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Wadden TA, Chao AM, Anderson H, Annis K, Atkinson K, Bolin P, Brantley P, Clark JM, Coday M, Dutton G, Foreyt JP, Gregg EW, Hazuda HP, Hill JO, Hubbard VS, Jakicic JM, Jeffery RW, Johnson KC, Kahn SE, Knowler WC, Korytkowski M, Lewis CE, Laferrère B, Middelbeek RJ, Munshi MN, Nathan DM, Neiberg RH, Pilla SJ, Peters A, Pi-Sunyer X, Rejeski JW, Redmon B, Stewart T, Vaughan E, Wagenknecht LE, Walkup MP, Wing RR, Wyatt H, Yanovski SZ, Zhang P. Changes in mood and health-related quality of life in Look AHEAD 6 years after termination of the lifestyle intervention. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2021; 29:1294-1308. [PMID: 34258889 PMCID: PMC8903054 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The Action for Health in Diabetes (Look AHEAD) study previously reported that intensive lifestyle intervention (ILI) reduced incident depressive symptoms and improved health-related quality of life (HRQOL) over nearly 10 years of intervention compared with a control group (the diabetes support and education group [DSE]) in participants with type 2 diabetes and overweight or obesity. The present study compared incident depressive symptoms and changes in HRQOL in these groups for an additional 6 years following termination of the ILI in September 2012. METHODS A total of 1,945 ILI participants and 1,900 DSE participants completed at least one of four planned postintervention assessments at which weight, mood (via the Patient Health Questionnaire-9), antidepressant medication use, and HRQOL (via the Medical Outcomes Scale, Short Form-36) were measured. RESULTS ILI participants and DSE participants lost 3.1 (0.3) and 3.8 (0.3) kg [represented as mean (SE); p = 0.10], respectively, during the 6-year postintervention follow-up. No significant differences were observed between groups during this time in incident mild or greater symptoms of depression, antidepressant medication use, or in changes on the physical component summary or mental component summary scores of the Short Form-36. In both groups, mental component summary scores were higher than physical component summary scores. CONCLUSIONS Prior participation in the ILI, compared with the DSE group, did not appear to improve subsequent mood or HRQOL during 6 years of postintervention follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas A. Wadden
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ariana M. Chao
- Department of Biobehavioral Health Sciences, School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Harelda Anderson
- Southwestern American Indian Center, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease, Phoenix, Arizona and Shiprock, NM, USA
| | - Kirsten Annis
- Department of Psychiatry, Alpert Medical School at Brown University, The Miriam Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Karen Atkinson
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, US Department of Veteran Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Paula Bolin
- Southwestern American Indian Center, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease, Phoenix, Arizona and Shiprock, NM, USA
| | | | - Jeanne M. Clark
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mace Coday
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Gareth Dutton
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - John P. Foreyt
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Edward W. Gregg
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Helen P. Hazuda
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - James O. Hill
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Van S. Hubbard
- Division of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - John M. Jakicic
- Department of Health and Physical Activity, School of Education, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Robert W. Jeffery
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Karen C. Johnson
- Departments of Preventitive Medicine and Psychiatry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Steven E. Kahn
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, US Department of Veteran Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - William C. Knowler
- Southwestern American Indian Center, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease, Phoenix, Arizona and Shiprock, NM, USA
| | - Mary Korytkowski
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Cora E. Lewis
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Blandine Laferrère
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | - David M. Nathan
- Diabetes Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rebecca H. Neiberg
- Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Scott J. Pilla
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Anne Peters
- Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Xavier Pi-Sunyer
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jack W. Rejeski
- Department of Health and Exercise Sciences, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Bruce Redmon
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | | | | | - Lynne E. Wagenknecht
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Michael P. Walkup
- Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Rena R. Wing
- Department of Psychiatry, Alpert Medical School at Brown University, The Miriam Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Holly Wyatt
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine,University of Colorado Denver - Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Susan Z. Yanovski
- Division of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ping Zhang
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, DDT Health Economics Workgroup Atlanta, GA, USA
