursiac
- BPMPUniv MontpellierCNRSINRAEInstitut Agro34060MontpellierFrance
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2
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Sato K, Uehara T, Holbein J, Sasaki-Sekimoto Y, Gan P, Bino T, Yamaguchi K, Ichihashi Y, Maki N, Shigenobu S, Ohta H, Franke RB, Siddique S, Grundler FMW, Suzuki T, Kadota Y, Shirasu K. Transcriptomic Analysis of Resistant and Susceptible Responses in a New Model Root-Knot Nematode Infection System Using Solanum torvum and Meloidogyne arenaria. Front Plant Sci 2021; 12:680151. [PMID: 34122492 PMCID: PMC8194700 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.680151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Root-knot nematodes (RKNs) are among the most devastating pests in agriculture. Solanum torvum Sw. (Turkey berry) has been used as a rootstock for eggplant (aubergine) cultivation because of its resistance to RKNs, including Meloidogyne incognita and M. arenaria. We previously found that a pathotype of M. arenaria, A2-J, is able to infect and propagate in S. torvum. In vitro infection assays showed that S. torvum induced the accumulation of brown pigments during avirulent pathotype A2-O infection, but not during virulent A2-J infection. This experimental system is advantageous because resistant and susceptible responses can be distinguished within a few days, and because a single plant genome can yield information about both resistant and susceptible responses. Comparative RNA-sequencing analysis of S. torvum inoculated with A2-J and A2-O at early stages of infection was used to parse the specific resistance and susceptible responses. Infection with A2-J did not induce statistically significant changes in gene expression within one day post-inoculation (DPI), but afterward, A2-J specifically induced the expression of chalcone synthase, spermidine synthase, and genes related to cell wall modification and transmembrane transport. Infection with A2-O rapidly induced the expression of genes encoding class III peroxidases, sesquiterpene synthases, and fatty acid desaturases at 1 DPI, followed by genes involved in defense, hormone signaling, and the biosynthesis of lignin at 3 DPI. Both isolates induced the expression of suberin biosynthetic genes, which may be triggered by wounding during nematode infection. Histochemical analysis revealed that A2-O, but not A2-J, induced lignin accumulation at the root tip, suggesting that physical reinforcement of cell walls with lignin is an important defense response against nematodes. The S. torvum-RKN system can provide a molecular basis for understanding plant-nematode interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Sato
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Taketo Uehara
- Central Region Agricultural Research Center, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Julia Holbein
- INRES – Molecular Phytomedicine, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Yuko Sasaki-Sekimoto
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Pamela Gan
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takahiro Bino
- NIBB Core Research Facilities, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Katsushi Yamaguchi
- NIBB Core Research Facilities, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Japan
| | | | - Noriko Maki
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Shuji Shigenobu
- NIBB Core Research Facilities, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ohta
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Rochus B. Franke
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Botany, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Shahid Siddique
- INRES – Molecular Phytomedicine, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Florian M. W. Grundler
- INRES – Molecular Phytomedicine, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Takamasa Suzuki
- Department of Biological Chemistry, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chubu University, Kasugai, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kadota
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Ken Shirasu
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
- Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Japan
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3
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Kim JI, Hidalgo-Shrestha C, Bonawitz ND, Franke RB, Chapple C. Spatio-temporal control of phenylpropanoid biosynthesis by inducible complementation of a cinnamate 4-hydroxylase mutant. J Exp Bot 2021; 72:3061-3073. [PMID: 33585900 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Cinnamate 4-hydroxylase (C4H) is a cytochrome P450-dependent monooxygenase that catalyzes the second step of the general phenylpropanoid pathway. Arabidopsis reduced epidermal fluorescence 3 (ref3) mutants, which carry hypomorphic mutations in C4H, exhibit global alterations in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis and have developmental abnormalities including dwarfing. Here we report the characterization of a conditional Arabidopsis C4H line (ref3-2pOpC4H), in which wild-type C4H is expressed in the ref3-2 background. Expression of C4H in plants with well-developed primary inflorescence stems resulted in restoration of fertility and the production of substantial amounts of lignin, revealing that the developmental window for lignification is remarkably plastic. Following induction of C4H expression in ref3-2pOpC4H, we observed rapid and significant reductions in the levels of numerous metabolites, including several benzoyl and cinnamoyl esters and amino acid conjugates. These atypical conjugates were quickly replaced with their sinapoylated equivalents, suggesting that phenolic esters are subjected to substantial amounts of turnover in wild-type plants. Furthermore, using localized application of dexamethasone to ref3-2pOpC4H, we show that phenylpropanoids are not transported appreciably from their site of synthesis. Finally, we identified a defective Casparian strip diffusion barrier in the ref3-2 mutant root endodermis, which is restored by induction of C4H expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Im Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
