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Boscolo D, Nobrega Rodrigues B, Ferreira PA, Lopes LE, Tonetti VR, Reis Dos Santos IC, Hiruma-Lima JA, Nery L, Baptista de Lima K, Perozi J, Freitas AVL, Viana BF, Antunes-Carvalho C, Amorim DDS, Freitas de Oliveira F, Groppo M, Absy ML, de Almeida-Scabbia RJ, Alves-Araújo A, de Amorim FW, Antiqueira PAP, Antonini Y, Aoki C, Dos Santos Aragão D, Balbino TCT, da Silva Ferreira Bandeira M, Barbosa BC, de Vasconcellos Barbosa MR, Baronio GJ, Barros LO, Beal-Neves M, Bertollo VM, de Melo Bezerra AD, Buzatto CR, Carneiro LT, Caron E, Carpim CS, Carvalho ES, Carvalho TL, Carvalho-Leite LJ, Cascaes MF, de Castro FS, Cavalleri A, Cazetta E, Cerezini MT, Coelho LFM, Colares R, Cordeiro GD, Cordeiro J, da Silva Corrêa AM, da Costa FV, Covre C, Cruz RDM, Cruz-Neto O, Correia-da-Rocha-Filho L, Delabie JHC, da Costa Dórea M, do-Nascimento VT, Alves Dos-Santos JM, Duarte M, Duarte MC, Duarte OMP, Dutilh JHA, Emerick BP, Fabiano GDS, Farache FHA, de Faria APG, Fernandes GW, Maria Abreu Ferreira P, Ferreira-Caliman MJ, Ferreira LMN, Filgueira de Sá TF, Franceschinelli EV, Franco-Assis GA, Fregolente Faracco Mazziero F, Freitas BM, Freitas J, Galastri NA, Galetto L, Garcia CT, Amela García MT, Garcia NL, Garófalo CA, Gélvez-Zúñiga I, Goldas CDS, Guerra TJ, Guerra TM, Harter-Marques B, Hipólito J, Kamke R, Klein RP, Koch EBDA, Landgref-Filho P, Laroca S, Leandro CM, Lima R, de Lima TRA, Lima-Verde LW, de Lírio EJ, Lopes AV, Luizi-Ponzo AP, Machado ICS, Machado T, Magalhães FS, Mahlmann T, Mariano CDSF, Marques TED, Martello F, Martins CF, Martins MN, Martins R, Mascarenhas ALS, de Assis Mendes G, Mendonça MDS, Menini Neto L, Milward-de-Azevedo MA, Miranda AO, Montoya-Pfeiffer PM, Moraes AM, Moraes BB, Moreira EF, Morini MS, Moure-Oliveira D, De Nadai LF, Nagatani VH, Nervo MH, de Siqueira Neves F, de Novais JS, Araújo-Oliveira ÉS, de Oliveira JHF, Pacheco-Filho AJDS, Palmieri L, Pareja M, Passarella MDA, Passos NDM, Paulino-Neto HF, Luna Peixoto A, Pereira LC, Pereira RAS, Pereira-Silva B, Pincheira-Ulbrich J, Pinheiro M, Piratelli AJ, Podgaiski LR, Polizello DS, Prado LPD, Prezoto F, Quadros FRD, Queiroz EP, Glebya Maciel Quirino Z, Rabello AM, Rabeschini GBP, Ramalho MMM, Ramos FN, Rattis L, Rezende LHGD, Ribeiro C, Robe LJ, Rocha EMDSR, Rodrigues RR, Romero GQ, Roque N, Sabino WDO, Sano PT, Reis PDSS, Dos Santos FS, Alves Dos Santos I, Dos Santos FDAR, Silva Dos Santos I, Sartorello R, Schmitz HJ, Sigrist MR, Silva Junior JC, Silva ACGE, da Silva CVC, Alves Vieira Silva BS, Silva BLDF, Silva CI, da Silva FO, Silva JLSE, Silva NS, da Silva OGM, Silva Neto CDME, Silva Neto ER, Silveira D, Silveira MS, Singer RB, Soares LASS, Locatelli de Souza EM, de Souza JMT, Steiner J, Teixeira-Gamarra MC, Trentin BA, Varassin IG, Vila-Verde G, Yoshikawa VN, Zanin EM, Galetti M, Ribeiro MC. Atlantic flower-invertebrate interactions: A data set of occurrence and frequency of floral visits. Ecology 2023; 104:e3900. [PMID: 36315032 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.3900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Encounters between flowers and invertebrates are key events for the functioning of tropical forests. Assessing the structure of networks composed of the interactions between those partners leads to a better understanding of ecosystem functioning and the effects of environmental factors on ecological processes. Gathering such data is, however, costly and time-consuming, especially in the highly diverse tropics. We aimed to provide a comprehensive repository of available flower-invertebrate interaction information for the Atlantic Forest, a South American tropical forest domain. Data were obtained from published works and "gray literature," such as theses and dissertations, as well as self-reports by co-authors. The data set has ~18,000 interaction records forming 482 networks, each containing between one and 1061 interaction links. Each network was sampled for about 200 h or less, with few exceptions. A total of 641 plant genera within 136 different families and 39 orders were reported, with the most abundant and rich families being Asteraceae, Fabaceae, and Rubiaceae. Invertebrates interacting with these plants were all arthropods from 10 orders, 129 families, and 581 genera, comprising 2419 morphotypes (including 988 named species). Hymenoptera was the most abundant and diverse order, with at least six times more records than the second-ranked order (Lepidoptera). The complete data set shows Hymenoptera interacting with all plant orders and also shows Diptera, Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, and Hemiptera to be important nodes. Among plants, Asterales and Fabales had the highest number of interactions. The best sampled environment was forest (~8000 records), followed by pastures and crops. Savanna, grasslands, and urban environments (among others) were also reported, indicating a wide range of approaches dedicated to collecting flower-invertebrate interaction data in the Atlantic Forest domain. Nevertheless, most reported data were from forest understory or lower strata, indicating a knowledge gap about flower-invertebrate interactions at the canopy. Also, access to remote regions remains a limitation, generating sampling bias across the geographical range of the Atlantic Forest. Future studies in these continuous and hard-to-access forested areas will yield important new information regarding the interactions between flowers and invertebrates in the Atlantic Forest. There are no copyright restrictions on the data set. Please cite this data paper if the data are used in publications and teaching events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo Boscolo
- Universidade de São Paulo - USP, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,National Institute of Science and Technology in Interdisciplinary and Transdisciplinary Studies in Ecology and Evolution (IN-TREE), Salvador, Brazil
| | - Bárbara Nobrega Rodrigues
- Universidade de São Paulo - USP, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,National Institute of Science and Technology in Interdisciplinary and Transdisciplinary Studies in Ecology and Evolution (IN-TREE), Salvador, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Alves Ferreira
- National Institute of Science and Technology in Interdisciplinary and Transdisciplinary Studies in Ecology and Evolution (IN-TREE), Salvador, Brazil.,Universidade Federal de São Carlos - UFSCAR, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Luciano Elsinor Lopes
- National Institute of Science and Technology in Interdisciplinary and Transdisciplinary Studies in Ecology and Evolution (IN-TREE), Salvador, Brazil.,Universidade Federal de São Carlos - UFSCAR, São Carlos, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Laura Nery
- Universidade de São Paulo - USP, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Blandina Felipe Viana
- National Institute of Science and Technology in Interdisciplinary and Transdisciplinary Studies in Ecology and Evolution (IN-TREE), Salvador, Brazil.,Universidade Federal da Bahia - UFBA, Salvador, Brazil
| | | | | | - Favízia Freitas de Oliveira
- National Institute of Science and Technology in Interdisciplinary and Transdisciplinary Studies in Ecology and Evolution (IN-TREE), Salvador, Brazil.,Universidade Federal da Bahia - UFBA, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Milton Groppo
- Universidade de São Paulo - USP, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Maria Lúcia Absy
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Manaus, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Camila Aoki
- Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul - UFMS, Campo Grande, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Mariana Beal-Neves
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul - PUCRS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Liedson Tavares Carneiro
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco - UFPE, Recife, Brazil.,Universidade Federal de Alfenas UNIFAL-MG, Alfenas, Brazil
| | - Edilson Caron
- Universidade Federal do Paraná - UFPR, Palotina, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Eliana Cazetta
- Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz - UESC, Ilhéus, Brazil
| | | | | | - Renato Colares
- Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense - UNESC, Criciúma, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Cléber Covre
- Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo - UFES, Vitória, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Marcelo Duarte
- Universidade de São Paulo, Museu de Zoologia - MZUSP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Joelcio Freitas
- Instituto Nacional da Mata Atlântica - INMA, Santa Teresa, Brazil
| | | | - Leonardo Galetto
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba - UNC - CONICET, Cordoba, Argentina
| | | | | | - Nicole Luize Garcia
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul - PUCRS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Juliana Hipólito
- National Institute of Science and Technology in Interdisciplinary and Transdisciplinary Studies in Ecology and Evolution (IN-TREE), Salvador, Brazil.,Universidade Federal da Bahia - UFBA, Salvador, Brazil.,Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Rafael Kamke
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina - UFSC, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Reinanda Lima
- Universidade de São Paulo - USP, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Tatiana Machado
- Universidade de São Paulo - USP, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,National Institute of Science and Technology in Interdisciplinary and Transdisciplinary Studies in Ecology and Evolution (IN-TREE), Salvador, Brazil
| | | | - Thiago Mahlmann
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Manaus, Brazil
| | | | | | - Felipe Martello
- Universidade Federal de São Carlos - UFSCAR, São Carlos, Brazil
| | | | | | - Rafael Martins
- Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense - UNESC, Criciúma, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Luiz Menini Neto
- Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora - UFJF, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Eduardo Freitas Moreira
- National Institute of Science and Technology in Interdisciplinary and Transdisciplinary Studies in Ecology and Evolution (IN-TREE), Salvador, Brazil.,Universidade Federal da Bahia - UFBA, Salvador, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Martin Pareja
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Fabio Prezoto
- Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora - UFJF, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Ananza Mara Rabello
- Universidade Federal do Sul e Sudeste do Pará - UNIFESSPA, São Félix do Xingu, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Ludmila Rattis
- Woodwell Climate Research Center, Falmouth, Massachusetts, USA.,Instituto de Pesquisa Ambiental da Amazônia - IPAM, Brasília, Brazil
| | | | - Caroline Ribeiro
- Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná - UTFPR, Curitiba, Brazil.,Universidade Federal do Paraná - UFPR, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Lizandra Jaqueline Robe
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria - UFSM, Santa Maria, Brazil.,Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Rio Grande, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Nádia Roque
- Universidade Federal da Bahia - UFBA, Salvador, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Hermes José Schmitz
- Universidade Federal da Integração Latino-Americana - UNILA, Foz do Iguaçu, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Cláudia Inês Silva
- Consultoria Inteligente em Serviços Ecossistêmicos - CISE, Sorocaba, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Oliveira da Silva
- National Institute of Science and Technology in Interdisciplinary and Transdisciplinary Studies in Ecology and Evolution (IN-TREE), Salvador, Brazil.,Universidade Federal de Sergipe - UFS, Nossa Senhora da Glória, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Denise Silveira
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Josefina Steiner
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina - UFSC, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Elisabete Maria Zanin
- Universidade Regional Integrada do Alto Uruguai e das Missões - URI, Erechim, Brazil
| | - Mauro Galetti
- Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Rio Claro, Brazil
