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Mrema D, Ngocho JS, Mremi A, Amour M, Machange R, Shayo BC, Alloyce JP, Ndosi E, Shirima BT, Fande D, Shehoza R, Balandya E, Sunguya B, Mshana SE, Mteta AK, Lyamuya E, Bartlett J, Mmbaga BT. Cervical cancer in Northern Tanzania-What do women living with HIV know. Front Oncol 2023; 12:957325. [PMID: 36698389 PMCID: PMC9868899 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.957325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cervical cancer (CC) is more prevalent in women living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection compared to the general population. The magnitude is high among all countries burdened with HIV-Tanzania is no exception. Despite the unprecedented risk, women living with HIV (WLHIV) may not be aware of the risk and might have unfounded beliefs thereof. This study aimed to determine the knowledge, awareness, and beliefs on CC screening among WLHIV attending a clinic at the Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre (KCMC) in Northern Tanzania. Methods This hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 327 WLHIV attending care and treatment clinic (CTC) at KCMC. A pre-tested questionnaire was used to collect quantitative data. Both descriptive and regression methods were used to determine CC knowledge, awareness, and beliefs as well as factors associated with knowledge of CC among WLHIV using SPSS version 23. Results Participants' mean age was 46 ± 10.4 years. Although just half (54.7%) of WLHIV had insufficient knowledge of CC, the majority of the participants (83.5%) were able to recognize at least three risk factors, but with limited understanding of symptoms and prevention. The majority held positive beliefs on CC and screening practices. Factors associated with good knowledge of CC included being married (AOR: 3.66, 95% CI: 1.84-7.28), having used ART for at least 2 years (AOR: 4.08, 95% CI: 1.36-12.21), and having previously screened for CC (AOR: 1.62, 95% CI: 1.01-2.59). Conclusion WLHIV attending care and treatment center had insufficient knowledge about CC screening. To further improve screening and treatment for CC, at both facility and community levels, targeted awareness and education campaigns are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorah Mrema
- Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Moshi, Kilimanjaro, Tanzania
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Moshi, Tanzania
| | - James Samwel Ngocho
- Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Moshi, Kilimanjaro, Tanzania
- Kilimanjaro Clinical Research Institute, Moshi, Kilimanjaro, Tanzania
| | - Alex Mremi
- Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Moshi, Kilimanjaro, Tanzania
| | - Maryam Amour
- Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Rogathe Machange
- Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Moshi, Kilimanjaro, Tanzania
- Kilimanjaro Clinical Research Institute, Moshi, Kilimanjaro, Tanzania
| | - Benjamin C. Shayo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Moshi, Tanzania
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Julius P. Alloyce
- Department of Oncology, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Moshi, Kilimanjaro, Tanzania
| | - Evaline Ndosi
- Department of Oncology, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Moshi, Kilimanjaro, Tanzania
| | - Beatus T. Shirima
- Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Moshi, Kilimanjaro, Tanzania
| | - Device Fande
- Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Moshi, Kilimanjaro, Tanzania
| | - Rahma Shehoza
- Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Moshi, Kilimanjaro, Tanzania
| | - Emmanuel Balandya
- Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Bruno Sunguya
- Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Stephen E. Mshana
- Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, Bugando, Mwanza, Tanzania
| | - Alfred K. Mteta
- Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Moshi, Kilimanjaro, Tanzania
| | - Eligius Lyamuya
- Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania
| | - John Bartlett
- Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Blandina T. Mmbaga
- Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Moshi, Kilimanjaro, Tanzania
- Kilimanjaro Clinical Research Institute, Moshi, Kilimanjaro, Tanzania
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Tollstern Landin T, Melin T, Mark Kimaka V, Hallberg D, Kidayi P, Machange R, Mattsson J, Björling G. Sexual Harassment in Clinical Practice—A Cross-Sectional Study Among Nurses and Nursing Students in Sub-Saharan Africa. SAGE Open Nurs 2020; 6:2377960820963764. [PMID: 35155759 PMCID: PMC8832299 DOI: 10.1177/2377960820963764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Sexual harassment (SH) at the workplace is a globally discussed topic and one
deserving of scrutiny. It is an issue that is often avoided although around
25% of nurses worldwide have experienced some form of SH at their workplace.
Consequences of SH at workplaces can be very serious and an occupation
hazard for nurses around the world. In Sub-Saharan Africa there is also a
need for more studies in the field. Objective The overall aim was to determine the prevalence, types, and consequences of
sexual harassment among nurses and nursing students at a regional university
hospital in Tanzania. Methods The study has a cross-sectional design. A study specific questionnaire was
distributed to a total of 200 nurses and nursing students. Descriptive
statistics were used for calculation of frequencies, prevalence, including
gender differences, types, and consequences of sexual harassment. Results The result show that 9.6% of the participants had experienced some form of SH
at their workplace. Regarding the female nurses and students, 10.5% had been
sexually harassed at work, whereas the number for males was 7.8%, but 36%
knew about a friend who had been sexually harassed. The most common
perpetrator were physicians. The victims of SH were uncomfortable going back
to work, felt ashamed and angry. Conclusions In conclusion, nearly 10% of the participants had been exposed to sexual
harassment. However, an even greater number of victims was found when
including by proxy victims of sexual harassment. SH can become a serious
occupational hazard and stigmatization for nurses. Enhanced knowledge is
needed, and hospitals and medical colleges should emphasize their
possibilities to give support and assistance to the victims of SH. Education
about SH in all levels and prevention methods should also be emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tove Melin
- Department of Health Sciences, The Swedish Red Cross University College, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Victoria Mark Kimaka
- Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Moshi, and Tumanini University, Makumira, Tanzania
| | - David Hallberg
- Department of Communication of the Faculty of Letters and Humanities, University of Douala, Douala, Cameroon
| | - Paulo Kidayi
- Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Moshi, and Tumanini University, Makumira, Tanzania
| | - Rogathe Machange
- Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Moshi, and Tumanini University, Makumira, Tanzania
| | - Janet Mattsson
- Department of Health Sciences, The Swedish Red Cross University College, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Learning, Informatics, Management and Ethics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gunilla Björling
- Department of Health Sciences, The Swedish Red Cross University College, Stockholm, Sweden
- Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Moshi, and Tumanini University, Makumira, Tanzania
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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