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Facioli FL, Bezutti GDF, Bender RS, Marques MG, Bondan C, Zanella EL, Bertolini M, Zanella R. A rare case of heteropaternal twin calves after natural mating in Brazil. Anim Reprod 2021; 17:e20200217. [PMID: 33791026 PMCID: PMC7995257 DOI: 10.1590/1984-3143-ar2020-0217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Twin birth is a complex condition observed in most livestock animals, when the female gives birth to two or more offspring, generally out of the same mating. In cattle, it is a rare condition (3 to 5%) and depends on the genetic background and environmental factors. Twin birth is a result of multiple ovulations, being more common in dairy rather than in beef cattle. Calves could be monozygous or dizygous, with the same or of different sexes. When twins are born with different sexes, a sexual condition called Freemartinism occurs in between 90 to 97% of pregnancies, causing infertility in the female calf. Knowing that the twin rate is rare in commercial beef cattle, here we present an even rarer case of twin birth from two different sires after natural mating, also called heteropaternal superfecundation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Luiza Facioli
- Curso de Medicina Veterinária, Faculdade de Agronomia e Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Passo Fundo - UPF, Passo Fundo, RS, Brasil
| | - Gabriela da Fonseca Bezutti
- Curso de Medicina Veterinária, Faculdade de Agronomia e Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Passo Fundo - UPF, Passo Fundo, RS, Brasil
| | - Rodrigo Saraiva Bender
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Bioexperimentação, Curso de Medicina Veterinária, Faculdade de Agronomia e Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Passo Fundo - UPF, Passo Fundo, RS, Brasil
| | - Mariana Groke Marques
- Embrapa Suínos e Aves, Concórdia, SC, Brasil.,Programa de Pós-graduação em Produção e Sanidade Animal, Instituto Federal Catarinense - IFC, Concórdia, SC, Brasil
| | - Carlos Bondan
- Curso de Medicina Veterinária, Faculdade de Agronomia e Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Passo Fundo - UPF, Passo Fundo, RS, Brasil.,Programa de Pós-graduação em Agronomia, Curso de Medicina Veterinária, Faculdade de Agronomia e Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Passo Fundo - UPF, Passo Fundo, RS, Brasil
| | - Eraldo Lourenso Zanella
- Curso de Medicina Veterinária, Faculdade de Agronomia e Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Passo Fundo - UPF, Passo Fundo, RS, Brasil.,Programa de Pós-graduação em Bioexperimentação, Curso de Medicina Veterinária, Faculdade de Agronomia e Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Passo Fundo - UPF, Passo Fundo, RS, Brasil
| | - Marcelo Bertolini
- Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - Ricardo Zanella
- Curso de Medicina Veterinária, Faculdade de Agronomia e Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Passo Fundo - UPF, Passo Fundo, RS, Brasil.,Programa de Pós-graduação em Bioexperimentação, Curso de Medicina Veterinária, Faculdade de Agronomia e Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Passo Fundo - UPF, Passo Fundo, RS, Brasil
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Abstract
Ss tend to remember close-up photographs as having had extended boundaries (Intraub & Richardson, 1989). Three alternate explanations were tested: object completion, distortion toward a perceptual schema, and normalization toward a prototypic view. In three experiments, 55-130 undergraduates viewed 16 close-up, prototypic, or wide-angle views of objects for 15 s each. Immediately or 48 hr later, they rated test pictures on a 5-point scale as "same", "closer up", or "father away." Results ruled out object completion because boundary extension occurred when the picture contained no incomplete objects. Immediate tests supported the perceptual schema hypothesis because all unidirectional distortions involved boundary extension. Delayed tests were more suggestive of a memory schema effect because wide-angle pictures yielded boundary restriction. A two-component model of picture processing is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Intraub
- Department of Psychology, University of Delaware, Newark 19716
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Abstract
Ss tend to remember close-up photographs as having had extended boundaries (Intraub & Richardson, 1989). Three alternate explanations were tested: object completion, distortion toward a perceptual schema, and normalization toward a prototypic view. In three experiments, 55-130 undergraduates viewed 16 close-up, prototypic, or wide-angle views of objects for 15 s each. Immediately or 48 hr later, they rated test pictures on a 5-point scale as "same", "closer up", or "father away." Results ruled out object completion because boundary extension occurred when the picture contained no incomplete objects. Immediate tests supported the perceptual schema hypothesis because all unidirectional distortions involved boundary extension. Delayed tests were more suggestive of a memory schema effect because wide-angle pictures yielded boundary restriction. A two-component model of picture processing is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Intraub
- Department of Psychology, University of Delaware, Newark 19716
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Darden EB, Christenberry KW, Beauchamp JJ, Bender RS, Jernigan MC, Conklin JW, Upton AC. Comparison of 60-MeV protons and 300-kVp x-rays for induction of lens opacities in RF mice. Radiat Res 1970; 43:598-612. [PMID: 5460396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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