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Leite VG, Kjellberg F, Pereira RAS, Teixeira SP. What makes a fig: insights from a comparative analysis of inflorescence morphogenesis in Moraceae. Ann Bot 2021; 127:621-631. [PMID: 33253383 PMCID: PMC8052928 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcaa202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Moraceae, the family of mulberry and fig trees, displays small homogeneous flowers but extremely diverse inflorescences ranging from simple and branched to complex and condensed. Inflorescences also vary in flower organization in the receptacle, in the degree of flower condensation and in receptacle shape. Thus, the objective of the present study was to compare the inflorescence morphogenesis of Moraceae species, to investigate whether clades with a similar pollination mode share the same patterns of inflorescence development and the developmental stages at which we observe the key changes resulting in the diversified inflorescence architecture that culminates in the Ficus syconium. METHODS Inflorescences at different developmental stages were sampled from Brosimum gaudichaudii, Castilla elastica, Clarisia ilicifolia, Ficus pertusa, Maclura tinctoria and Morus nigra and processed for surface and anatomical analyses. KEY RESULTS The inflorescence morphogenesis of the studied species is highly variable. The shape of the inflorescence meristem (bulging, hemispheric or elongated), the initiation order and arrangement of flowers along the receptacle and the occurrence of bracts vary between related species. This diversity originates early during inflorescence development. Brosimum gaudichaudii, C. elastica and F. pertusa have flowers enclosed or immersed within the receptacle, although inflorescences begin their development as flat and open structures, as occurs in the other three study species. CONCLUSION Comparison of the inflorescence morphogenesis in Moraceae species allows us to infer that evolutionary ontogenetic changes driven by pollinators culminate in the enclosure of flowers inside the receptacle, as occurs in the Ficus syconium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviane Gonçalves Leite
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Av. Bandeirantes, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
- Instituto de Pesquisa do Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, DIPEQ, Rua Pacheco Leão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Av. do Café, s/n, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Finn Kjellberg
- CEFE, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Université Paul-Valéry Montpellier, EPHE, Montpellier Cédex, France
| | - Rodrigo Augusto Santinelo Pereira
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Av. Bandeirantes, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Simone Pádua Teixeira
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Av. do Café, s/n, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
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Ramos FN, Mortara SR, Monalisa-Francisco N, Elias JPC, Neto LM, Freitas L, Kersten R, Amorim AM, Matos FB, Nunes-Freitas AF, Alcantara S, Alexandre MHN, de Almeida-Scabbia RJ, de Almeida OJG, Alves FE, de Oliveira Alves RM, Alvim FS, de Andrade ACS, de Andrade S, Aona LYS, Araujo AC, de Araújo KCT, Ariati V, Assis JC, de Azevedo CO, Barbosa BF, Barbosa DEF, Barbosa FDR, de Barros F, Basilio GA, Bataghin FA, Bered F, Bianchi JS, Blum CT, Boelter CR, Bonnet A, Brancalion PHS, Breier TB, Brion CDT, Buzatto CR, Cabral A, Cadorin TJ, Caglioni E, Canêz L, Cardoso PH, de Carvalho FS, Carvalho RG, Catharino ELM, Ceballos SJ, Cerezini MT, César RG, Cestari C, Chaves CJN, Citadini-Zanette V, Coelho LFM, Coffani-Nunes JV, Colares R, Colletta GD, Corrêa NDM, da Costa AF, da Costa GM, Costa LMS, Costa NGS, Couto DR, Cristofolini C, da Cruz ACR, Del Neri LA, di Pasquo M, Dos Santos Dias A, Dias LDCD, Dislich R, Duarte MC, Fabricante JR, Farache FHA, de Faria APG, Faxina C, Ferreira MTM, Fischer E, Fonseca CR, Fontoura T, Francisco TM, Furtado SG, Galetti M, Garbin ML, de Gasper AL, Goetze M, Gomes-da-Silva J, Gonçalves MFA, Gonzaga DR, Silva ACGE, Guaraldo ADC, Guarino EDSG, Guislon AV, Hudson LB, Jardim JG, Jungbluth P, Kaeser SDS, Kessous IM, Koch NM, Kuniyoshi YS, Labiak PH, Lapate ME, Santos ACL, Leal RLB, Leite FS, Leitman P, Liboni AP, Liebsch D, Lingner DV, Lombardi JA, Lucas E, Luzzi JDR, Mai P, Mania LF, Mantovani W, Maragni AG, Marques MCM, Marquez G, Martins C, Martins LDN, Martins PLSS, Mazziero FFF, Melo CDA, de Melo MMF, Mendes AF, Mesacasa L, Morellato LPC, Moreno VDS, Muller A, Murakami MMDS, Cecconello E, Nardy C, Nervo MH, Neves B, Nogueira MGC, Nonato FR, de Oliveira-Filho AT, de Oliveira CPL, Overbeck GE, Marcusso GM, Paciencia MLB, Padilha P, Padilha PT, Pereira ACA, Pereira LC, Pereira RAS, Pincheira-Ulbrich J, Pires JSR, Pizo MA, Pôrto KC, Rattis L, Reis JRDM, Reis SGD, da Rocha-Pessôa TC, Rocha CFD, Rocha FS, Rodrigues ARP, Rodrigues RR, Rogalski JM, Rosanelli RL, Rossado A, Rossatto DR, Rother DC, Ruiz-Miranda CR, Saiter FZ, Sampaio MB, Santana LD, Santos JSD, Sartorello R, Sazima M, Schmitt JL, Schneider G, Schroeder BG, Sevegnani L, Júnior VOS, da Silva FR, da Silva MJ, Silva MPP, Silva RG, Silva SM, Singer RB, Siqueira G, Soares LE, de Sousa HC, Spielmann A, Tonetti VR, Toniato MTZ, Ulguim PSB, van den Berg C, van den Berg E, Varassin IG, da Silva IBV, Vibrans AC, Waechter JL, Weissenberg EW, Windisch PG, Wolowski M, Yañez A, Yoshikawa VN, Zandoná LR, Zanella CM, Zanin EM, Zappi DC, Zipparro VB, Zorzanelli JPF, Ribeiro MC. ATLANTIC EPIPHYTES: a data set of vascular and non-vascular epiphyte plants and lichens from the Atlantic Forest. Ecology 2019; 100:e02541. [PMID: 30707454 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.2541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Revised: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Epiphytes are hyper-diverse and one of the frequently undervalued life forms in plant surveys and biodiversity inventories. Epiphytes of the Atlantic Forest, one of the most endangered ecosystems in the world, have high endemism and radiated recently in the Pliocene. We aimed to (1) compile an extensive Atlantic Forest data set on vascular, non-vascular plants (including hemiepiphytes), and lichen epiphyte species occurrence and abundance; (2) describe the epiphyte distribution in the Atlantic Forest, in order to indicate future sampling efforts. Our work presents the first epiphyte data set with information on abundance and occurrence of epiphyte phorophyte species. All data compiled here come from three main sources provided by the authors: published sources (comprising peer-reviewed articles, books, and theses), unpublished data, and herbarium data. We compiled a data set composed of 2,095 species, from 89,270 holo/hemiepiphyte records, in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay, and Uruguay, recorded from 1824 to early 2018. Most of the records were from qualitative data (occurrence only, 88%), well distributed throughout the Atlantic Forest. For quantitative records, the most common sampling method was individual trees (71%), followed by plot sampling (19%), and transect sampling (10%). Angiosperms (81%) were the most frequently registered group, and Bromeliaceae and Orchidaceae were the families with the greatest number of records (27,272 and 21,945, respectively). Ferns and Lycophytes presented fewer records than Angiosperms, and Polypodiaceae were the most recorded family, and more concentrated in the Southern and Southeastern regions. Data on non-vascular plants and lichens were scarce, with a few disjunct records concentrated in the Northeastern region of the Atlantic Forest. For all non-vascular plant records, Lejeuneaceae, a family of liverworts, was the most recorded family. We hope that our effort to organize scattered epiphyte data help advance the knowledge of epiphyte ecology, as well as our understanding of macroecological and biogeographical patterns in the Atlantic Forest. No copyright restrictions are associated with the data set. Please cite this Ecology Data Paper if the data are used in publication and teaching events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavio Nunes Ramos
- Instituto de Ciências da Natureza, Universidade Federal de Alfenas (UNIFAL), Rua Gabriel Monteiro da Silva, 700, Alfenas, Minas Gerais, 37130-000, Brazil
| | - Sara Ribeiro Mortara
- Instituto de Ciências da Natureza, Universidade Federal de Alfenas (UNIFAL), Rua Gabriel Monteiro da Silva, 700, Alfenas, Minas Gerais, 37130-000, Brazil
| | - Nathalia Monalisa-Francisco
- Instituto de Ciências da Natureza, Universidade Federal de Alfenas (UNIFAL), Rua Gabriel Monteiro da Silva, 700, Alfenas, Minas Gerais, 37130-000, Brazil
| | - João Pedro Costa Elias
- Instituto de Ciências da Natureza, Universidade Federal de Alfenas (UNIFAL), Rua Gabriel Monteiro da Silva, 700, Alfenas, Minas Gerais, 37130-000, Brazil
| | - Luiz Menini Neto
- Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), Rua José Lourenço Kelmer, S/n - Martelos, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, 36036-330, Brazil
| | - Leandro Freitas
- Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, Rua Pacheco Leão, 915, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 22460-030, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Kersten
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná (PUC-PR), Escola de Ciências da Vida, Rua Imaculada Conceição, 1155, Curitiba, Paraná, 80215-901, Brazil
| | - André Márcio Amorim
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (UESC), Campus Soane Nazaré de Andrade, Rodovia Jorge Amado Km 16, Ilhéus, Bahia, 45662-900, Brazil
| | - Fernando Bittencourt Matos
- Departamento de Botânica, Centro Politécnico, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Caixa Postal 19031, Jardim das Américas, Curitiba, Paraná, 81531-980, Brazil
| | - André Felippe Nunes-Freitas
- Instituto de Florestas, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ), Rodovia BR-465, Km 07, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, 23897-000, Brazil
| | - Suzana Alcantara
- Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de. Botânica, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Campus Reitor João David Ferreira Lima, s/n - Trindade, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Marcia Helena Nagahama Alexandre
- Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP), Campus Experimental de Registro, Av. Nelson Brihi Badur, 430, Registro, São Paulo, 11900-000, Brazil
| | - Renata Jimenez de Almeida-Scabbia
- Universidade de Mogi das Cruzes (UMC), Núcleo de Ciências Ambientais, Avenida Doutor Cândido Xavier de Almeida e Souza, 200, Mogi das Cruzes, São Paulo, 08780-911, Brazil
| | - Odair José Garcia de Almeida
- Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP), Praça Infante Dom Henrique, São Vicente, São Paul, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Eliane Alves
- Prefeitura Municipal de Olaria, Meio Ambiente, Praça 1° de Março 13, Centro, Olaria, Minas Gerais, 36145000, Brazil
| | - Rogério Marcos de Oliveira Alves
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Baiano (IF-Baiano), Campus Itaberaba, Av. Rio Branco, 1003, Centro, Itaberaba, Bahia, 46880-000, Brazil
| | - Francine Seehaber Alvim
- Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), Rua José Lourenço Kelmer, S/n - Martelos, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, 36036-330, Brazil
| | | | - Simone de Andrade
- Universidade Regional de Blumenau (FURB), Rua Antônio da Veiga, 140,, Blumenau, Santa Catarina, 89030-903, Brazil
| | - Lidyanne Yuriko Saleme Aona
- Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia (UFRB), CCAAB, Rua Rui Barbosa, 710, Centro, Cruz das Almas, 44380-000, Brazil
| | - Andréa Cardoso Araujo
- Instituto de Biociências, Cidade Universitária, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, 79070-900, Brazil
| | - Kelianne Carolina Targino de Araújo
- Departamento Biociências (DBCI), Universidade Federal de Sergipe (UFS), Campus Universitário Prof. Alberto Carvalho,Av. Vereador Olímpio Grande, S/N - Bloco D, Centro, Itabaiana, Sergipe, 49510-200, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Ariati
- Floresce Consultoria Ambiental, Rua Dr. Alexandre Gutierrez, 332,, Curitiba, Paraná, 80240-130, Brazil
| | - Julia Camara Assis
- Departamento de Ecologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP), CP. 199, Rio Claro, São Paulo, 13506-900, Brazil
| | - Cecília Oliveira de Azevedo
- Ciências Naturais, Departamento de Ciências Naturais, UESB, Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia (UESB), Estrada do Bem-Querer km 4, s.n., Bairro Universitário, Vitória da Conquista, Bahia, 45083-900, Brazil
| | - Bruno Ferreira Barbosa
- Centro de Ensino Superior em Juiz de Fora (CESJF), Campus Arnaldo Janssen, Luz Interior, 345, Santa Luzia, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, 36030-776, Brazil
| | - Daniel Elias Ferreira Barbosa
- Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), Rua José Lourenço Kelmer, S/n - Martelos, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, 36036-330, Brazil
| | - Fernando Dos Reis Barbosa
- Universidade de Mogi das Cruzes (UMC), Núcleo de Ciências Ambientais, Avenida Doutor Cândido Xavier de Almeida e Souza, 200, Mogi das Cruzes, São Paulo, 08780-911, Brazil
| | - Fabio de Barros
- Instituto de Botânica de São Paulo, Núcleo de Pesquisas Orquidário do Estado, Avenida Miguel Stefano, São Paulo, São Paulo, 04301-902, Brazil
| | - Geicilaine Alves Basilio
- Centro de Ensino Superior em Juiz de Fora (CESJF), Campus Arnaldo Janssen, Luz Interior, 345, Santa Luzia, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, 36030-776, Brazil
| | - Fernando Antonio Bataghin
- Faculdade de Engenharia, Arquitetura e Urbanismo e Geografia, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Caixa Postal 594, 79070-900, Cidade Universitária, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Bered
- Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500 pr 43312, Porto Alegre, 91501-970, Brazil
| | - Juliana Santos Bianchi
- JB Consultoria Ambiental, Rua Joaquim Firmino, 1318, Foz do Iguaçu, Paraná, 85853-020, Brazil
| | - Christopher Thomas Blum
- Departamento de Ciências Florestais, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Avenida Prefeito Lothário Meissner, 632, Curitiba, Paraná, 81530-120, Brazil
| | - Carlos Renato Boelter