- The Center for Direct Catalytic Conversion of Biomass to Biofuels (C3Bio), Discovery Park, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | | | | | - Rochus B Franke
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Botany, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Clint Chapple
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
- The Center for Direct Catalytic Conversion of Biomass to Biofuels (C3Bio), Discovery Park, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
- Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
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4
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Andersen TG, Molina D, Kilian J, Franke RB, Ragni L, Geldner N. Tissue-Autonomous Phenylpropanoid Production Is Essential for Establishment of Root Barriers. Curr Biol 2021; 31:965-977.e5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2020.11.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Holbein J, Franke RB, Marhavý P, Fujita S, Górecka M, Sobczak M, Geldner N, Schreiber L, Grundler FMW, Siddique S. Root endodermal barrier system contributes to defence against plant-parasitic cyst and root-knot nematodes. Plant J 2019; 100:221-236. [PMID: 31322300 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Plant-parasitic nematodes (PPNs) cause tremendous yield losses worldwide in almost all economically important crops. The agriculturally most important PPNs belong to a small group of root-infecting sedentary endoparasites that includes cyst and root-knot nematodes. Both cyst and root-knot nematodes induce specialized long-term feeding structures in root vasculature from which they obtain their nutrients. A specialized cell layer in roots called the endodermis, which has cell walls reinforced with suberin deposits and a lignin-based Casparian strip (CS), protects the vascular cylinder against abiotic and biotic threats. To date, the role of the endodermis, and especially of suberin and the CS, during plant-nematode interactions was largely unknown. Here, we analyzed the role of suberin and CS during interaction between Arabidopsis plants and two sedentary root-parasitic nematode species, the cyst nematode Heterodera schachtii and the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita. We found that nematode infection damages the endodermis leading to the activation of suberin biosynthesis genes at nematode infection sites. Although feeding sites induced by both cyst and root-knot nematodes are surrounded by endodermis during early stages of infection, the endodermis is degraded during later stages of feeding site development, indicating periderm formation or ectopic suberization of adjacent tissue. Chemical suberin analysis showed a characteristic suberin composition resembling peridermal suberin in nematode-infected tissue. Notably, infection assays using Arabidopsis lines with CS defects and impaired compensatory suberization, revealed that the CS and suberization impact nematode infectivity and feeding site size. Taken together, our work establishes the role of the endodermal barrier system in defence against a soil-borne pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Holbein
- INRES - Molecular Phytomedicine, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University of Bonn, Karlrobert-Kreiten-Straße 13, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Rochus B Franke
- IZMB - Ecophysiology, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University of Bonn, Kirschallee 1, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Peter Marhavý
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Satoshi Fujita
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Mirosława Górecka
- Department of Botany, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Nowoursynowska 159, 02-787, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mirosław Sobczak
- Department of Botany, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Nowoursynowska 159, 02-787, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Niko Geldner
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lukas Schreiber
- IZMB - Ecophysiology, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University of Bonn, Kirschallee 1, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Florian M W Grundler
- INRES - Molecular Phytomedicine, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University of Bonn, Karlrobert-Kreiten-Straße 13, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Shahid Siddique
- INRES - Molecular Phytomedicine, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University of Bonn, Karlrobert-Kreiten-Straße 13, 53115, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA, 95616, USA
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Engelsdorf T, Will C, Hofmann J, Schmitt C, Merritt BB, Rieger L, Frenger MS, Marschall A, Franke RB, Pattathil S, Voll LM. Cell wall composition and penetration resistance against the fungal pathogen Colletotrichum higginsianum are affected by impaired starch turnover in Arabidopsis mutants. J Exp Bot 2017; 68:701-713. [PMID: 28204541 PMCID: PMC5441917 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erw434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Penetration resistance represents the first level of plant defense against phytopathogenic fungi. Here, we report that the starch-deficient Arabidopsis thaliana phosphoglucomutase (pgm) mutant has impaired penetration resistance against the hemibiotrophic fungus Colletotrichum higginsianum. We could not determine any changes in leaf cutin and epicuticular wax composition or indolic glucosinolate levels, but detected complex alterations in the cell wall monosaccharide composition of pgm. Notably, other mutants deficient in starch biosynthesis (adg1) or mobilization (sex1) had similarly affected cell wall composition and penetration resistance. Glycome profiling analysis showed that both overall cell wall polysaccharide extractability and relative extractability of specific pectin and xylan epitopes were affected in pgm, suggesting extensive structural changes in pgm cell walls. Screening of mutants with alterations in content or modification of specific cell wall monosaccharides indicated an important function of pectic polymers for penetration resistance and hyphal growth of C. higginsianum during the biotrophic interaction phase. While mutants with affected pectic rhamnogalacturonan-I (mur8) were hypersusceptible, penetration frequency and morphology of fungal hyphae were impaired on pmr5 pmr6 mutants with increased pectin levels. Our results reveal a strong impact of starch metabolism on cell wall composition and suggest a link between carbohydrate availability, cell wall pectin and penetration resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timo Engelsdorf