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Motiani P, Teuho J, Saari T, Virtanen KA, Honkala SM, Middelbeek RJ, Goodyear LJ, Eskola O, Andersson J, Löyttyniemi E, Hannukainen JC, Nuutila P. Exercise training alters lipoprotein particles independent of brown adipose tissue metabolic activity. Obes Sci Pract 2019; 5:258-272. [PMID: 31275600 PMCID: PMC6587322 DOI: 10.1002/osp4.330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction New strategies for weight loss and weight maintenance in humans are needed. Human brown adipose tissue (BAT) can stimulate energy expenditure and may be a potential therapeutic target for obesity and type 2 diabetes. However, whether exercise training is an efficient stimulus to activate and recruit BAT remains to be explored. This study aimed to evaluate whether regular exercise training affects cold‐stimulated BAT metabolism and, if so, whether this was associated with changes in plasma metabolites. Methods Healthy sedentary men (n = 11; aged 31 [SD 7] years; body mass index 23 [0.9] kg m−2; VO2 max 39 [7.6] mL min−1 kg−1) participated in a 6‐week exercise training intervention. Fasting BAT and neck muscle glucose uptake (GU) were measured using quantitative [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography–magnetic resonance imaging three times: (1) before training at room temperature and (2) before and (3) after the training period during cold stimulation. Cervico‐thoracic BAT mass was measured using MRI signal fat fraction maps. Plasma metabolites were analysed using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Results Cold exposure increased supraclavicular BAT GU by threefold (p < 0.001), energy expenditure by 59% (p < 0.001) and plasma fatty acids (p < 0.01). Exercise training had no effect on cold‐induced GU in BAT or neck muscles. Training increased aerobic capacity (p = 0.01) and decreased visceral fat (p = 0.02) and cervico‐thoracic BAT mass (p = 0.003). Additionally, training decreased very low‐density lipoprotein particle size (p = 0.04), triglycerides within chylomicrons (p = 0.04) and small high‐density lipoprotein (p = 0.04). Conclusions Although exercise training plays an important role for metabolic health, its beneficial effects on whole body metabolism through physiological adaptations seem to be independent of BAT activation in young, sedentary men.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Motiani
- Turku PET Centre University of Turku Turku Finland
| | - J Teuho
- Turku PET Centre University of Turku Turku Finland.,Department of Medical Physics Turku University Hospital Turku Finland
| | - T Saari
- Turku PET Centre University of Turku Turku Finland
| | - K A Virtanen
- Turku PET Centre University of Turku Turku Finland.,Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition University of Eastern Finland (UEF) Kuopio Finland
| | - S M Honkala
- Turku PET Centre University of Turku Turku Finland
| | - R J Middelbeek
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA.,Division of Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Boston MA USA
| | - L J Goodyear
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA
| | - O Eskola
- Turku PET Centre University of Turku Turku Finland
| | - J Andersson
- Section of Radiology, Department of Surgical Sciences Uppsala University Uppsala Sweden
| | - E Löyttyniemi
- Department of Biostatistics University of Turku Turku Finland
| | | | - P Nuutila
- Turku PET Centre University of Turku Turku Finland.,Department of Endocrinology, Turku PET Centre Turku University Hospital Turku Finland
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4
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Motiani P, Virtanen KA, Motiani KK, Eskelinen JJ, Middelbeek RJ, Goodyear LJ, Savolainen AM, Kemppainen J, Jensen J, Din MU, Saunavaara V, Parkkola R, Löyttyniemi E, Knuuti J, Nuutila P, Kalliokoski KK, Hannukainen JC. Decreased insulin-stimulated brown adipose tissue glucose uptake after short-term exercise training in healthy middle-aged men. Diabetes Obes Metab 2017; 19:1379-1388. [PMID: 28318098 PMCID: PMC5607085 DOI: 10.1111/dom.12947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Revised: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To test the hypothesis that high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) improve brown adipose tissue (BAT) insulin sensitivity. PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS Healthy middle-aged men (n = 18, age 47 years [95% confidence interval {CI} 49, 43], body mass index 25.3 kg/m2 [95% CI 24.1-26.3], peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak ) 34.8 mL/kg/min [95% CI 32.1, 37.4] ) were recruited and randomized into six HIIT or MICT sessions within 2 weeks. Insulin-stimulated glucose uptake was measured using 2-[18 F]flouro-2-deoxy-D-glucose positron-emission tomography in BAT, skeletal muscle, and abdominal and femoral subcutaneous and visceral white adipose tissue (WAT) depots before and after the training interventions. RESULTS Training improved VO2peak (P = .0005), insulin-stimulated glucose uptake into the quadriceps femoris muscle (P = .0009) and femoral subcutaneous WAT (P = .02) but not into BAT, with no difference between the training modes. Using pre-intervention BAT glucose uptake, we next stratified subjects into high BAT (>2.9 µmol/100 g/min; n = 6) or low BAT (<2.9 µmol/100 g/min; n = 12) groups. Interestingly, training decreased insulin-stimulated BAT glucose uptake in the high BAT group (4.0 [2.8, 5.5] vs 2.5 [1.7, 3.6]; training*BAT, P = .02), whereas there was no effect of training in the low BAT group (1.5 [1.2, 1.9] vs 1.6 [1.2, 2.0] µmol/100 g/min). Participants in the high BAT group had lower levels of inflammatory markers compared with those in the low BAT group. CONCLUSIONS Participants with functionally active BAT have an improved metabolic profile compared with those with low BAT activity. Short-term exercise training decreased insulin-stimulated BAT glucose uptake in participants with active BAT, suggesting that training does not work as a potent stimulus for BAT activation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Roeland J. Middelbeek
- Section on Integrative Physiology and MetabolismJoslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusetts
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and MetabolismBeth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterBostonMassachusetts
| | - Laurie J. Goodyear
- Section on Integrative Physiology and MetabolismJoslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusetts
| | | | - Jukka Kemppainen
- Turku PET CentreUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear MedicineTurku University HospitalTurkuFinland
| | - Jørgen Jensen
- Department of Physical PerformanceNorwegian School of Sport SciencesOsloNorway
| | | | - Virva Saunavaara
- Turku PET CentreUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
- Department of Medical PhysicsTurku University HospitalTurkuFinland
| | - Riitta Parkkola
- Turku PET CentreUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
- Department of RadiologyTurku University HospitalTurkuFinland
| | | | | | - Pirjo Nuutila
- Turku PET CentreUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
- Department of EndocrinologyTurku University HospitalTurkuFinland
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