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisa da Amazônia (INPA), PPG-Botânica, Av. André Araújo, 2936, Aleixo, Manaus, Amazonas, 69067-375, Brazil
| | - Annete Bonnet
- Empresa Brazileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (EMBRAPA) Florestas, Estrada da Ribeira, Km 111, Colombo, Paraná, 83411-000, Brazil
| | - Pedro Henrique Santin Brancalion
- Departamento de Ciências Florestais, Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz" (ESALQ), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Avenida Pádua Dias 11, Piracicaba, São Paulo, 13400-970, Brazil
| | - Tiago Bӧer Breier
- Instituto de Florestas, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ), Rodovia BR-465, Km 07, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, 23897-000, Brazil
| | - Caio de Toledo Brion
- Centro de Ensino Superior em Juiz de Fora (CESJF), Campus Arnaldo Janssen, Luz Interior, 345, Santa Luzia, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, 36030-776, Brazil
| | - Cristiano Roberto Buzatto
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Passo Fundo (UPF), Campus I, Bairro São José, BR 285, Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul, 9052-900, Brazil
| | - Andressa Cabral
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Rua do Matão, 277, São Paulo, 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Tiago João Cadorin
- Universidade Regional de Blumenau (FURB), Rua Antônio da Veiga, 140,, Blumenau, Santa Catarina, 89030-903, Brazil
| | - Eder Caglioni
- Universidade Regional de Blumenau (FURB), Rua Antônio da Veiga, 140,, Blumenau, Santa Catarina, 89030-903, Brazil
| | - Luciana Canêz
- Instituto de Biociências, Cidade Universitária, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, 79070-900, Brazil
| | - Pedro Henrique Cardoso
- Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), Rua José Lourenço Kelmer, S/n - Martelos, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, 36036-330, Brazil
| | - Fábia Silva de Carvalho
- Instituto de Biociências, Herbário CGMS, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Avenida Costa e Silva s/n, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, 79070-900, Brazil
| | - Renan Gonçalves Carvalho
- Instituto de Ciências da Natureza, Universidade Federal de Alfenas (UNIFAL), Rua Gabriel Monteiro da Silva, 700, Alfenas, Minas Gerais, 37130-000, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Luis Martins Catharino
- Instituto de Botânica de São Paulo, Núcleo de Pesquisas Orquidário do Estado, Avenida Miguel Stefano, São Paulo, São Paulo, 04301-902, Brazil
| | - Sergio Javier Ceballos
- Instituto de Ecología Regional (UNT-CONICET), Casilla de Correo, 34, Yerba Buena, Tucumán, 4107, Argentina
| | - Monise Terra Cerezini
- Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde - Rodovia Washington Luís, Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCAR), Km 335 - SP 310, 13565-905/C.P 676, São Carlos, São Paulo, 13565-6799 , Brazil
| | - Ricardo Gomes César
- Departamento de Ciências Florestais, Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz" (ESALQ), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Avenida Pádua Dias 11, Piracicaba, São Paulo, 13400-970, Brazil
| | - Cesar Cestari
- Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP), CP. 199, Rio Claro, São Paulo, 13506-900, Brazil
| | - Cleber Juliano Neves Chaves
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP), Avenida 24 A, 1515, CP. 199, Rio Claro, São Paulo, 13506-900, Brazil
| | - Vanilde Citadini-Zanette
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Ambientais, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense (UNESC), Avenida Universitária, 1105, Bairro Universitário, Criciúma, Santa Catarina, 88806-000, Brazil
| | - Luiz Francisco Mello Coelho
- Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco (UNIFASF), NEMA, Brazil 407, Km 12, lote 543, Projeto de Irrigação Nilo Coelho, s/n, Petrolina, Pernambuco, 56304-917, Brazil
| | - João Vicente Coffani-Nunes
- Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP), Campus Experimental de Registro, Av. Nelson Brihi Badur, 430, Registro, São Paulo, 11900-000, Brazil
| | - Renato Colares
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Ambientais, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense (UNESC), Avenida Universitária, 1105, Bairro Universitário, Criciúma, Santa Catarina, 88806-000, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Dalla Colletta
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), C. P. 6109, Campinas, São Paulo, 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Nadjara de Medeiros Corrêa
- Instituto de Florestas, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ), Rodovia BR-465, Km 07, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, 23897-000, Brazil
| | - Andrea Ferreira da Costa
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Museu Nacional, Horto Botânico, Quinta da Boa Vista, São Cristóvão, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 20940-040, Brazil
| | - Grênivel Mota da Costa
- Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia (UFRB), CCAAB, Rua Rui Barbosa, 710, Centro, Cruz das Almas, 44380-000, Brazil
| | - Laís Mara Santana Costa
- Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500 pr 43312, Porto Alegre, 91501-970, Brazil
| | - Natália Gabriela Souza Costa
- Instituto de Ciências da Natureza, Universidade Federal de Alfenas (UNIFAL), Rua Gabriel Monteiro da Silva, 700, Alfenas, Minas Gerais, 37130-000, Brazil
| | - Dayvid Rodrigues Couto
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Museu Nacional, Horto Botânico, Quinta da Boa Vista, São Cristóvão, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 20940-040, Brazil
| | - Caroline Cristofolini
- Universidade Regional de Blumenau (FURB), Rua Antônio da Veiga, 140,, Blumenau, Santa Catarina, 89030-903, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Rodrigues da Cruz
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Museu Nacional, Horto Botânico, Quinta da Boa Vista, São Cristóvão, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 20940-040, Brazil
| | - Leopoldo Angelo Del Neri
- Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP), Campus Experimental de Registro, Av. Nelson Brihi Badur, 430, Registro, São Paulo, 11900-000, Brazil
| | - Mercedes di Pasquo
- Laboratory of Palynostratigraphy and Paleobotany, CICyTTP (CONICET-Entre Ríos-UADER), Dr. Matteri y España Diamante, Entre Ríos, E3105BWA, Argentina
| | - Aline Dos Santos Dias
- Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rua São Francisco Xavier, 524, Rio de Janeiro, 20550-900, Brazil
| | - Letícia do Carmo Dutra Dias
- Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), Rua José Lourenço Kelmer, S/n - Martelos, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, 36036-330, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Dislich
- Ministério do Planejamento, Desenvolvimentos e Gestão, Esplanada dos Ministérios, Bloco K, Sala 352, Brasília, 70040-906, Brazil
| | - Marília Cristina Duarte
- Universidade de Mogi das Cruzes (UMC), Núcleo de Ciências Ambientais, Avenida Doutor Cândido Xavier de Almeida e Souza, 200, Mogi das Cruzes, São Paulo, 08780-911, Brazil
| | - Juliano Ricardo Fabricante
- Departamento Biociências (DBCI), Universidade Federal de Sergipe (UFS), Campus Universitário Prof. Alberto Carvalho,Av. Vereador Olímpio Grande, S/N - Bloco D, Centro, Itabaiana, Sergipe, 49510-200, Brazil
| | - Fernando Henrique Antoniolli Farache
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Campus de Ribeirão Preto, Avenida Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, 14040-901, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Gelli de Faria
- Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), Rua José Lourenço Kelmer, S/n - Martelos, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, 36036-330, Brazil
| | - Claudenice Faxina
- Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Cidade Universitária, Campo Grande, 79070-900, Brazil
| | - Mariana Terrola Martins Ferreira
- Departamento de Biodiversidade, Evolução e Meio Ambiente, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto (UFOP), Campus, Universitário Morro do Cruzeiro, Ouro Preto, 35400-000, Brazil
| | - Erich Fischer
- Instituto de Biociências, Cidade Universitária, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, 79070-900, Brazil
| | - Carlos Roberto Fonseca
- Departamento de Ecologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Talita Fontoura
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação da Biodiversidade, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (UESC), Rodovia Jorge Amado Km 16, Ilhéus, Bahia, 45662-900, Brazil
| | - Talitha Mayumi Francisco
- Laboratório de Ciências Ambientais, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro (UENF), Avenida Alberto Lamego 2000, Parque Califórnia, 28013602, Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro,, Brazil
| | - Samyra Gomes Furtado
- Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), Rua José Lourenço Kelmer, S/n - Martelos, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, 36036-330, Brazil
| | - Mauro Galetti
- Departamento de Ecologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP), CP. 199, Rio Claro, São Paulo, 13506-900, Brazil
| | - Mário Luís Garbin
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ecossistemas, Universidade Vila Velha (UVV), Rua Comissário José Dantas de Melo, s/n, Boa Vista, Vila Velha, Espírito Santo, 29102770, Brazil
| | - André Luís de Gasper
- Universidade Regional de Blumenau (FURB), Rua Antônio da Veiga, 140,, Blumenau, Santa Catarina, 89030-903, Brazil
| | - Márcia Goetze
- Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500 pr 43312, Porto Alegre, 91501-970, Brazil
| | - Janaína Gomes-da-Silva
- Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, Rua Pacheco Leão, 915, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 22460-030, Brazil
| | - Mateus Felipe Araujo Gonçalves
- Instituto de Ciências da Natureza, Universidade Federal de Alfenas (UNIFAL), Rua Gabriel Monteiro da Silva, 700, Alfenas, Minas Gerais, 37130-000, Brazil
| | - Diego Rafael Gonzaga
- Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, Rua Pacheco Leão, 915, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 22460-030, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Granero E Silva
- Instituto de Ciências da Natureza, Universidade Federal de Alfenas (UNIFAL), Rua Gabriel Monteiro da Silva, 700, Alfenas, Minas Gerais, 37130-000, Brazil
| | - André de Camargo Guaraldo
- Laboratório de Ecologia Comportamental e Ornitologia, Departamento de Zoologia, Centro Politécnico, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Caixa Postal 19031, Jardim das Américas, Curitiba, Paraná, 81530-900, Brazil
| | - Ernestino de Souza Gomes Guarino
- Centro de Pesquisa Agropecuária de Clima Temperado (Embrapa Clima Temperado), Rodovia BR-392, Km 78, 9° Distrito, Postal Code 403,, Monte Bonito, Rio Grande do Sul, 96010-971, Brazil
| | - Aline Votri Guislon
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Ambientais, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense (UNESC), Avenida Universitária, 1105, Bairro Universitário, Criciúma, Santa Catarina, 88806-000, Brazil
| | - Luigy Bitencourt Hudson
- Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), Rua José Lourenço Kelmer, S/n - Martelos, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, 36036-330, Brazil
| | - Jomar Gomes Jardim
- Instituto de Humanidades, Artes e Ciências and Herbário Centro de Pesquisa do Cacau - CEPEC, Universidade Federal do Sul da Bahia (UFSB), Campus Jorge Amado, Km 29 Rod. Ilhéus-Itabuna, CP. 07, Itabuna, Bahia, 45604-811, Brazil
| | - Patricia Jungbluth
- Departamento de Zootecnia e Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Av. Independência, n° 3751, Bairro Vista Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 98300000, Brazil
| | - Selma Dos Santos Kaeser
- Centro de Ensino Superior em Juiz de Fora (CESJF), Campus Arnaldo Janssen, Luz Interior, 345, Santa Luzia, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, 36030-776, Brazil
| | - Igor Musauer Kessous
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Museu Nacional, Horto Botânico, Quinta da Boa Vista, São Cristóvão, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 20940-040, Brazil
| | - Natália Mossmann Koch
- Instituto de Biociências, Cidade Universitária, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, 79070-900, Brazil
| | - Yoshiko Saito Kuniyoshi
- Departamento de Ciências Florestais, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Avenida Prefeito Lothário Meissner, 632, Curitiba, Paraná, 81530-120, Brazil
| | - Paulo Henrique Labiak
- Departamento de Botânica, Centro Politécnico, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Caixa Postal 19031, Jardim das Américas, Curitiba, Paraná, 81531-980, Brazil
| | - Maria Esther Lapate
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Campus de Ribeirão Preto, Avenida Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, 14040-901, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Laurenti Santos
- Instituto Nacional de Colonização e Reforma Agrária - INCRA/SR22 - Alagoas, Setor de Meio Ambiente e Recursos Naturais, Rua do Imperador, N° 105 Centro, Maceió, Alagoas, 57020-030, Brazil
| | - Roberta Luísa Barbosa Leal
- Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, Rua Pacheco Leão, 915, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 22460-030, Brazil
| | - Felipe Silveira Leite