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Division of Biochemistry, Staudtstrasse 5, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Cornelia Will
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Division of Biochemistry, Staudtstrasse 5, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jörg Hofmann
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Division of Biochemistry, Staudtstrasse 5, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christine Schmitt
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Division of Biochemistry, Staudtstrasse 5, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Brian B Merritt
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, The University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Leonie Rieger
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Division of Biochemistry, Staudtstrasse 5, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Marc S Frenger
- Universität Bonn, Institute for Cellular and Molecular Botany, Department of Ecophysiology, Kirschallee 1, Bonn, Germany
| | - André Marschall
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Division of Biochemistry, Staudtstrasse 5, Erlangen, Germany
- Technische Hochschule Nürnberg Georg-Simon Ohm, Nürnberg, Germany
| | - Rochus B Franke
- Universität Bonn, Institute for Cellular and Molecular Botany, Department of Ecophysiology, Kirschallee 1, Bonn, Germany
| | - Sivakumar Pattathil
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, The University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Lars M Voll
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Division of Biochemistry, Staudtstrasse 5, Erlangen, Germany
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7
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Weidenbach D, Jansen M, Franke RB, Hensel G, Weissgerber W, Ulferts S, Jansen I, Schreiber L, Korzun V, Pontzen R, Kumlehn J, Pillen K, Schaffrath U. Evolutionary conserved function of barley and Arabidopsis 3-KETOACYL-CoA SYNTHASES in providing wax signals for germination of powdery mildew fungi. Plant Physiol 2014; 166:1621-33. [PMID: 25201879 PMCID: PMC4226380 DOI: 10.1104/pp.114.246348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2014] [Accepted: 09/01/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
For plant pathogenic fungi, such as powdery mildews, that survive only on a limited number of host plant species, it is a matter of vital importance that their spores sense that they landed on the right spot to initiate germination as quickly as possible. We investigated a barley (Hordeum vulgare) mutant with reduced epicuticular leaf waxes on which spores of adapted and nonadapted powdery mildew fungi showed reduced germination. The barley gene responsible for the mutant wax phenotype was cloned in a forward genetic screen and identified to encode a 3-KETOACYL-CoA SYNTHASE (HvKCS6), a protein participating in fatty acid elongation and required for synthesis of epicuticular waxes. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis revealed that the mutant has significantly fewer aliphatic wax constituents with a chain length above C-24. Complementation of the mutant restored wild-type wax and overcame germination penalty, indicating that wax constituents less present on the mutant are a crucial clue for spore germination. Investigation of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) transgenic plants with sense silencing of Arabidopsis REQUIRED FOR CUTICULAR WAX PRODUCTION1, the HvKCS6 ortholog, revealed the same germination phenotype against adapted and nonadapted powdery mildew fungi. Our findings hint to an evolutionary conserved mechanism for sensing of plant surfaces among distantly related powdery mildews that is based on KCS6-derived wax components. Perception of such a signal must have been evolved before the monocot-dicot split took place approximately 150 million years ago.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Weidenbach
- Department of Plant Physiology, Rheinisch-Westfaelische Technische Hochschule Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany (D.W., M.J., S.U., I.J., U.S.);Institute of Biosciences and Geosciences: Plant Sciences, Juelich Plant Phenotyping Centre, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Juelich, Germany (M.J.);Ecophysiology of Plants, Institute of Cellular and Molecular Botany, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany (R.B.F., L.S.);Plant Reproductive Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, 06466 Stadt Seeland/OT Gatersleben, Germany (G.H., J.K.);Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Chair of Plant Breeding, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle/Saale, Germany (W.W., K.P.); Cereals Biotechnology,KWS LOCHOW GMBH, 37574 Einbeck, Germany (V.K.); andFormulation Technology, Bayer CropScience AG, 40789 Manheim, Germany (R.P.)
| | - Marcus Jansen
- Department of Plant Physiology, Rheinisch-Westfaelische Technische Hochschule Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany (D.W., M.J., S.U., I.J., U.S.);Institute of Biosciences and Geosciences: Plant Sciences, Juelich Plant Phenotyping Centre, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Juelich, Germany (M.J.);Ecophysiology of Plants, Institute of Cellular and Molecular Botany, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany (R.B.F., L.S.);Plant Reproductive Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, 06466 Stadt Seeland/OT Gatersleben, Germany (G.H., J.K.);Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Chair of Plant Breeding, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle/Saale, Germany (W.W., K.P.); Cereals Biotechnology,KWS LOCHOW GMBH, 37574 Einbeck, Germany (V.K.); andFormulation Technology, Bayer CropScience AG, 40789 Manheim, Germany (R.P.)
| | - Rochus B Franke
- Department of Plant Physiology, Rheinisch-Westfaelische Technische Hochschule Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany (D.W., M.J., S.U., I.J., U.S.);Institute of Biosciences and Geosciences: Plant Sciences, Juelich Plant Phenotyping Centre, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Juelich, Germany (M.J.);Ecophysiology of Plants, Institute of Cellular and Molecular Botany, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany (R.B.F., L.S.);Plant Reproductive Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, 06466 Stadt Seeland/OT Gatersleben, Germany (G.H., J.K.);Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Chair of Plant Breeding, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle/Saale, Germany (W.W., K.P.); Cereals Biotechnology,KWS LOCHOW GMBH, 37574 Einbeck, Germany (V.K.); andFormulation Technology, Bayer CropScience AG, 40789 Manheim, Germany (R.P.)
| | - Goetz Hensel
- Department of Plant Physiology, Rheinisch-Westfaelische Technische Hochschule Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany (D.W., M.J., S.U., I.J., U.S.);Institute of Biosciences and Geosciences: Plant Sciences, Juelich Plant Phenotyping Centre, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Juelich, Germany (M.J.);Ecophysiology of Plants, Institute of Cellular and Molecular Botany, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany (R.B.F., L.S.);Plant Reproductive Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, 06466 Stadt Seeland/OT Gatersleben, Germany (G.H., J.K.);Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Chair of Plant Breeding, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle/Saale, Germany (W.W., K.P.); Cereals Biotechnology,KWS LOCHOW GMBH, 37574 Einbeck, Germany (V.K.); andFormulation Technology, Bayer CropScience AG, 40789 Manheim, Germany (R.P.)
| | - Wiebke Weissgerber
- Department of Plant Physiology, Rheinisch-Westfaelische Technische Hochschule Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany (D.W., M.J., S.U., I.J., U.S.);Institute of Biosciences and Geosciences: Plant Sciences, Juelich Plant Phenotyping Centre, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Juelich, Germany (M.J.);Ecophysiology of Plants, Institute of Cellular and Molecular Botany, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany (R.B.F., L.S.);Plant Reproductive Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, 06466 Stadt Seeland/OT Gatersleben, Germany (G.H., J.K.);Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Chair of Plant Breeding, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle/Saale, Germany (W.W., K.P.); Cereals Biotechnology,KWS LOCHOW GMBH, 37574 Einbeck, Germany (V.K.); andFormulation Technology, Bayer CropScience AG, 40789 Manheim, Germany (R.P.)
| | - Sylvia Ulferts
- Department of Plant Physiology, Rheinisch-Westfaelische Technische Hochschule Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany (D.W., M.J., S.U., I.J., U.S.);Institute of Biosciences and Geosciences: Plant Sciences, Juelich Plant Phenotyping Centre, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Juelich, Germany (M.J.);Ecophysiology of Plants, Institute of Cellular and Molecular Botany, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany (R.B.F., L.S.);Plant Reproductive Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, 06466 Stadt Seeland/OT Gatersleben, Germany (G.H., J.K.);Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Chair of Plant Breeding, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle/Saale, Germany (W.W., K.P.); Cereals Biotechnology,KWS LOCHOW GMBH, 37574 Einbeck, Germany (V.K.); andFormulation Technology, Bayer CropScience AG, 40789 Manheim, Germany (R.P.)
| | - Irina Jansen
- Department of Plant Physiology, Rheinisch-Westfaelische Technische Hochschule Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany (D.W., M.J., S.U., I.J., U.S.);Institute of Biosciences and Geosciences: Plant Sciences, Juelich Plant Phenotyping Centre, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Juelich, Germany (M.J.);Ecophysiology of Plants, Institute of Cellular and Molecular Botany, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany (R.B.F., L.S.);Plant Reproductive Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, 06466 Stadt Seeland/OT Gatersleben, Germany (G.H., J.K.);Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Chair of Plant Breeding, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle/Saale, Germany (W.W., K.P.); Cereals Biotechnology,KWS LOCHOW GMBH, 37574 Einbeck, Germany (V.K.); andFormulation Technology, Bayer CropScience AG, 40789 Manheim, Germany (R.P.)