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Botânica - Avenida Antônio Carlos, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Paula Leitman
- Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, Rua Pacheco Leão, 915, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 22460-030, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Liboni
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), C. P. 6109, Campinas, São Paulo, 13083-970, Brazil
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório de Ecologia e Restauração Florestal (LERF), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz" (ESALQ), Avenida Pádua Dias 11, 13.418-900, Piracicaba, São Paulo,, Brazil
| | - Dieter Liebsch
- Departamento de Ciências Florestais, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Avenida Prefeito Lothário Meissner, 632, Curitiba, Paraná, 81530-120, Brazil
| | - Débora Vanessa Lingner
- Universidade Regional de Blumenau (FURB), Rua Antônio da Veiga, 140,, Blumenau, Santa Catarina, 89030-903, Brazil
| | - Julio Antonio Lombardi
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP), Avenida 24 A, 1515, CP. 199, Rio Claro, São Paulo, 13506-900, Brazil
| | - Eve Lucas
- Herbarium, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, TW9 3AB, United Kingdom
| | - Jhonny Dos Reis Luzzi
- Centro de Ensino Superior em Juiz de Fora (CESJF), Campus Arnaldo Janssen, Luz Interior, 345, Santa Luzia, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, 36030-776, Brazil
| | - Patricia Mai
- Centro Universitario Regional del Este, Universidad de la República, Tacuarembó y Bvar, Artigas, Maldonado, 20100, Uruguay
| | - Luiz Felipe Mania
- Departamento de Ciências e Matemática (DCM), Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de São Paulo (IFSP), Campus São Paulo, Rua Pedro Vicente, 625, Canindé, São Paulo, São Paulo, 01109-010, Brazil
| | - Waldir Mantovani
- Centro de Ciências, Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC), Campus do PICI, Bloco 906, Fortaleza, Ceará, 60455-760, Brazil
| | - Angelica Guidoni Maragni
- Instituto de Botânica de São Paulo, Núcleo de Pesquisas Orquidário do Estado, Avenida Miguel Stefano, São Paulo, São Paulo, 04301-902, Brazil
- Reservas Votorantim, Rua Amauri, 255, 12° andar, São Paulo, São Paulo, 01448-000, Brazil
| | - Marcia Cristina Mendes Marques
- Departamento de Botânica, Centro Politécnico, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Caixa Postal 19031, Jardim das Américas, Curitiba, Paraná, 81531-980, Brazil
| | - Gonzalo Marquez
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, 3, 64st, La Plata, 1900, Argentina
| | - Cristiane Martins
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Biomas Tropicais, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto (UFOP), Campus Morro do Cruzeiro, Bauxita, Ouro Preto, 35400-000, Brazil
| | - Laura do Nascimento Martins
- Instituto de Florestas, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ), Rodovia BR-465, Km 07, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, 23897-000, Brazil
| | - Pedro Luiz Sanglard Silva Martins
- Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), Rua José Lourenço Kelmer, S/n - Martelos, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, 36036-330, Brazil
| | - Frederico Fregolente Faracco Mazziero
- Departamento de Botânica, Centro Politécnico, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Caixa Postal 19031, Jardim das Américas, Curitiba, Paraná, 81531-980, Brazil
| | - Camila de Aguiar Melo
- Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500 pr 43312, Porto Alegre, 91501-970, Brazil
| | - Maria Margarida Fiuza de Melo
- Instituto de Botânica de São Paulo, Núcleo de Pesquisas Curadoria do Herbário, Avenida Miguel Stefano, São Paulo, São Paulo, 04301-902, Brazil
| | - Alex Fernando Mendes
- Departamento de Ciências Florestais, Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz" (ESALQ), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Avenida Pádua Dias 11, Piracicaba, São Paulo, 13400-970, Brazil
| | - Letícia Mesacasa
- Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de. Botânica, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Campus Reitor João David Ferreira Lima, s/n - Trindade, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Leonor Patricia Cerdeira Morellato
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP), Avenida 24 A, 1515, CP. 199, Rio Claro, São Paulo, 13506-900, Brazil
| | - Vanessa de Souza Moreno
- Departamento de Ciências Florestais, Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz" (ESALQ), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Avenida Pádua Dias 11, Piracicaba, São Paulo, 13400-970, Brazil
| | - Adelcio Muller
- Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde - Rodovia Washington Luís, Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCAR), Km 335 - SP 310, 13565-905/C.P 676, São Carlos, São Paulo, 13565-6799 , Brazil
| | - Mariana Moreira da Silva Murakami
- Instituto de Florestas, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ), Rodovia BR-465, Km 07, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, 23897-000, Brazil
| | - Edinete Cecconello
- Instituto Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (IFRS), Rodovia RS 135, Km 25, Distrito Engenheiro Luiz Englert, Caixa Postal 21, Sertão, Rio Grande do Sul, 99170-000, Brazil
| | - Camila Nardy
- Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), Rua José Lourenço Kelmer, S/n - Martelos, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, 36036-330, Brazil
| | - Michelle Helena Nervo
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Avenida Bento Gonçalves, 9500 pr 43433, Porto Alegre, 91501-970, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Neves
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Museu Nacional, Horto Botânico, Quinta da Boa Vista, São Cristóvão, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 20940-040, Brazil
| | - Matheus Guimarães Cardoso Nogueira
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Museu Nacional, Horto Botânico, Quinta da Boa Vista, São Cristóvão, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 20940-040, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Regina Nonato
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), C. P. 6109, Campinas, São Paulo, 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Ary Teixeira de Oliveira-Filho
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Botânica - Avenida Antônio Carlos, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil
| | | | - Gerhard Ernst Overbeck
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Avenida Bento Gonçalves, 9500 pr 43433, Porto Alegre, 91501-970, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Mendes Marcusso
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP), Avenida 24 A, 1515, CP. 199, Rio Claro, São Paulo, 13506-900, Brazil
| | - Mateus Luís Barradas Paciencia
- Conselho Superior de Ensino, Pesquisa e Extensão, Universidade Paulista (UNIP), Avenida Paulista, 900, 1°. Andar - Herbário, UNIP - Núcleo de Pesquisa em Biodiversidade - Bela Vista, 01310100, São Paulo, São Paulo,, Brazil
| | - Patricia Padilha
- Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de. Botânica, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Campus Reitor João David Ferreira Lima, s/n - Trindade, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Peterson Teodoro Padilha
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Ambientais, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense (UNESC), Avenida Universitária, 1105, Bairro Universitário, Criciúma, Santa Catarina, 88806-000, Brazil
| | - Ana Clara Alves Pereira
- Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), Rua José Lourenço Kelmer, S/n - Martelos, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, 36036-330, Brazil
| | - Luciana Carvalho Pereira
- Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), Rua José Lourenço Kelmer, S/n - Martelos, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, 36036-330, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Augusto Santinelo Pereira
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Campus de Ribeirão Preto, Avenida Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, 14040-901, Brazil
| | - Jimmy Pincheira-Ulbrich
- Laboratorio de Planificación Territorial, Departamento de Ciencias Ambientales, Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Rudecindo Ortega, 02950, Temuco, 4813302, Chile
| | - José Salatiel Rodrigues Pires
- Departamento de Ecologia e Zoologia - ECZ, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), AC/Cidade Universitária. Trindade. CEP 88.040-970, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Marco Aurélio Pizo
- Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP), CP. 199, Rio Claro, São Paulo, 13506-900, Brazil
| | - Kátia Cavalcanti Pôrto
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235 - Cidade Universitária, Recife, 50670-901, Brazil
| | - Ludmila Rattis
- Instituto de Pesquisa Ambiental da Amazônia (INPA), Rua Horizontina, 104, Centro, Canarana, Mato Grosso, 74680-000, Brazil
- Woods Hole Research Center, 149, Woods Hole Road, Falmouth, Massachusetts, 02540-1644, USA
| | - Joice Rodrigues de Mendonça Reis
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Baiano (IF-Baiano), Campus Itaberaba, Av. Rio Branco, 1003, Centro, Itaberaba, Bahia, 46880-000, Brazil
| | - Simone Gonçalves Dos Reis
- Centro de Ensino Superior em Juiz de Fora (CESJF), Campus Arnaldo Janssen, Luz Interior, 345, Santa Luzia, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, 36030-776, Brazil
| | - Thereza Christina da Rocha-Pessôa
- Instituto de Florestas, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ), Rodovia BR-465, Km 07, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, 23897-000, Brazil
| | - Carlos Frederico Duarte Rocha
- Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rua São Francisco Xavier, 524, Rio de Janeiro, 20550-900, Brazil
| | - Fernando Souza Rocha
- Embrapa Cerrados/Centro de Pesquisa Agropecuária dos Cerrados, BR-020, Km 18, Brasília, 73310-970, Brazil
| | - Alba Regina Pereira Rodrigues
- Centro Federal de Educação Tecnológica Celso Suckow da Fonseca (CEFET-RJ), Rua Voluntários da Pátria, 30, Bairro Belo Horizonte, Valença, Rio de Janeiro, 27600-000, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Ribeiro Rodrigues
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório de Ecologia e Restauração Florestal (LERF), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz" (ESALQ), Avenida Pádua Dias 11, 13.418-900, Piracicaba, São Paulo,, Brazil
| | - Juliana Marcia Rogalski
- Instituto Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (IFRS), Rodovia RS 135, Km 25, Distrito Engenheiro Luiz Englert, Caixa Postal 21, Sertão, Rio Grande do Sul, 99170-000, Brazil
| | - Roberta Luiza Rosanelli
- Universidade do Oeste de Santa Catarina (UNOESC), Campus de São Miguel do Oeste, Rua Oiapoc, 211, Bairro Agostini São Miguel do Oeste, Santa Catarina, 89900-000, Brazil
| | - Andrés Rossado
- Facultad de Ciencias, Iguá y Mataojo, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, 11400, Uruguay
| | - Davi Rodrigo Rossatto
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP), Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castelane, S/N, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, 14884-900, Brazil
| | - Débora Cristina Rother
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), C. P. 6109, Campinas, São Paulo, 13083-970, Brazil
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório de Ecologia e Restauração Florestal (LERF), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz" (ESALQ), Avenida Pádua Dias 11, 13.418-900, Piracicaba, São Paulo,, Brazil
| | - Carlos Ramon Ruiz-Miranda
- Laboratório de Ciências Ambientais, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro (UENF), Avenida Alberto Lamego 2000, Parque Califórnia, 28013602, Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro,, Brazil
| | - Felipe Zamborlini Saiter
- Instituto Federal do Espírito Santo (IFES), Rod. ES-080, Km 93, São João de Petrópolis, Santa Teresa, Espírito Santo, 29660-000, Brazil
| | - Mauricio Bonesso Sampaio
- Instituto de Ciências da Natureza, Universidade Federal de Alfenas (UNIFAL), Rua Gabriel Monteiro da Silva, 700, Alfenas, Minas Gerais, 37130-000, Brazil
| | - Lucas Deziderio Santana
- Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Florestal, Caixa Postal 3037, Lavras, Minas Gerais, 37200000, Brazil
| | - Juliana Silveira Dos Santos
- Departamento de Ecologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP), CP. 199, Rio Claro, São Paulo, 13506-900, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Sartorello
- Universidade de Mogi das Cruzes (UMC), Núcleo de Ciências Ambientais, Avenida Doutor Cândido Xavier de Almeida e Souza, 200, Mogi das Cruzes, São Paulo, 08780-911, Brazil
| | - Marlies Sazima
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), C. P. 6109, Campinas, São Paulo, 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Juliane Luzía Schmitt
- Laboratory of Palynostratigraphy and Paleobotany, CICyTTP (CONICET-Entre Ríos-UADER), Dr. Matteri y España Diamante, Entre Ríos, E3105BWA, Argentina
| | - Geniane Schneider
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Campus Universitário, s/n, Sala 05, MIP - Córrego Grande, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Bruna Grosch Schroeder
- Universidade Regional de Blumenau (FURB), Rua Antônio da Veiga, 140,, Blumenau, Santa Catarina, 89030-903, Brazil
| | - Lucia Sevegnani