| | - Lukas Schreiber
- Department of Plant Physiology, Rheinisch-Westfaelische Technische Hochschule Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany (D.W., M.J., S.U., I.J., U.S.);Institute of Biosciences and Geosciences: Plant Sciences, Juelich Plant Phenotyping Centre, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Juelich, Germany (M.J.);Ecophysiology of Plants, Institute of Cellular and Molecular Botany, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany (R.B.F., L.S.);Plant Reproductive Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, 06466 Stadt Seeland/OT Gatersleben, Germany (G.H., J.K.);Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Chair of Plant Breeding, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle/Saale, Germany (W.W., K.P.); Cereals Biotechnology,KWS LOCHOW GMBH, 37574 Einbeck, Germany (V.K.); andFormulation Technology, Bayer CropScience AG, 40789 Manheim, Germany (R.P.)
| | - Viktor Korzun
- Department of Plant Physiology, Rheinisch-Westfaelische Technische Hochschule Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany (D.W., M.J., S.U., I.J., U.S.);Institute of Biosciences and Geosciences: Plant Sciences, Juelich Plant Phenotyping Centre, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Juelich, Germany (M.J.);Ecophysiology of Plants, Institute of Cellular and Molecular Botany, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany (R.B.F., L.S.);Plant Reproductive Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, 06466 Stadt Seeland/OT Gatersleben, Germany (G.H., J.K.);Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Chair of Plant Breeding, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle/Saale, Germany (W.W., K.P.); Cereals Biotechnology,KWS LOCHOW GMBH, 37574 Einbeck, Germany (V.K.); andFormulation Technology, Bayer CropScience AG, 40789 Manheim, Germany (R.P.)
| | - Rolf Pontzen
- Department of Plant Physiology, Rheinisch-Westfaelische Technische Hochschule Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany (D.W., M.J., S.U., I.J., U.S.);Institute of Biosciences and Geosciences: Plant Sciences, Juelich Plant Phenotyping Centre, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Juelich, Germany (M.J.);Ecophysiology of Plants, Institute of Cellular and Molecular Botany, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany (R.B.F., L.S.);Plant Reproductive Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, 06466 Stadt Seeland/OT Gatersleben, Germany (G.H., J.K.);Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Chair of Plant Breeding, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle/Saale, Germany (W.W., K.P.); Cereals Biotechnology,KWS LOCHOW GMBH, 37574 Einbeck, Germany (V.K.); andFormulation Technology, Bayer CropScience AG, 40789 Manheim, Germany (R.P.)
| | - Jochen Kumlehn
- Department of Plant Physiology, Rheinisch-Westfaelische Technische Hochschule Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany (D.W., M.J., S.U., I.J., U.S.);Institute of Biosciences and Geosciences: Plant Sciences, Juelich Plant Phenotyping Centre, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Juelich, Germany (M.J.);Ecophysiology of Plants, Institute of Cellular and Molecular Botany, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany (R.B.F., L.S.);Plant Reproductive Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, 06466 Stadt Seeland/OT Gatersleben, Germany (G.H., J.K.);Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Chair of Plant Breeding, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle/Saale, Germany (W.W., K.P.); Cereals Biotechnology,KWS LOCHOW GMBH, 37574 Einbeck, Germany (V.K.); andFormulation Technology, Bayer CropScience AG, 40789 Manheim, Germany (R.P.)
| | - Klaus Pillen
- Department of Plant Physiology, Rheinisch-Westfaelische Technische Hochschule Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany (D.W., M.J., S.U., I.J., U.S.);Institute of Biosciences and Geosciences: Plant Sciences, Juelich Plant Phenotyping Centre, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Juelich, Germany (M.J.);Ecophysiology of Plants, Institute of Cellular and Molecular Botany, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany (R.B.F., L.S.);Plant Reproductive Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, 06466 Stadt Seeland/OT Gatersleben, Germany (G.H., J.K.);Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Chair of Plant Breeding, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle/Saale, Germany (W.W., K.P.); Cereals Biotechnology,KWS LOCHOW GMBH, 37574 Einbeck, Germany (V.K.); andFormulation Technology, Bayer CropScience AG, 40789 Manheim, Germany (R.P.)
| | - Ulrich Schaffrath
- Department of Plant Physiology, Rheinisch-Westfaelische Technische Hochschule Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany (D.W., M.J., S.U., I.J., U.S.);Institute of Biosciences and Geosciences: Plant Sciences, Juelich Plant Phenotyping Centre, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Juelich, Germany (M.J.);Ecophysiology of Plants, Institute of Cellular and Molecular Botany, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany (R.B.F., L.S.);Plant Reproductive Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, 06466 Stadt Seeland/OT Gatersleben, Germany (G.H., J.K.);Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Chair of Plant Breeding, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle/Saale, Germany (W.W., K.P.); Cereals Biotechnology,KWS LOCHOW GMBH, 37574 Einbeck, Germany (V.K.); andFormulation Technology, Bayer CropScience AG, 40789 Manheim, Germany (R.P.)
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8
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Shiono K, Ando M, Nishiuchi S, Takahashi H, Watanabe K, Nakamura M, Matsuo Y, Yasuno N, Yamanouchi U, Fujimoto M, Takanashi H, Ranathunge K, Franke RB, Shitan N, Nishizawa NK, Takamure I, Yano M, Tsutsumi N, Schreiber L, Yazaki K, Nakazono M, Kato K. RCN1/OsABCG5, an ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter, is required for hypodermal suberization of roots in rice (Oryza sativa). Plant J 2014; 80:40-51. [PMID: 25041515 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.12614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2014] [Revised: 06/09/2014] [Accepted: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Suberin is a complex polymer composed of aliphatic and phenolic compounds. It is a constituent of apoplastic plant interfaces. In many plant species, including rice (Oryza sativa), the hypodermis in the outer part of roots forms a suberized cell wall (the Casparian strip and/or suberin lamellae), which inhibits the flow of water and ions and protects against pathogens. To date, there is no genetic evidence that suberin forms an apoplastic transport barrier in the hypodermis. We discovered that a rice reduced culm number1 (rcn1) mutant could not develop roots longer than 100 mm in waterlogged soil. The mutated gene encoded an ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter named RCN1/OsABCG5. RCN1/OsABCG5 gene expression in the wild type was increased in most hypodermal and some endodermal roots cells under stagnant deoxygenated conditions. A GFP-RCN1/OsABCG5 fusion protein localized at the plasma membrane of the wild type. Under stagnant deoxygenated conditions, well suberized hypodermis developed in wild types but not in rcn1 mutants. Under stagnant deoxygenated conditions, apoplastic tracers (periodic acid and berberine) were blocked at the hypodermis in the wild type but not in rcn1, indicating that the apoplastic barrier in the mutant was impaired. The amount of the major aliphatic suberin monomers originating from C(28) and C(30) fatty acids or ω-OH fatty acids was much lower in rcn1 than in the wild type. These findings suggest that RCN1/OsABCG5 has a role in the suberization of the hypodermis of rice roots, which contributes to formation of the apoplastic barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuhiro Shiono
- Department of Bioscience, Fukui Prefectural University, 4-1-1 Matsuoka-Kenjyojima, Eiheiji, Fukui, 910-1195, Japan
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9
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Li-Beisson Y, Shorrosh B, Beisson F, Andersson MX, Arondel V, Bates PD, Baud S, Bird D, DeBono A, Durrett TP, Franke RB, Graham IA, Katayama K, Kelly AA, Larson T, Markham JE, Miquel M, Molina I, Nishida I, Rowland O, Samuels L, Schmid KM, Wada H, Welti R, Xu C, Zallot R, Ohlrogge J. Acyl-lipid metabolism. Arabidopsis Book 2013; 11:e0161. [PMID: 23505340 PMCID: PMC3563272 DOI: 10.1199/tab.0161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 677] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Acyl lipids in Arabidopsis and all other plants have a myriad of diverse functions. These include providing the core diffusion barrier of the membranes that separates cells and subcellular organelles. This function alone involves more than 10 membrane lipid classes, including the phospholipids, galactolipids, and sphingolipids, and within each class the variations in acyl chain composition expand the number of structures to several hundred possible molecular species. Acyl lipids in the form of triacylglycerol account for 35% of the weight of Arabidopsis seeds and represent their major form of carbon and energy storage. A layer of cutin and cuticular waxes that restricts the loss of water and provides protection from invasions by pathogens and other stresses covers the entire aerial surface of Arabidopsis. Similar functions are provided by suberin and its associated waxes that are localized in roots, seed coats, and abscission zones and are produced in response to wounding. This chapter focuses on the metabolic pathways that are associated with the biosynthesis and degradation of the acyl lipids mentioned above. These pathways, enzymes, and genes are also presented in detail in an associated website (ARALIP: http://aralip.plantbiology.msu.edu/). Protocols and methods used for analysis of Arabidopsis lipids are provided. Finally, a detailed summary of the composition of Arabidopsis lipids is provided in three figures and 15 tables.