- Universidade Regional de Blumenau (FURB), Rua Antônio da Veiga, 140,, Blumenau, Santa Catarina, 89030-903, Brazil
| | - Vasconcelos Oliveira Silva Júnior
- Centro de Ensino Superior em Juiz de Fora (CESJF), Campus Arnaldo Janssen, Luz Interior, 345, Santa Luzia, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, 36030-776, Brazil
| | - Fernando Rodrigues da Silva
- Centro de Ensino Superior em Juiz de Fora (CESJF), Campus Arnaldo Janssen, Luz Interior, 345, Santa Luzia, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, 36030-776, Brazil
| | - Maria Juliana da Silva
- Faculdades Integradas do Vale do Ribeira, Laboratório de Biologia, Rua Oscar Yoshiaki Magário, União das Instituições de Serviços, Ensino e Pesquisa Ltda (UNISEP), 185, Jardim das Palmeiras, Registro, São Paulo, 11900-000, Brazil
| | - Mércia Patrícia Pereira Silva
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235 - Cidade Universitária, Recife, 50670-901, Brazil
| | - Rafaela Guimarães Silva
- Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Florestal, Caixa Postal 3037, Lavras, Minas Gerais, 37200000, Brazil
| | - Sandro Menezes Silva
- Faculdade de Ciências Biológicas e Ambientais - Rua João Rosa Góes, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados (UFGD), 1761, Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, 79835-070, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Bustos Singer
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Avenida Bento Gonçalves, 9500 pr 43433, Porto Alegre, 91501-970, Brazil
| | - Geovane Siqueira
- Reserva Natural Vale, Rodovia Brazil 101 Norte, Interior, Linhares, Espírito Santo, 29900-970, Brazil
| | - Luis Eduardo Soares
- Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500 pr 43312, Porto Alegre, 91501-970, Brazil
| | - Hildeberto Caldas de Sousa
- Departamento de Biodiversidade, Evolução e Meio Ambiente, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto (UFOP), Campus, Universitário Morro do Cruzeiro, Ouro Preto, 35400-000, Brazil
| | - Adriano Spielmann
- Instituto de Biociências, Cidade Universitária, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, 79070-900, Brazil
| | - Vinicius Rodrigues Tonetti
- Departamento de Ecologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP), CP. 199, Rio Claro, São Paulo, 13506-900, Brazil
| | - Maria Teresa Zugliani Toniato
- Divisão de Florestas e Estações Experimentais, Instituto Florestal do Estado de São Paulo, Seção de Bauru, Av. Rodrigues Alves, 38-25, Horto Florestal, Bauru, São Paulo, 17030-000, Brazil
| | - Paulo Sérgio Bordoni Ulguim
- Centro de Ensino Superior em Juiz de Fora (CESJF), Campus Arnaldo Janssen, Luz Interior, 345, Santa Luzia, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, 36030-776, Brazil
| | - Cássio van den Berg
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana (UEFS), Avenida Transnordestina s.n., Feira de Santana, Bahia, 44036-900, Brazil
| | - Eduardo van den Berg
- Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Florestal, Caixa Postal 3037, Lavras, Minas Gerais, 37200000, Brazil
| | - Isabela Galarda Varassin
- Departamento de Botânica, Centro Politécnico, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Caixa Postal 19031, Jardim das Américas, Curitiba, Paraná, 81531-980, Brazil
| | - Izabela Bitencourt Veloso da Silva
- Instituto de Florestas, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ), Rodovia BR-465, Km 07, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, 23897-000, Brazil
| | - Alexander Christian Vibrans
- Universidade Regional de Blumenau (FURB), Rua Antônio da Veiga, 140,, Blumenau, Santa Catarina, 89030-903, Brazil
| | - Jorge Luiz Waechter
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Avenida Bento Gonçalves, 9500 pr 43433, Porto Alegre, 91501-970, Brazil
| | - Erick Willy Weissenberg
- Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP), Campus Experimental de Registro, Av. Nelson Brihi Badur, 430, Registro, São Paulo, 11900-000, Brazil
| | - Paulo Günter Windisch
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Avenida Bento Gonçalves, 9500 pr 43433, Porto Alegre, 91501-970, Brazil
| | - Marina Wolowski
- Instituto de Ciências da Natureza, Universidade Federal de Alfenas (UNIFAL), Rua Gabriel Monteiro da Silva, 700, Alfenas, Minas Gerais, 37130-000, Brazil
| | - Agustina Yañez
- División Plantas Vasculares, CONICET, Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales Bernardino Rivadavia, Avenida Ángel Gallardo 470, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Vania Nobuko Yoshikawa
- Universidade de Mogi das Cruzes (UMC), Núcleo de Ciências Ambientais, Avenida Doutor Cândido Xavier de Almeida e Souza, 200, Mogi das Cruzes, São Paulo, 08780-911, Brazil
| | - Luciano Ramos Zandoná
- Instituto de Botânica de São Paulo, Núcleo de Pesquisas Orquidário do Estado, Avenida Miguel Stefano, São Paulo, São Paulo, 04301-902, Brazil
- Reservas Votorantim, Rua Amauri, 255, 12° andar, São Paulo, São Paulo, 01448-000, Brazil
| | - Camila Martini Zanella
- Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500 pr 43312, Porto Alegre, 91501-970, Brazil
| | - Elisabete Maria Zanin
- Universidade Regional Integrada do Alto Uruguai e das Missões (URI), Ciências Biológicas, Erechim, Rio Grande do Sul, 99700-000, Brazil
| | - Daniela Cristina Zappi
- Instituto Tecnológico Vale, Biodiversidade e Serviços Ecossistêmicos, Rua Boaventura da Silva, 955, Belém, Pará, 66055-090, Brazil
| | - Valesca Bononi Zipparro
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP), Avenida 24 A, 1515, CP. 199, Rio Claro, São Paulo, 13506-900, Brazil
| | - João Paulo Fernandes Zorzanelli
- Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Florestais, Avenida Governador Lindemberg, 316, Centro, Jerônimo Monteiro, Espírito Santo, 29550-000, Brazil
| | - Milton Cezar Ribeiro
- Departamento de Ecologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP), CP. 199, Rio Claro, São Paulo, 13506-900, Brazil
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Marinho CR, Pereira RAS, Peng YQ, Teixeira SP. Laticifer distribution in fig inflorescence and its potential role in the fig-fig wasp mutualism. Acta Oecologica 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.actao.2017.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Elias LG, Lino-Neto J, Pereira RAS. Oogenesis and ovarian morphology in pollinating and non-pollinating fig wasps: evidence from adult and immature stages. INVERTEBR REPROD DEV 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/07924259.2018.1469549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - José Lino-Neto
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), Viçosa, Brazil
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Pereira RAS, Bicalho AA, Franco SD, Tantbirojn D, Versluis A, Soares CJ. Effect of Restorative Protocol on Cuspal Strain and Residual Stress in Endodontically Treated Molars. Oper Dent 2016; 41:23-33. [DOI: 10.2341/14-178-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARY
Objectives
To evaluate the effect of the restorative protocol on cuspal strain, fracture resistance, residual stress, and mechanical properties of restorative materials in endodontically treated molars.
Methods
Forty-five molars received mesio-occlusal-distal (MOD) Class II preparations and endodontic treatment followed by direct restorations using three restorative protocols: composite resin (CR) only (Filtek Supreme, 3M-ESPE), resin modified glass ionomer cement in combination with CR (Vitremer, 3M-ESPE in pulp chamber and Filtek Supreme in MOD cavity), conventional glass ionomer cement in combination with composite resin (CGI-CR) (Ketac Fil, 3M-ESPE in pulp chamber and Filtek Supreme in MOD cavity). Cuspal strain was measured using strain gauges, and fracture resistance was tested with an occlusal load. Elastic modulus (EM) and Vickers hardness (VH) of the restorative materials were determined at different depths using dynamic microhardness indentation. Curing shrinkage was measured using the strain gauge technique. The restorative protocols were also simulated in finite element analysis (FEA). The shrinkage strain, cuspal strain, EM, VH, and fracture resistance data were statistically analyzed using split-plot analysis of variance and Tukey test (p=0.05). Residual shrinkage stresses were expressed in modified von Mises equivalent stresses.
Results
Shrinkage strain values (in volume %) were Ketac Fil (0.08±0.01) < Vitremer (0.18±0.01) < Filtek Supreme (0.54±0.03). Cuspal strain was higher and fracture resistance was lower when using CR only compared with the techniques that used glass ionomer. The EM and VH of the materials in the pulp chamber were significantly lower for glass ionomer. The FEA showed that using CR only resulted in higher residual stresses in enamel and root dentin close to the pulp chamber than the combinations with glass ionomers (RMGI-CR and CGI-CR).
Conclusions
The choice of restorative protocol significantly affected the biomechanical behavior of endodontically treated molars. Using glass ionomer to fill the pulp chamber is recommended when endodontically treated molars receive direct composite restorations because it reduces cuspal strain and increases fracture resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- RAS Pereira
- Renata Afonso da Silva Pereira, DDS, MS, Biomechanics Research Group, Department of Operative Dentistry and Dental Materials; and School of Dentistry, Department of Operative Dentistry, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - AA Bicalho
- Aline Aredes Bicalho, DDS, MS, PhD, Biomechanics Research Group, Department of Operative Dentistry and Dental Materials; and School of Dentistry, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - SD Franco
- Sinésio Franco, Eng, MS, PhD, professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - A Versluis
- Antheunis Versluis, PhD, professor and director, Biomaterials Research, Department of Bioscience Research, College of Dentistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - CJ Soares
- Carlos José Soares, DDS, MS, PhD, professor and chairman, Biomechanics Research Group, Department of Operative Dentistry and Dental Materials; and School of Dentistry, Department of Operative Dentistry, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Coelho LFM, Ribeiro MC, Pereira RAS. Water availability determines the richness and density of fig trees within Brazilian semideciduous forest landscapes. Acta Oecologica 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.actao.2013.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Basso-Alves JP, Pereira RAS, Peng YQ, Teixeira SP. Different ontogenetic processes promote dicliny in Ficus L. (Moraceae). Acta Oecologica 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.actao.2013.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Cruaud A, Rønsted N, Chantarasuwan B, Chou LS, Clement WL, Couloux A, Cousins B, Genson G, Harrison RD, Hanson PE, Hossaert-Mckey M, Jabbour-Zahab R, Jousselin E, Kerdelhué C, Kjellberg F, Lopez-Vaamonde C, Peebles J, Peng YQ, Pereira RAS, Schramm T, Ubaidillah R, van Noort S, Weiblen GD, Yang DR, Yodpinyanee A, Libeskind-Hadas R, Cook JM, Rasplus JY, Savolainen V. An extreme case of plant-insect codiversification: figs and fig-pollinating wasps. Syst Biol 2012; 61:1029-47. [PMID: 22848088 PMCID: PMC3478567 DOI: 10.1093/sysbio/sys068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2012] [Revised: 05/29/2012] [Accepted: 07/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
It is thought that speciation in phytophagous insects is often due to colonization of novel host plants, because radiations of plant and insect lineages are typically asynchronous. Recent phylogenetic comparisons have supported this model of diversification for both insect herbivores and specialized pollinators. An exceptional case where contemporaneous plant-insect diversification might be expected is the obligate mutualism between fig trees (Ficus species, Moraceae) and their pollinating wasps (Agaonidae, Hymenoptera). The ubiquity and ecological significance of this mutualism in tropical and subtropical ecosystems has long intrigued biologists, but the systematic challenge posed by >750 interacting species pairs has hindered progress toward understanding its evolutionary history. In particular, taxon sampling and analytical tools have been insufficient for large-scale cophylogenetic analyses. Here, we sampled nearly 200 interacting pairs of fig and wasp species from across the globe. Two supermatrices were assembled: on an average, wasps had sequences from 77% of 6 genes (5.6 kb), figs had sequences from 60% of 5 genes (5.5 kb), and overall 850 new DNA sequences were generated for this study. We also developed a new analytical tool, Jane 2, for event-based phylogenetic reconciliation analysis of very large data sets. Separate Bayesian phylogenetic analyses for figs and fig wasps under relaxed molecular clock assumptions indicate Cretaceous diversification of crown groups and contemporaneous divergence for nearly half of all fig and pollinator lineages. Event-based cophylogenetic analyses further support the codiversification hypothesis. Biogeographic analyses indicate that the present-day distribution of fig and pollinator lineages is consistent with a Eurasian origin and subsequent dispersal, rather than with Gondwanan vicariance. Overall, our findings indicate that the fig-pollinator mutualism represents an extreme case among plant-insect interactions of coordinated dispersal and long-term codiversification. [Biogeography; coevolution; cospeciation; host switching; long-branch attraction; phylogeny.].