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10
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Li-Beisson Y, Shorrosh B, Beisson F, Andersson MX, Arondel V, Bates PD, Baud S, Bird D, Debono A, Durrett TP, Franke RB, Graham IA, Katayama K, Kelly AA, Larson T, Markham JE, Miquel M, Molina I, Nishida I, Rowland O, Samuels L, Schmid KM, Wada H, Welti R, Xu C, Zallot R, Ohlrogge J. Acyl-lipid metabolism. Arabidopsis Book 2013. [PMID: 23505340 DOI: 10.1199/tab.0161m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Acyl lipids in Arabidopsis and all other plants have a myriad of diverse functions. These include providing the core diffusion barrier of the membranes that separates cells and subcellular organelles. This function alone involves more than 10 membrane lipid classes, including the phospholipids, galactolipids, and sphingolipids, and within each class the variations in acyl chain composition expand the number of structures to several hundred possible molecular species. Acyl lipids in the form of triacylglycerol account for 35% of the weight of Arabidopsis seeds and represent their major form of carbon and energy storage. A layer of cutin and cuticular waxes that restricts the loss of water and provides protection from invasions by pathogens and other stresses covers the entire aerial surface of Arabidopsis. Similar functions are provided by suberin and its associated waxes that are localized in roots, seed coats, and abscission zones and are produced in response to wounding. This chapter focuses on the metabolic pathways that are associated with the biosynthesis and degradation of the acyl lipids mentioned above. These pathways, enzymes, and genes are also presented in detail in an associated website (ARALIP: http://aralip.plantbiology.msu.edu/). Protocols and methods used for analysis of Arabidopsis lipids are provided. Finally, a detailed summary of the composition of Arabidopsis lipids is provided in three figures and 15 tables.
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11
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Shi JX, Malitsky S, De Oliveira S, Branigan C, Franke RB, Schreiber L, Aharoni A. SHINE transcription factors act redundantly to pattern the archetypal surface of Arabidopsis flower organs. PLoS Genet 2011; 7:e1001388. [PMID: 21637781 PMCID: PMC3102738 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1001388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2010] [Accepted: 04/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Floral organs display tremendous variation in their exterior that is essential for organogenesis and the interaction with the environment. This diversity in surface characteristics is largely dependent on the composition and structure of their coating cuticular layer. To date, mechanisms of flower organ initiation and identity have been studied extensively, while little is known regarding the regulation of flower organs surface formation, cuticle composition, and its developmental significance. Using a synthetic microRNA approach to simultaneously silence the three SHINE (SHN) clade members, we revealed that these transcription factors act redundantly to shape the surface and morphology of Arabidopsis flowers. It appears that SHNs regulate floral organs' epidermal cell elongation and decoration with nanoridges, particularly in petals. Reduced activity of SHN transcription factors results in floral organs' fusion and earlier abscission that is accompanied by a decrease in cutin load and modified cell wall properties. SHN transcription factors possess target genes within four cutin- and suberin-associated protein families including, CYP86A cytochrome P450s, fatty acyl-CoA reductases, GSDL-motif lipases, and BODYGUARD1-like proteins. The results suggest that alongside controlling cuticular lipids metabolism, SHNs act to modify the epidermis cell wall through altering pectin metabolism and structural proteins. We also provide evidence that surface formation in petals and other floral organs during their growth and elongation or in abscission and dehiscence through SHNs is partially mediated by gibberellin and the DELLA signaling cascade. This study therefore demonstrates the need for a defined composition and structure of the cuticle and cell wall in order to form the archetypal features of floral organs surfaces and control their cell-to-cell separation processes. Furthermore, it will promote future investigation into the relation between the regulation of organ surface patterning and the broader control of flower development and biological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Xin Shi
- Department of Plant Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Sergey Malitsky
- Department of Plant Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | | | | | | | - Lukas Schreiber
- Department of Ecophysiology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Asaph Aharoni
- Department of Plant Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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Li-Beisson Y, Shorrosh B, Beisson F, Andersson MX, Arondel V, Bates PD, Baud S, Bird D, DeBono A, Durrett TP, Franke RB, Graham IA, Katayama K, Kelly AA, Larson T, Markham JE, Miquel M, Molina I, Nishida I, Rowland O, Samuels L, Schmid KM, Wada H, Welti R, Xu C, Zallot R, Ohlrogge J. Acyl-lipid metabolism. Arabidopsis Book 2010; 8:e0133. [PMID: 22303259 PMCID: PMC3244904 DOI: 10.1199/tab.0133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 232] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Acyl lipids in Arabidopsis and all other plants have a myriad of diverse functions. These include providing the core diffusion barrier of the membranes that separates cells and subcellular organelles. This function alone involves more than 10 membrane lipid classes, including the phospholipids, galactolipids, and sphingolipids, and within each class the variations in acyl chain composition expand the number of structures to several hundred possible molecular species. Acyl lipids in the form of triacylglycerol account for 35% of the weight of Arabidopsis seeds and represent their major form of carbon and energy storage. A layer of cutin and cuticular waxes that restricts the loss of water and provides protection from invasions by pathogens and other stresses covers the entire aerial surface of Arabidopsis. Similar functions are provided by suberin and its associated waxes that are localized in roots, seed coats, and abscission zones and are produced in response to wounding. This chapter focuses on the metabolic pathways that are associated with the biosynthesis and degradation of the acyl lipids mentioned above. These pathways, enzymes, and genes are also presented in detail in an associated website (ARALIP: http://aralip.plantbiology.msu.edu/). Protocols and methods used for analysis of Arabidopsis lipids are provided. Finally, a detailed summary of the composition of Arabidopsis lipids is provided in three figures and 15 tables.
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Baxter I, Hosmani PS, Rus A, Lahner B, Borevitz JO, Muthukumar B, Mickelbart MV, Schreiber L, Franke RB, Salt DE. Root suberin forms an extracellular barrier that affects water relations and mineral nutrition in Arabidopsis. PLoS Genet 2009; 5:e1000492. [PMID: 19461889 PMCID: PMC2679201 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1000492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2009] [Accepted: 04/23/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Though central to our understanding of how roots perform their vital function of scavenging water and solutes from the soil, no direct genetic evidence currently exists to support the foundational model that suberin acts to form a chemical barrier limiting the extracellular, or apoplastic, transport of water and solutes in plant roots. Using the newly characterized enhanced suberin1 (esb1) mutant, we established a connection in Arabidopsis thaliana between suberin in the root and both water movement through the plant and solute accumulation in the shoot. Esb1 mutants, characterized by increased root suberin, were found to have reduced day time transpiration rates and increased water-use efficiency during their vegetative growth period. Furthermore, these changes in suberin and water transport were associated with decreases in the accumulation of Ca, Mn, and Zn and increases in the accumulation of Na, S, K, As, Se, and Mo in the shoot. Here, we present direct genetic evidence establishing that suberin in the roots plays a critical role in controlling both water and mineral ion uptake and transport to the leaves. The changes observed in the elemental accumulation in leaves are also interpreted as evidence that a significant component of the radial root transport of Ca, Mn, and Zn occurs in the apoplast. The root system is a highly specialized plant organ that works to get both water and essential mineral nutrients from the changing chemically and physically complex environment of the soil. Roots do this by both controlling the uptake of water and essential mineral ions, as well as regulating their movement to the central vascular system of the plant for long distance transport to the shoot. To allow the cellular control of water and mineral ion uptake and transport via specialized transport proteins, plant roots contain a waxy layer of suberin that acts to seal connections between cells, preventing uncontrolled leakage of water and mineral ions between cells. By screening thousands of mutant A. thaliana plants, we were able to identify a plant with elevated levels of suberin in the root. Using this mutant, we were able to uncover the importance of suberin in sealing connections between root cells to regulate water movement through the plant and accumulation of various essential and nonessential minerals in leaves, including sodium, sulfur, potassium, calcium, manganese, zinc, arsenic, selenium, and molybdenum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Baxter
- Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Prashant S. Hosmani
- Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Ana Rus
- Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Brett Lahner
- Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Justin O. Borevitz
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Balasubramaniam Muthukumar
- Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Michael V. Mickelbart
- Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Lukas Schreiber
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Botany, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Rochus B. Franke
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Botany, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - David E. Salt
- Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America
- Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Panikashvili D, Savaldi-Goldstein S, Mandel T, Yifhar T, Franke RB, Höfer R, Schreiber L, Chory J, Aharoni A. The Arabidopsis DESPERADO/AtWBC11 transporter is required for cutin and wax secretion. Plant Physiol 2007; 145:1345-60. [PMID: 17951461 PMCID: PMC2151707 DOI: 10.1104/pp.107.105676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2007] [Accepted: 10/11/2007] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The cuticle fulfills multiple roles in the plant life cycle, including protection from environmental stresses and the regulation of organ fusion. It is largely composed of cutin, which consists of C(16-18) fatty acids. While cutin composition and biosynthesis have been studied, the export of cutin monomers out of the epidermis has remained elusive. Here, we show that DESPERADO (AtWBC11) (abbreviated DSO), encoding a plasma membrane-localized ATP-binding cassette transporter, is required for cutin transport to the extracellular matrix. The dso mutant exhibits an array of surface defects suggesting an abnormally functioning cuticle. This was accompanied by dramatic alterations in the levels of cutin monomers. Moreover, electron microscopy revealed unusual lipidic cytoplasmatic inclusions in epidermal cells, disappearance of the cuticle in postgenital fusion areas, and altered morphology of trichomes and pavement cells. We also found that DSO is induced by salt, abscisic acid, and wounding stresses and its loss of function results in plants that are highly susceptible to salt and display reduced root branching. Thus, DSO is not only essential for developmental plasticity but also plays a vital role in stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Panikashvili
- Department of Plant Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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