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid Cruaud
- INRA, UMR1062 CBGP, F-34988 Montferrier-sur-Lez, France; Jodrell Laboratory, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, TW9 3DS, UK; Department of Plant Biology, University of Minnesota, 55108-1095 MN, USA; The Natural History Museum of Denmark, Copenhagen, DK-1307 Denmark; National Herbarium of the Netherlands, P.O. Box 9514, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands; Institute of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan; Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520-8106, USA; Centre National de Séquençage, CP5706, 91057 Evry, France; Department of Mathematical Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634 , USA; Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, XTBG, Kunming 650223, China; Escuela de Biología. Universidad de Costa Rica. A.P. 2060 San Pedro de Montes de Oca. 2060 San José, Costa Rica; CNRS—UMR 5175 CEFE, Montpellier, France; INRA, UR633 Zoologie Forestière, Orléans, France; Department of Computer Science, Harvey Mudd College, Claremont 91711-5901, CA, USA; Depto de Biologia, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, 14040-901 SP, Brazil; Research Center for Biology, LIPI, 16911 Bogor, Indonesia; Natural History Division, Iziko Museums, P.O. Box 61 Cape Town 8000, South Africa; School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Berkshire, RG6 6AH Reading, UK and Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Ascot SL5 7PY, UK
| | - Nina Rønsted
- INRA, UMR1062 CBGP, F-34988 Montferrier-sur-Lez, France; Jodrell Laboratory, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, TW9 3DS, UK; Department of Plant Biology, University of Minnesota, 55108-1095 MN, USA; The Natural History Museum of Denmark, Copenhagen, DK-1307 Denmark; National Herbarium of the Netherlands, P.O. Box 9514, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands; Institute of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan; Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520-8106, USA; Centre National de Séquençage, CP5706, 91057 Evry, France; Department of Mathematical Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634 , USA; Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, XTBG, Kunming 650223, China; Escuela de Biología. Universidad de Costa Rica. A.P. 2060 San Pedro de Montes de Oca. 2060 San José, Costa Rica; CNRS—UMR 5175 CEFE, Montpellier, France; INRA, UR633 Zoologie Forestière, Orléans, France; Department of Computer Science, Harvey Mudd College, Claremont 91711-5901, CA, USA; Depto de Biologia, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, 14040-901 SP, Brazil; Research Center for Biology, LIPI, 16911 Bogor, Indonesia; Natural History Division, Iziko Museums, P.O. Box 61 Cape Town 8000, South Africa; School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Berkshire, RG6 6AH Reading, UK and Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Ascot SL5 7PY, UK
| | - Bhanumas Chantarasuwan
- INRA, UMR1062 CBGP, F-34988 Montferrier-sur-Lez, France; Jodrell Laboratory, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, TW9 3DS, UK; Department of Plant Biology, University of Minnesota, 55108-1095 MN, USA; The Natural History Museum of Denmark, Copenhagen, DK-1307 Denmark; National Herbarium of the Netherlands, P.O. Box 9514, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands; Institute of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan; Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520-8106, USA; Centre National de Séquençage, CP5706, 91057 Evry, France; Department of Mathematical Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634 , USA; Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, XTBG, Kunming 650223, China; Escuela de Biología. Universidad de Costa Rica. A.P. 2060 San Pedro de Montes de Oca. 2060 San José, Costa Rica; CNRS—UMR 5175 CEFE, Montpellier, France; INRA, UR633 Zoologie Forestière, Orléans, France; Department of Computer Science, Harvey Mudd College, Claremont 91711-5901, CA, USA; Depto de Biologia, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, 14040-901 SP, Brazil; Research Center for Biology, LIPI, 16911 Bogor, Indonesia; Natural History Division, Iziko Museums, P.O. Box 61 Cape Town 8000, South Africa; School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Berkshire, RG6 6AH Reading, UK and Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Ascot SL5 7PY, UK
| | - Lien Siang Chou
- INRA, UMR1062 CBGP, F-34988 Montferrier-sur-Lez, France; Jodrell Laboratory, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, TW9 3DS, UK; Department of Plant Biology, University of Minnesota, 55108-1095 MN, USA; The Natural History Museum of Denmark, Copenhagen, DK-1307 Denmark; National Herbarium of the Netherlands, P.O. Box 9514, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands; Institute of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan; Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520-8106, USA; Centre National de Séquençage, CP5706, 91057 Evry, France; Department of Mathematical Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634 , USA; Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, XTBG, Kunming 650223, China; Escuela de Biología. Universidad de Costa Rica. A.P. 2060 San Pedro de Montes de Oca. 2060 San José, Costa Rica; CNRS—UMR 5175 CEFE, Montpellier, France; INRA, UR633 Zoologie Forestière, Orléans, France; Department of Computer Science, Harvey Mudd College, Claremont 91711-5901, CA, USA; Depto de Biologia, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, 14040-901 SP, Brazil; Research Center for Biology, LIPI, 16911 Bogor, Indonesia; Natural History Division, Iziko Museums, P.O. Box 61 Cape Town 8000, South Africa; School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Berkshire, RG6 6AH Reading, UK and Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Ascot SL5 7PY, UK
| | - Wendy L. Clement
- INRA, UMR1062 CBGP, F-34988 Montferrier-sur-Lez, France; Jodrell Laboratory, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, TW9 3DS, UK; Department of Plant Biology, University of Minnesota, 55108-1095 MN, USA; The Natural History Museum of Denmark, Copenhagen, DK-1307 Denmark; National Herbarium of the Netherlands, P.O. Box 9514, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands; Institute of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan; Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520-8106, USA; Centre National de Séquençage, CP5706, 91057 Evry, France; Department of Mathematical Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634 , USA; Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, XTBG, Kunming 650223, China; Escuela de Biología. Universidad de Costa Rica. A.P. 2060 San Pedro de Montes de Oca. 2060 San José, Costa Rica; CNRS—UMR 5175 CEFE, Montpellier, France; INRA, UR633 Zoologie Forestière, Orléans, France; Department of Computer Science, Harvey Mudd College, Claremont 91711-5901, CA, USA; Depto de Biologia, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, 14040-901 SP, Brazil; Research Center for Biology, LIPI, 16911 Bogor, Indonesia; Natural History Division, Iziko Museums, P.O. Box 61 Cape Town 8000, South Africa; School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Berkshire, RG6 6AH Reading, UK and Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Ascot SL5 7PY, UK
| | - Arnaud Couloux
- INRA, UMR1062 CBGP, F-34988 Montferrier-sur-Lez, France; Jodrell Laboratory, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, TW9 3DS, UK; Department of Plant Biology, University of Minnesota, 55108-1095 MN, USA; The Natural History Museum of Denmark, Copenhagen, DK-1307 Denmark; National Herbarium of the Netherlands, P.O. Box 9514, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands; Institute of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan; Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520-8106, USA; Centre National de Séquençage, CP5706, 91057 Evry, France; Department of Mathematical Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634 , USA; Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, XTBG, Kunming 650223, China; Escuela de Biología. Universidad de Costa Rica. A.P. 2060 San Pedro de Montes de Oca. 2060 San José, Costa Rica; CNRS—UMR 5175 CEFE, Montpellier, France; INRA, UR633 Zoologie Forestière, Orléans, France; Department of Computer Science, Harvey Mudd College, Claremont 91711-5901, CA, USA; Depto de Biologia, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, 14040-901 SP, Brazil; Research Center for Biology, LIPI, 16911 Bogor, Indonesia; Natural History Division, Iziko Museums, P.O. Box 61 Cape Town 8000, South Africa; School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Berkshire, RG6 6AH Reading, UK and Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Ascot SL5 7PY, UK
| | - Benjamin Cousins
- INRA, UMR1062 CBGP, F-34988 Montferrier-sur-Lez, France; Jodrell Laboratory, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, TW9 3DS, UK; Department of Plant Biology, University of Minnesota, 55108-1095 MN, USA; The Natural History Museum of Denmark, Copenhagen, DK-1307 Denmark; National Herbarium of the Netherlands, P.O. Box 9514, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands; Institute of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan; Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520-8106, USA; Centre National de Séquençage, CP5706, 91057 Evry, France; Department of Mathematical Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634 , USA; Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, XTBG, Kunming 650223, China; Escuela de Biología. Universidad de Costa Rica. A.P. 2060 San Pedro de Montes de Oca. 2060 San José, Costa Rica; CNRS—UMR 5175 CEFE, Montpellier, France; INRA, UR633 Zoologie Forestière, Orléans, France; Department of Computer Science, Harvey Mudd College, Claremont 91711-5901, CA, USA; Depto de Biologia, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, 14040-901 SP, Brazil; Research Center for Biology, LIPI, 16911 Bogor, Indonesia; Natural History Division, Iziko Museums, P.O. Box 61 Cape Town 8000, South Africa; School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Berkshire, RG6 6AH Reading, UK and Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Ascot SL5 7PY, UK
| | - Gwenaëlle Genson
- INRA, UMR1062 CBGP, F-34988 Montferrier-sur-Lez, France; Jodrell Laboratory, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, TW9 3DS, UK; Department of Plant Biology, University of Minnesota, 55108-1095 MN, USA; The Natural History Museum of Denmark, Copenhagen, DK-1307 Denmark; National Herbarium of the Netherlands, P.O. Box 9514, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands; Institute of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan; Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520-8106, USA; Centre National de Séquençage, CP5706, 91057 Evry, France; Department of Mathematical Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634 , USA; Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, XTBG, Kunming 650223, China; Escuela de Biología. Universidad de Costa Rica. A.P. 2060 San Pedro de Montes de Oca. 2060 San José, Costa Rica; CNRS—UMR 5175 CEFE, Montpellier, France; INRA, UR633 Zoologie Forestière, Orléans, France; Department of Computer Science, Harvey Mudd College, Claremont 91711-5901, CA, USA; Depto de Biologia, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, 14040-901 SP, Brazil; Research Center for Biology, LIPI, 16911 Bogor, Indonesia; Natural History Division, Iziko Museums, P.O. Box 61 Cape Town 8000, South Africa; School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Berkshire, RG6 6AH Reading, UK and Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Ascot SL5 7PY, UK
| | - Rhett D. Harrison
- INRA, UMR1062 CBGP, F-34988 Montferrier-sur-Lez, France; Jodrell Laboratory, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, TW9 3DS, UK; Department of Plant Biology, University of Minnesota, 55108-1095 MN, USA; The Natural History Museum of Denmark, Copenhagen, DK-1307 Denmark; National Herbarium of the Netherlands, P.O. Box 9514, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands; Institute of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan; Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520-8106, USA; Centre National de Séquençage, CP5706, 91057 Evry, France; Department of Mathematical Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634 , USA; Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, XTBG, Kunming 650223, China; Escuela de Biología. Universidad de Costa Rica. A.P. 2060 San Pedro de Montes de Oca. 2060 San José, Costa Rica; CNRS—UMR 5175 CEFE, Montpellier, France; INRA, UR633 Zoologie Forestière, Orléans, France; Department of Computer Science, Harvey Mudd College, Claremont 91711-5901, CA, USA; Depto de Biologia, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, 14040-901 SP, Brazil; Research Center for Biology, LIPI, 16911 Bogor, Indonesia; Natural History Division, Iziko Museums, P.O. Box 61 Cape Town 8000, South Africa; School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Berkshire, RG6 6AH Reading, UK and Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Ascot SL5 7PY, UK
| | - Paul E. Hanson
- INRA, UMR1062 CBGP, F-34988 Montferrier-sur-Lez, France; Jodrell Laboratory, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, TW9 3DS, UK; Department of Plant Biology, University of Minnesota, 55108-1095 MN, USA; The Natural History Museum of Denmark, Copenhagen, DK-1307 Denmark; National Herbarium of the Netherlands, P.O. Box 9514, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands; Institute of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan; Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520-8106, USA; Centre National de Séquençage, CP5706, 91057 Evry, France; Department of Mathematical Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634 , USA; Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, XTBG, Kunming 650223, China; Escuela de Biología. Universidad de Costa Rica. A.P. 2060 San Pedro de Montes de Oca. 2060 San José, Costa Rica; CNRS—UMR 5175 CEFE, Montpellier, France; INRA, UR633 Zoologie Forestière, Orléans, France; Department of Computer Science, Harvey Mudd College, Claremont 91711-5901, CA, USA; Depto de Biologia, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, 14040-901 SP, Brazil; Research Center for Biology, LIPI, 16911 Bogor, Indonesia; Natural History Division, Iziko Museums, P.O. Box 61 Cape Town 8000, South Africa; School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Berkshire, RG6 6AH Reading, UK and Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Ascot SL5 7PY, UK
| | - Martine Hossaert-Mckey
- INRA, UMR1062 CBGP, F-34988 Montferrier-sur-Lez, France; Jodrell Laboratory, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, TW9 3DS, UK; Department of Plant Biology, University of Minnesota, 55108-1095 MN, USA; The Natural History Museum of Denmark, Copenhagen, DK-1307 Denmark; National Herbarium of the Netherlands, P.O. Box 9514, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands; Institute of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan; Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520-8106, USA; Centre National de Séquençage, CP5706, 91057 Evry, France; Department of Mathematical Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634 , USA; Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, XTBG, Kunming 650223, China; Escuela de Biología. Universidad de Costa Rica. A.P. 2060 San Pedro de Montes de Oca. 2060 San José, Costa Rica; CNRS—UMR 5175 CEFE, Montpellier, France; INRA, UR633 Zoologie Forestière, Orléans, France; Department of Computer Science, Harvey Mudd College, Claremont 91711-5901, CA, USA; Depto de Biologia, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, 14040-901 SP, Brazil; Research Center for Biology, LIPI, 16911 Bogor, Indonesia; Natural History Division, Iziko Museums, P.O. Box 61 Cape Town 8000, South Africa; School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Berkshire, RG6 6AH Reading, UK and Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Ascot SL5 7PY, UK
| | - Roula Jabbour-Zahab
- INRA, UMR1062 CBGP, F-34988 Montferrier-sur-Lez, France; Jodrell Laboratory, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, TW9 3DS, UK; Department of Plant Biology, University of Minnesota, 55108-1095 MN, USA; The Natural History Museum of Denmark, Copenhagen, DK-1307 Denmark; National Herbarium of the Netherlands, P.O. Box 9514, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands; Institute of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan; Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520-8106, USA; Centre National de Séquençage, CP5706, 91057 Evry, France; Department of Mathematical Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634 , USA; Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, XTBG, Kunming 650223, China; Escuela de Biología. Universidad de Costa Rica. A.P. 2060 San Pedro de Montes de Oca. 2060 San José, Costa Rica; CNRS—UMR 5175 CEFE, Montpellier, France; INRA, UR633 Zoologie Forestière, Orléans, France; Department of Computer Science, Harvey Mudd College, Claremont 91711-5901, CA, USA; Depto de Biologia, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, 14040-901 SP, Brazil; Research Center for Biology, LIPI, 16911 Bogor, Indonesia; Natural History Division, Iziko Museums, P.O. Box 61 Cape Town 8000, South Africa; School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Berkshire, RG6 6AH Reading, UK and Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Ascot SL5 7PY, UK
| | - Emmanuelle Jousselin
- INRA, UMR1062 CBGP, F-34988 Montferrier-sur-Lez, France; Jodrell Laboratory, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, TW9 3DS, UK; Department of Plant Biology, University of Minnesota, 55108-1095 MN, USA; The Natural History Museum of Denmark, Copenhagen, DK-1307 Denmark; National Herbarium of the Netherlands, P.O. Box 9514, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands; Institute of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan; Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520-8106, USA; Centre National de Séquençage, CP5706, 91057 Evry, France; Department of Mathematical Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634 , USA; Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, XTBG, Kunming 650223, China; Escuela de Biología. Universidad de Costa Rica. A.P. 2060 San Pedro de Montes de Oca. 2060 San José, Costa Rica; CNRS—UMR 5175 CEFE, Montpellier, France; INRA, UR633 Zoologie Forestière, Orléans, France; Department of Computer Science, Harvey Mudd College, Claremont 91711-5901, CA, USA; Depto de Biologia, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, 14040-901 SP, Brazil; Research Center for Biology, LIPI, 16911 Bogor, Indonesia; Natural History Division, Iziko Museums, P.O. Box 61 Cape Town 8000, South Africa; School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Berkshire, RG6 6AH Reading, UK and Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Ascot SL5 7PY, UK
| | - Carole Kerdelhué
- INRA, UMR1062 CBGP, F-34988 Montferrier-sur-Lez, France; Jodrell Laboratory, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, TW9 3DS, UK; Department of Plant Biology, University of Minnesota, 55108-1095 MN, USA; The Natural History Museum of Denmark, Copenhagen, DK-1307 Denmark; National Herbarium of the Netherlands, P.O. Box 9514, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands; Institute of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan; Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520-8106, USA; Centre National de Séquençage, CP5706, 91057 Evry, France; Department of Mathematical Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634 , USA; Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, XTBG, Kunming 650223, China; Escuela de Biología. Universidad de Costa Rica. A.P. 2060 San Pedro de Montes de Oca. 2060 San José, Costa Rica; CNRS—UMR 5175 CEFE, Montpellier, France; INRA, UR633 Zoologie Forestière, Orléans, France; Department of Computer Science, Harvey Mudd College, Claremont 91711-5901, CA, USA; Depto de Biologia, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, 14040-901 SP, Brazil; Research Center for Biology, LIPI, 16911 Bogor, Indonesia; Natural History Division, Iziko Museums, P.O. Box 61 Cape Town 8000, South Africa; School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Berkshire, RG6 6AH Reading, UK and Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Ascot SL5 7PY, UK
| | - Finn Kjellberg
- INRA, UMR1062 CBGP, F-34988 Montferrier-sur-Lez, France; Jodrell Laboratory, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, TW9 3DS, UK; Department of Plant Biology, University of Minnesota, 55108-1095 MN, USA; The Natural History Museum of Denmark, Copenhagen, DK-1307 Denmark; National Herbarium of the Netherlands, P.O. Box 9514, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands; Institute of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan; Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520-8106, USA; Centre National de Séquençage, CP5706, 91057 Evry, France; Department of Mathematical Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634 , USA; Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, XTBG, Kunming 650223, China; Escuela de Biología. Universidad de Costa Rica. A.P. 2060 San Pedro de Montes de Oca. 2060 San José, Costa Rica; CNRS—UMR 5175 CEFE, Montpellier, France; INRA, UR633 Zoologie Forestière, Orléans, France; Department of Computer Science, Harvey Mudd College, Claremont 91711-5901, CA, USA; Depto de Biologia, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, 14040-901 SP, Brazil; Research Center for Biology, LIPI, 16911 Bogor, Indonesia; Natural History Division, Iziko Museums, P.O. Box 61 Cape Town 8000, South Africa; School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Berkshire, RG6 6AH Reading, UK and Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Ascot SL5 7PY, UK
| | - Carlos Lopez-Vaamonde
- INRA, UMR1062 CBGP, F-34988 Montferrier-sur-Lez, France; Jodrell Laboratory, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, TW9 3DS, UK; Department of Plant Biology, University of Minnesota, 55108-1095 MN, USA; The Natural History Museum of Denmark, Copenhagen, DK-1307 Denmark; National Herbarium of the Netherlands, P.O. Box 9514, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands; Institute of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan; Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520-8106, USA; Centre National de Séquençage, CP5706, 91057 Evry, France; Department of Mathematical Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634 , USA; Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, XTBG, Kunming 650223, China; Escuela de Biología. Universidad de Costa Rica. A.P. 2060 San Pedro de Montes de Oca. 2060 San José, Costa Rica; CNRS—UMR 5175 CEFE, Montpellier, France; INRA, UR633 Zoologie Forestière, Orléans, France; Department of Computer Science, Harvey Mudd College, Claremont 91711-5901, CA, USA; Depto de Biologia, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, 14040-901 SP, Brazil; Research Center for Biology, LIPI, 16911 Bogor, Indonesia; Natural History Division, Iziko Museums, P.O. Box 61 Cape Town 8000, South Africa; School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Berkshire, RG6 6AH Reading, UK and Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Ascot SL5 7PY, UK
| | - John Peebles
- INRA, UMR1062 CBGP, F-34988 Montferrier-sur-Lez, France; Jodrell Laboratory, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, TW9 3DS, UK; Department of Plant Biology, University of Minnesota, 55108-1095 MN, USA; The Natural History Museum of Denmark, Copenhagen, DK-1307 Denmark; National Herbarium of the Netherlands, P.O. Box 9514, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands; Institute of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan; Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520-8106, USA; Centre National de Séquençage, CP5706, 91057 Evry, France; Department of Mathematical Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634 , USA; Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, XTBG, Kunming 650223, China; Escuela de Biología. Universidad de Costa Rica. A.P. 2060 San Pedro de Montes de Oca. 2060 San José, Costa Rica; CNRS—UMR 5175 CEFE, Montpellier, France; INRA, UR633 Zoologie Forestière, Orléans, France; Department of Computer Science, Harvey Mudd College, Claremont 91711-5901, CA, USA; Depto de Biologia, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, 14040-901 SP, Brazil; Research Center for Biology, LIPI, 16911 Bogor, Indonesia; Natural History Division, Iziko Museums, P.O. Box 61 Cape Town 8000, South Africa; School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Berkshire, RG6 6AH Reading, UK and Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Ascot SL5 7PY, UK
| | - Yan-Qiong Peng
- INRA, UMR1062 CBGP, F-34988 Montferrier-sur-Lez, France; Jodrell Laboratory, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, TW9 3DS, UK; Department of Plant Biology, University of Minnesota, 55108-1095 MN, USA; The Natural History Museum of Denmark, Copenhagen, DK-1307 Denmark; National Herbarium of the Netherlands, P.O. Box 9514, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands; Institute of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan; Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520-8106, USA; Centre National de Séquençage, CP5706, 91057 Evry, France; Department of Mathematical Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634 , USA; Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, XTBG, Kunming 650223, China; Escuela de Biología. Universidad de Costa Rica. A.P. 2060 San Pedro de Montes de Oca. 2060 San José, Costa Rica; CNRS—UMR 5175 CEFE, Montpellier, France; INRA, UR633 Zoologie Forestière, Orléans, France; Department of Computer Science, Harvey Mudd College, Claremont 91711-5901, CA, USA; Depto de Biologia, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, 14040-901 SP, Brazil; Research Center for Biology, LIPI, 16911 Bogor, Indonesia; Natural History Division, Iziko Museums, P.O. Box 61 Cape Town 8000, South Africa; School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Berkshire, RG6 6AH Reading, UK and Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Ascot SL5 7PY, UK
| | - Rodrigo Augusto Santinelo Pereira
- INRA, UMR1062 CBGP, F-34988 Montferrier-sur-Lez, France; Jodrell Laboratory, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, TW9 3DS, UK; Department of Plant Biology, University of Minnesota, 55108-1095 MN, USA; The Natural History Museum of Denmark, Copenhagen, DK-1307 Denmark; National Herbarium of the Netherlands, P.O. Box 9514, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands; Institute of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan; Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520-8106, USA; Centre National de Séquençage, CP5706, 91057 Evry, France; Department of Mathematical Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634 , USA; Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, XTBG, Kunming 650223, China; Escuela de Biología. Universidad de Costa Rica. A.P. 2060 San Pedro de Montes de Oca. 2060 San José, Costa Rica; CNRS—UMR 5175 CEFE, Montpellier, France; INRA, UR633 Zoologie Forestière, Orléans, France; Department of Computer Science, Harvey Mudd College, Claremont 91711-5901, CA, USA; Depto de Biologia, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, 14040-901 SP, Brazil; Research Center for Biology, LIPI, 16911 Bogor, Indonesia; Natural History Division, Iziko Museums, P.O. Box 61 Cape Town 8000, South Africa; School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Berkshire, RG6 6AH Reading, UK and Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Ascot SL5 7PY, UK
| | - Tselil Schramm
- INRA, UMR1062 CBGP, F-34988 Montferrier-sur-Lez, France; Jodrell Laboratory, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, TW9 3DS, UK; Department of Plant Biology, University of Minnesota, 55108-1095 MN, USA; The Natural History Museum of Denmark, Copenhagen, DK-1307 Denmark; National Herbarium of the Netherlands, P.O. Box 9514, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands; Institute of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan; Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520-8106, USA; Centre National de Séquençage, CP5706, 91057 Evry, France; Department of Mathematical Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634 , USA; Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, XTBG, Kunming 650223, China; Escuela de Biología. Universidad de Costa Rica. A.P. 2060 San Pedro de Montes de Oca. 2060 San José, Costa Rica; CNRS—UMR 5175 CEFE, Montpellier, France; INRA, UR633 Zoologie Forestière, Orléans, France; Department of Computer Science, Harvey Mudd College, Claremont 91711-5901, CA, USA; Depto de Biologia, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, 14040-901 SP, Brazil; Research Center for Biology, LIPI, 16911 Bogor, Indonesia; Natural History Division, Iziko Museums, P.O. Box 61 Cape Town 8000, South Africa; School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Berkshire, RG6 6AH Reading, UK and Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Ascot SL5 7PY, UK
| | - Rosichon Ubaidillah
- INRA, UMR1062 CBGP, F-34988 Montferrier-sur-Lez, France; Jodrell Laboratory, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, TW9 3DS, UK; Department of Plant Biology, University of Minnesota, 55108-1095 MN, USA; The Natural History Museum of Denmark, Copenhagen, DK-1307 Denmark; National Herbarium of the Netherlands, P.O. Box 9514, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands; Institute of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan; Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520-8106, USA; Centre National de Séquençage, CP5706, 91057 Evry, France; Department of Mathematical Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634 , USA; Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, XTBG, Kunming 650223, China; Escuela de Biología. Universidad de Costa Rica. A.P. 2060 San Pedro de Montes de Oca. 2060 San José, Costa Rica; CNRS—UMR 5175 CEFE, Montpellier, France; INRA, UR633 Zoologie Forestière, Orléans, France; Department of Computer Science, Harvey Mudd College, Claremont 91711-5901, CA, USA; Depto de Biologia, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, 14040-901 SP, Brazil; Research Center for Biology, LIPI, 16911 Bogor, Indonesia; Natural History Division, Iziko Museums, P.O. Box 61 Cape Town 8000, South Africa; School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Berkshire, RG6 6AH Reading, UK and Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Ascot SL5 7PY, UK
| | - Simon van Noort
- INRA, UMR1062 CBGP, F-34988 Montferrier-sur-Lez, France; Jodrell Laboratory, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, TW9 3DS, UK; Department of Plant Biology, University of Minnesota, 55108-1095 MN, USA; The Natural History Museum of Denmark, Copenhagen, DK-1307 Denmark; National Herbarium of the Netherlands, P.O. Box 9514, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands; Institute of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan; Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520-8106, USA; Centre National de Séquençage, CP5706, 91057 Evry, France; Department of Mathematical Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634 , USA; Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, XTBG, Kunming 650223, China; Escuela de Biología. Universidad de Costa Rica. A.P. 2060 San Pedro de Montes de Oca. 2060 San José, Costa Rica; CNRS—UMR 5175 CEFE, Montpellier, France; INRA, UR633 Zoologie Forestière, Orléans, France; Department of Computer Science, Harvey Mudd College, Claremont 91711-5901, CA, USA; Depto de Biologia, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, 14040-901 SP, Brazil; Research Center for Biology, LIPI, 16911 Bogor, Indonesia; Natural History Division, Iziko Museums, P.O. Box 61 Cape Town 8000, South Africa; School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Berkshire, RG6 6AH Reading, UK and Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Ascot SL5 7PY, UK
| | - George D. Weiblen
- INRA, UMR1062 CBGP, F-34988 Montferrier-sur-Lez, France; Jodrell Laboratory, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, TW9 3DS, UK; Department of Plant Biology, University of Minnesota, 55108-1095 MN, USA; The Natural History Museum of Denmark, Copenhagen, DK-1307 Denmark; National Herbarium of the Netherlands, P.O. Box 9514, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands; Institute of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan; Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520-8106, USA; Centre National de Séquençage, CP5706, 91057 Evry, France; Department of Mathematical Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634 , USA; Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, XTBG, Kunming 650223, China; Escuela de Biología. Universidad de Costa Rica. A.P. 2060 San Pedro de Montes de Oca. 2060 San José, Costa Rica; CNRS—UMR 5175 CEFE, Montpellier, France; INRA, UR633 Zoologie Forestière, Orléans, France; Department of Computer Science, Harvey Mudd College, Claremont 91711-5901, CA, USA; Depto de Biologia, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, 14040-901 SP, Brazil; Research Center for Biology, LIPI, 16911 Bogor, Indonesia; Natural History Division, Iziko Museums, P.O. Box 61 Cape Town 8000, South Africa; School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Berkshire, RG6 6AH Reading, UK and Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Ascot SL5 7PY, UK
| | - Da-Rong Yang
- INRA, UMR1062 CBGP, F-34988 Montferrier-sur-Lez, France; Jodrell Laboratory, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, TW9 3DS, UK; Department of Plant Biology, University of Minnesota, 55108-1095 MN, USA; The Natural History Museum of Denmark, Copenhagen, DK-1307 Denmark; National Herbarium of the Netherlands, P.O. Box 9514, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands; Institute of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan; Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520-8106, USA; Centre National de Séquençage, CP5706, 91057 Evry, France; Department of Mathematical Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634 , USA; Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, XTBG, Kunming 650223, China; Escuela de Biología. Universidad de Costa Rica. A.P. 2060 San Pedro de Montes de Oca. 2060 San José, Costa Rica; CNRS—UMR 5175 CEFE, Montpellier, France; INRA, UR633 Zoologie Forestière, Orléans, France; Department of Computer Science, Harvey Mudd College, Claremont 91711-5901, CA, USA; Depto de Biologia, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, 14040-901 SP, Brazil; Research Center for Biology, LIPI, 16911 Bogor, Indonesia; Natural History Division, Iziko Museums, P.O. Box 61 Cape Town 8000, South Africa; School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Berkshire, RG6 6AH Reading, UK and Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Ascot SL5 7PY, UK
| | - Anak Yodpinyanee
- INRA, UMR1062 CBGP, F-34988 Montferrier-sur-Lez, France; Jodrell Laboratory, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, TW9 3DS, UK; Department of Plant Biology, University of Minnesota, 55108-1095 MN, USA; The Natural History Museum of Denmark, Copenhagen, DK-1307 Denmark; National Herbarium of the Netherlands, P.O. Box 9514, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands; Institute of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan; Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520-8106, USA; Centre National de Séquençage, CP5706, 91057 Evry, France; Department of Mathematical Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634 , USA; Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, XTBG, Kunming 650223, China; Escuela de Biología. Universidad de Costa Rica. A.P. 2060 San Pedro de Montes de Oca. 2060 San José, Costa Rica; CNRS—UMR 5175 CEFE, Montpellier, France; INRA, UR633 Zoologie Forestière, Orléans, France; Department of Computer Science, Harvey Mudd College, Claremont 91711-5901, CA, USA; Depto de Biologia, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, 14040-901 SP, Brazil; Research Center for Biology, LIPI, 16911 Bogor, Indonesia; Natural History Division, Iziko Museums, P.O. Box 61 Cape Town 8000, South Africa; School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Berkshire, RG6 6AH Reading, UK and Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Ascot SL5 7PY, UK
| | - Ran Libeskind-Hadas
- INRA, UMR1062 CBGP, F-34988 Montferrier-sur-Lez, France; Jodrell Laboratory, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, TW9 3DS, UK; Department of Plant Biology, University of Minnesota, 55108-1095 MN, USA; The Natural History Museum of Denmark, Copenhagen, DK-1307 Denmark; National Herbarium of the Netherlands, P.O. Box 9514, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands; Institute of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan; Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520-8106, USA; Centre National de Séquençage, CP5706, 91057 Evry, France; Department of Mathematical Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634 , USA; Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, XTBG, Kunming 650223, China; Escuela de Biología. Universidad de Costa Rica. A.P. 2060 San Pedro de Montes de Oca. 2060 San José, Costa Rica; CNRS—UMR 5175 CEFE, Montpellier, France; INRA, UR633 Zoologie Forestière, Orléans, France; Department of Computer Science, Harvey Mudd College, Claremont 91711-5901, CA, USA; Depto de Biologia, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, 14040-901 SP, Brazil; Research Center for Biology, LIPI, 16911 Bogor, Indonesia; Natural History Division, Iziko Museums, P.O. Box 61 Cape Town 8000, South Africa; School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Berkshire, RG6 6AH Reading, UK and Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Ascot SL5 7PY, UK
| | - James M. Cook
- INRA, UMR1062 CBGP, F-34988 Montferrier-sur-Lez, France; Jodrell Laboratory, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, TW9 3DS, UK; Department of Plant Biology, University of Minnesota, 55108-1095 MN, USA; The Natural History Museum of Denmark, Copenhagen, DK-1307 Denmark; National Herbarium of the Netherlands, P.O. Box 9514, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands; Institute of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan; Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520-8106, USA; Centre National de Séquençage, CP5706, 91057 Evry, France; Department of Mathematical Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634 , USA; Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, XTBG, Kunming 650223, China; Escuela de Biología. Universidad de Costa Rica. A.P. 2060 San Pedro de Montes de Oca. 2060 San José, Costa Rica; CNRS—UMR 5175 CEFE, Montpellier, France; INRA, UR633 Zoologie Forestière, Orléans, France; Department of Computer Science, Harvey Mudd College, Claremont 91711-5901, CA, USA; Depto de Biologia, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, 14040-901 SP, Brazil; Research Center for Biology, LIPI, 16911 Bogor, Indonesia; Natural History Division, Iziko Museums, P.O. Box 61 Cape Town 8000, South Africa; School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Berkshire, RG6 6AH Reading, UK and Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Ascot SL5 7PY, UK
| | - Jean-Yves Rasplus
- INRA, UMR1062 CBGP, F-34988 Montferrier-sur-Lez, France; Jodrell Laboratory, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, TW9 3DS, UK; Department of Plant Biology, University of Minnesota, 55108-1095 MN, USA; The Natural History Museum of Denmark, Copenhagen, DK-1307 Denmark; National Herbarium of the Netherlands, P.O. Box 9514, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands; Institute of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan; Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520-8106, USA; Centre National de Séquençage, CP5706, 91057 Evry, France; Department of Mathematical Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634 , USA; Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, XTBG, Kunming 650223, China; Escuela de Biología. Universidad de Costa Rica. A.P. 2060 San Pedro de Montes de Oca. 2060 San José, Costa Rica; CNRS—UMR 5175 CEFE, Montpellier, France; INRA, UR633 Zoologie Forestière, Orléans, France; Department of Computer Science, Harvey Mudd College, Claremont 91711-5901, CA, USA; Depto de Biologia, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, 14040-901 SP, Brazil; Research Center for Biology, LIPI, 16911 Bogor, Indonesia; Natural History Division, Iziko Museums, P.O. Box 61 Cape Town 8000, South Africa; School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Berkshire, RG6 6AH Reading, UK and Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Ascot SL5 7PY, UK
| | - Vincent Savolainen
- INRA, UMR1062 CBGP, F-34988 Montferrier-sur-Lez, France; Jodrell Laboratory, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, TW9 3DS, UK; Department of Plant Biology, University of Minnesota, 55108-1095 MN, USA; The Natural History Museum of Denmark, Copenhagen, DK-1307 Denmark; National Herbarium of the Netherlands, P.O. Box 9514, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands; Institute of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan; Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520-8106, USA; Centre National de Séquençage, CP5706, 91057 Evry, France; Department of Mathematical Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634 , USA; Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, XTBG, Kunming 650223, China; Escuela de Biología. Universidad de Costa Rica. A.P. 2060 San Pedro de Montes de Oca. 2060 San José, Costa Rica; CNRS—UMR 5175 CEFE, Montpellier, France; INRA, UR633 Zoologie Forestière, Orléans, France; Department of Computer Science, Harvey Mudd College, Claremont 91711-5901, CA, USA; Depto de Biologia, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, 14040-901 SP, Brazil; Research Center for Biology, LIPI, 16911 Bogor, Indonesia; Natural History Division, Iziko Museums, P.O. Box 61 Cape Town 8000, South Africa; School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Berkshire, RG6 6AH Reading, UK and Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Ascot SL5 7PY, UK
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Nazareno AG, Pereira RAS, Feres JM, Mestriner MA, Alzate-Marin AL. Transferability and characterization of microsatellite markers in two Neotropical Ficus species. Genet Mol Biol 2009; 32:568-71. [PMID: 21637521 PMCID: PMC3036046 DOI: 10.1590/s1415-47572009005000056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2008] [Accepted: 03/23/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Microsatellite markers were transferred and characterized for two Neotropical fig tree species, Ficus citrifolia and Ficus eximia. Our study demonstrated that microsatellite markers developed from different subgenera of Ficus can be transferred to related species. In the present case, 12 of the 15 primer pairs tested (80%) were successfully transferred to both of the above species. Eleven loci were polymorphic when tested across 60 F. citrifolia and 60 F. eximia individuals. For F. citrifolia, there were 4 to 15 alleles per locus, whereas expected heterozygosities ranged from 0.31 to 0.91. In the case of F. eximia, this was 2 to 12 alleles per locus and expected heterozygosities from 0.42 to 0.87.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison Gonçalves Nazareno
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Comparada, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP Brazil
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11
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Abstract
In fig wasps, mating takes place among the offspring of one or a few foundress mothers inside the fig from which mated females disperse to found new broods. Under these conditions, related males will compete with each other for mating and several studies have shown female bias in brood sex ratios as a response to Local Mate Competition (LMC). Studying Pegoscapus tonduzi which pollinates Ficus citrifolia in Brazil, we analysed the effect of LMC (number of foundresses) on the sex ratio of the offspring of pollinating wasps. The relationship between the foundress number and brood sex ratio qualitatively followed the theory, however the empirical sex ratio was more female biased than expected from theoretical values. The model for an optimal sex ratio considers that each foundress wasp contributes the same number of eggs to be bred and that the violation of this assumption may explain the lack of adjustment in relation to the theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A S Pereira
- Departamento de Biologia, FFCLRP, Universidade de São Paulo, CEP 14040-901, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
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